Life Sciences Commons^™

Gestion Et Valorization Des Prairies Cultivees En Guyane Francaise, S De Rouville, G Molenat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'installation de prairies cultivees sur savane ou sur defriche forestiere en Guyane Frarn;:aise se heurte a la pauvrete chirni­que des sols (Cabidoche et Servant, 1982) et a une repartition des pluies irreguliere. Des especes fourrageres, issues de regions comparables, malgre des resultats encourageants en petite par­ celle, ont parfois des productions decevantes sous le pied ��u bovin utilise: le zebu. L'objectif est de definir une condmte reproductible des paturages afin d'assurer Ieur perennite et une production de viande par hectare suffisante pour atteindre un equilibre technico-econornique dans un systeme a niveau d'in­vestissement eleve (Bourges, 1984).

Long-Term Productivity Of Legumes-Based And Pure Grass Pastures In The Eastern Plains Of Colombia, C Lascano, J Estrada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The savannas of Colombia have acid soils of low fertility, a well defined dry season and an herbaceous native vegetation of low nutritional value (Lascano and Spain, 1986). As a conse­quence, traditional livestock production is extensive and of low productivity in terms of animal growth and reproduction (Vera and Sere, 1985). An economically attractive alternative to increase cattle production in the savannas of Colombia is through the use of legume-based pastures, provided they are productive and persistent (Nores and Estrada, 1979). This paper presents results on animal production and forage attnbutes of a long-term grazing experiment which includes a grass …

Animal Production Of Pastures Based On Centrosema Spp. In The Eastern Plains Of Colombia, C Lascano, J Estrada, P Avila

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lack of adaptation of commercial grass and legume cultivars to biotic and edaphic constraints prevailing in tropical American savannas has been partially responsible for failures in the development of improved pastures in these areas (Toledo, 1985). As a result, the Tropical Pastures Program of CIAT has taken responsibility to collect and select forage germplasm with adaptation to acid soils of low natural fertility. Within the Centrosema genus promising acid soil tolerant species have been identified, such as C. macrocarpum (Schultze­Kraft et al., 1985), C. acutifolium (Schultze-Kraft et al., 1987) and C. brasiliarum (Schultze-Kraft and Benavides, 1988). A grazing experiment was …

Removing Limitations To Cattle Production In The Semi-Arid Tropics, W H. Winter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle production on tropical tallgrass pastures of north­west Australia is limited by the poor quality of the forage. Sodium levels are inadequate throughout the year and N, P and S concentrations are below critical values for good animal growth after the first 4-6 weeks of the wet season. Thus, stock­ing rates and liveweight gains are low ( < 50 kg/annum) despite 18-26 weeks of pasture growth (McCown, 1982).This paper reports the results of 3 experiments which use different options to improve cattle production in this region.

Forage Quality, Heifer Grazing Preference And Performance On Disease Resistant Tifleaf 2 Hybrid Pearl Millet, G M. Hill, W W. Hanna, H D. Wells

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., has been utilized extensively as a high quality summer annual grazing crop m the Southern United States, and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Tifleaf l pearl millet (Burton, 1980) has been a popular improved dwarf cultivar. Grazing performance of heifers (Johnson et al., 1978) indicated that Tifleaf 1 was superior to normal height pearl millet cultivars.

Pearl millets are resistant to most diseases but rust (Puccinia substriate) and leaf spot (Piricularia grisea) are the two major pearl millet _diseases m the United States. Monson et al. (1986) …

L'Efficacite Du Paturage De Genisses De Genotypes Differents Pour La Production De Viande, H Paetzold, W Neumann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La viande bovine en RDA est produite generalement par l'engraissement de jeunes taureaux en stabulation. Les gains en poids vif journaliers varient entre 700 et 1 000 g. Ce systeme, demandant une alimentation d'une haute qualite, avec des quantites considerables de concentres, est tres couteux. Pour augmenter la production de viande bovine, on peut uti­liser des genisses avec recours au systeme de paturage, bien que celles-ci assurent un gain de poids journalier inferieur (400 a 550 g) chez les races laitieres. Le but de nos essais etait d'exami­ner les resultats de cinq croisements de races differentes dans les conditions pratiques …

Protein Bank As A Complement To Native Pasture, J L.F Zoby, E Kornelius, M C. Saueressug, O.A D. Affin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazilian Cerrados (203 million ha) comprise very acid oxisols and ultisols. The Cerrados have 40 % of Brasil's cattle (53 million heads). Native pasture are around 69 million ha (Fibge, 1979) and are the main forage source. During the dry season, grasspastures are mature and low in feed quality. Cattle growth is restricted by protein shortage in their diet. The experiment was carried out at « Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados », near Brasilia, in a typical Cerrado environment. The study investigated the value of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham and Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Bandeirante as legume supplements to improve …

Aspects Of Reseeding Old Permanent Pasture, N Culleton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland occupies some 89 % of the arable land in Ireland (anon., 1984) and of this approximately only 3 % is reseeded annually. Many permanent pastures have poor botanical com­position. Frame and Tiley (1988) pointed out that quantity and quality of secondary grass species are inferior to Lolium perenne. Nonetheless, there is evidence that permanent pastures have high animal production potential and that the large responses to reseeding in the first harvest year are rapidly lost (Wilkins et al., 1987). This paper compares new and old pastures under grazing and silage regimes.

Feed Intake, Milk Production And Gross Energetic Efficiency Of Lactating Cows Fed High Forage Diets On 305- Days Production, Y Asahida, K I. Sekine, J Sekine, S Kondo, M Okubo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We have been studying high forage feeding for dairy cattle without reducing the efficiency of utilization of energy. In our previous report (Sekine et al., 1987), the net efficiency of utiliza­tion of ME for lactation (kl) was the same (0.54) when cows were fed concentrate at rates of 25 and 35 % of milk yield. There is little information on the long-term effects of feeding pasturage and corn silage as the main forage on milk pro­duction and efficiency through successive lactation cycles. The objective was to evaluate high forage diets over the entire lactation of dairy cows, mainly pasturage during …

The Use Of Improved Pastures By Grazing Dairy Cows For Economic Milk Production In Thailand, C Lekchom, K Witayanuparpyunyong, P Sukpituksakul, B R. Watkin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dairy farming is a relatively new agricultural industry in Thailand and has shown a rapid and dramatic development over the past decade. During this period dairy cattle numbers have trebled (from approx. 20,000 to 60,000) and the number of dairy farmers has quadrupled (approx. 2,000 to 8,000). With the present positive support from the Government this explos­ive development is likely to continue. While the price of milk paid to the farmers over this period had been good there has, nevertheless, been a substantial increase in the variable on-farm costs of production which is squeezing the farmer profit margin significantly and …

Milk Production System Using Panicum Maximum Cv: Likoni Under Grazing Conditions With Leucaena Leucocephala Proteic Bank, M Milera, H Santana

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The first studies made in Cuba about the effect of grazing on several legumes demonstrated that the highest yields during the dry season as well as the higher estimated intake were obtained with Leucaena (Funes, 1980). Productions higher than 14 I (litres)/ cow were obtained and the concentrate was substituted (Funes and Jordan, 1987) using Leucaena forage during another slight short work which was conducted to substitute totally or partially a commercial concentrate in dairy cows diets. Never­theless, it is necessary to study long-term production systems under grazing conditions with different per cent from proteic bank and/or grass association. The …

Paturage De Ray-Grass Anglais- Trefle Blanc Par Les Vaches Laitieres, A Pflimlin, F Chenais, J F. Annezo, J Kerouanton, D Le Meur

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dans le contexte des quotas laitiers, les patures de ray-grass anglais - trefle blanc a faible fumure azotee peuvent etre l'une des voies pour maintenir le revenu, dans la mesure ou elles per­mettent des productions laitieres par vache et par hectare pro­ches de celles obtenues sur pature de ray-grass recevant 300 unites d'azote par ha et par an. Le programme de recherche mis en place en Bretagne a partir de 1982 sur ce theme s'appuie sur un reseau d'observations d'une centaine de fermes laitieres et sur des essais en station, dont ceux de Trevarez presentes ci­apres.

The Effect Of Herbage Mass On The Herbage Intake And Grazing Behavior Of Dairy Cows, G Stakelum, P Dillon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage mass effects on the intake of grazing dairy cows may differ with herbage allowance and herbage digestibility. A positive relationship between herbage mass and intake has been reported (Stockdale, 1985). The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of herbage mass on intake and ingestive behaviour of dairy cows and the influences of herbage digesti­bility and daily herbage allowance on those effects.

The Effect Of Level Of Herbage Intake And Concentration Type On Rumen Fermentation Pattern, In Situ Herbage Degradability And Blood Metabolite Levels In Lactating Dairy Cows, P Dillon, G Stakelum, J J. Murphy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High quality fibrous concentrates have been reported to give higher milk production responses and lower substitution rates compared to starchy concentrates wht:n fed to dairy cows (Meijs, 1986). Very large substitution rates for barley compared to both molassed beet pulp and beet pulp were found (Stakelum and Dillon, 1988) with grazing dairy cows. The pre­sent experiment was designed to investigate further the effects of concentrate type on herbage intake at two levels of herbage intake.

Tropical Pastures For Milk Production In Southeastern Region Of Brasil, S Aronovich, G A. Dusi, L.C S. Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazilian milk production, for many decades, has been lower than the human demand for the product. For this reason, there must be a strong effort to improve the national dairy enterprise. Southeastern Region of the country, which includes the States of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, responds for 3/4 of the country's milk production. The dairy husbandry is based on pastures, mainly composed of tropical grasses as Molassesgrass (Melinis minutiflora), Jara­guagrass (Hyparrhenia rufa), Guineagrass (Panicum maximum) and some species of Brachiaria, especially B. decumbens. Milk productivity is …

Some Factors Affecting Herbage Intake Of High Yielding Dairy Cows At Grazing, J L. Peyraud, E A. Comeron, M H. Wade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A program of research has been started at INRA Rennes which has the objective of optimising herbage utilisation and the supplementation at grazing of high yielding dairy cows through the study of the plant-animal interface. This will be achieved by quantifying the animal and plant factors which affect herbage intake in the field. The results presented here were obtained in a trial carried out in spring 1988 to study the effects of level of milk production, herbage allowance and system of grazing (strip grazing and paddock) upon herbage intake. These data are complemented by a study of the dynamics of …

Simplification Des Systemes De Paturage Pour Vaches Laitieres, A Hoden, A Muller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le systeme de paturage utilise pour Jes vaches laitieres est souvent de type « rationne ». Face a cette technique contrai­gnante sont apparus des systemes plus «simplifies» avec une reduction du nombre de parcelles (paturages « tournant » et « intensiflibre »). Une comparaison de ces differents systemes a ete realisee de 1982 a 1985 au Domaine INRA du Pin au Haras (Hoden et al., 1986 et 1987).

Production And Utilization Of Short Grass And Tall Grass Growing Around Dung Pats In A Perennial Ryegrass Sward Grazed By Dairy Cows, S Fitzgerlad, S Crosse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A considerable amount of herbage which is only partially grazed accumulates around dung pats over the grazing season in swards grazed by dairy cows or beef cattle. This tall grass can represent 15-45 % of the sward area (Marsh and Cam piing, 1970) depending on stocking rate or herbage allowance, grass growth rate and season of the year. The present study was un< ;lertaken to measure the area and proportion of a perennial ryegrass sward represented by short-grass and tall grass, the extent to which each category was grazed and their contri­bution to the diet of cows when rotationally grazed in an inten­sive leader/follower grazing system.

Contribution Of The Study Of Tropical Pasture Management For Intensive Milk Production, Irma Jerez, M Menchaca, H Jordan, T R. Garcia, Lidia Gonzalez, M Sosa, E De La Rosa, J L. Rivero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production in Cuba has been increased and this was possible by the increasing introduction of the Holstein breed and its crosses with Zebu. At the same time, this augmented the need for developing a feeding base satisfying the increasing demand of nutrients. A series of experiments to evaluate new pasture species, intensive pasture management and concentrate supplemen­tation to increase animal productivity per unit area was carried out.

Integrating Forage Maize With Pasture Legumes For Efficient Dairy Production In South Eastern Australia, K E. Pritchard, W K. Mason, C R. Stockdale, J B. Moran

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In south eastern Australia, the mild climate permits year­round grazing for 1.5 million dairy cows which results in a low production cost for milk. More than 1 million hectares of annual and perennial pastures are irrigated to supplement rain­fall of 300-500 mm/ annum, for dairy, beef and sheep pro­duction. Animal production from the present system of grazing pasture is limited by the inefficient conversion of solar radiation achieved by temperate pasture species ; seasonal variation in quantity and quality of pasture forage ; by poor utilization of pasture ; and by the low quality of grass-dominant pasture. The Kyabram Research …

Valorisation Des Paturages De Haute-Belgique Par La Vache Laitiere A Travers Deux Systemes D'Exploitation Differents, P Limbourg, M Gielen, L Istasse, J M. Bienfait

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La prairie permanente occupe en Haute-Belgique environ 70 % de la surface agricole: il importe done d'en exploiter tou­tes les potentialites. Si le chargement constitue le facteur essen­tiel de la bonne utilisation de l'herbe au paturage, les modalites d'exploitation jouent egalement un role non negligeable. C'est ainsi que le paturage continu intensif est tres attractif aupres des eleveurs en raison de l'economie de main-d'ceuvre qui en resulte. Des experiences anterieures ont cependant demontre la plus faible productivite en herbe d'un tel systeme par rapport au paturage classique en rotation, du fait notamment de la reduction des temps de repos. Dans …

New Grazing Animal Production System In Japan, H Kobayashi, K Ochiai, S Shioya, Y Togamura, T Ami, N Harashima, K Sato, M Nashiki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The amount of animal production from pasture by conven­tional grazing system in Japan stays at low level as 300 kg body weight gain of steers per hectare in one grazing period. This is supposedly caused by the following problems concerning graz­ing in Japan ; cold or hot temperature, rainy season, steep slope pasture, low fertilizer application, sharp seasonal fluctuation of grass production (spring flush, summer depression), faulty warm-up grazing, lots of blood-sucking insects and diseases (piroplasmosis, pneumonia etc.). Settling these problems, we have developed a new short rot­ational grazing system to get three times animal production (1,000 kg body weight …

Determination Of The Number Of Paddocks Necessary For The Rotation Of Grazing Dairy Cows, A Senra, J Ugarte, M A. Menchaca, J Galindo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Great importance in the grassland management has been given to the paddock system, since it allows animal rotation. However, fencing costs must be minimal without affecting ani­mal or pasture performance. Thus, it is necessary to obtain results that can be applied to a wider range of grasslands, tak­ing into consideration that each pasture could show a different performance. The objective of this study was aimed to deter­mine the minimum number of paddocks necessary for grazing dairy cows with pastures of greater and lesser aggressiveness.

Etude Comparative De Deux Varietes De Fetuque Elevee De Qualite Differente Conduites En Paturage Continu Avec Vaches Laitieres, J C. Emile, M Gillet, L Huguet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dans des essais anterieurs (Gillet et al., 1986 et 1989), nous avons mis en evidence chez la fetuque elevee Festuca arundin­acea Schreb. des differences varietales pour la valeur alimen­taire avec des moutons a l'entretien, des chevres laitieres et des vaches laitieres. Ces differences etaient observees a l'auge. Nous avons voulu verifier si, et dans quelles conditions, elles se retrouvaient !ors d'une utilisation en paturage continu par des vaches laitieres. (cf Roden et al., 1987). Notre demarche peut aider a mettre en evidence les conditions de valorisation de la qualite dans les especes fourrageres.

Phosphorus Fertilizer And The Long Term Productivity Of Nitrogen Fertilized Dairy Pasture, T M. Davison, W N. Orr, B A. Silver, F Duncalfe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production responses to nitrogen fertiliser on tropical grass systems have been well documented (Davison et al. 1985a; 1985b). However, there are no reports on the long term phosphorus fertiliser requirements of dairy pastures. This experiment, which ran for 7 years, was designed to determine the long term phosphorus fertiliser requirements, for mainten­ance of a grass pasture fertilised with nitrogen. The effects of fertiliser level were monitored in terms of changes in soil fer­tility, plant productivity and milk yield.

Prospects For Legume-Based Dairying In Cool Temperate Conditions, M Ryan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is increasing interest in exploiting legume-based pastures in the temperate zones of NW Europe-their value for lamb and beef production being recently documented (Stewart, 1984; Davies and Munro, 1988). Legume-based intensive dairying is currently not prevalent north of - 49 NL but quota restrictions leading to fewer cows may create conditions favourable to legumes within dairying. This paper describes the results of experimentation comparing N and legume-based dairying in cool temperate conditions and assesses future pros­pects.

Simplification De La Distribution Des Aliments Concentres Aux Vaches Laitieres Pendant La Periode De Paturage, J I. Andries, D L. De Brabander, Ch V. Boucque, F X. Buysse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En vue de remplacer le systeme complique de distribution de concentres selon le niveau de production, la recherche s'efforce, ces dernieres annees, de simplifier la distribution de concentres pour le betail laitier. On a examine si une distribution d'une quantite egale de concentres a toutes Jes vaches d'un groupe en fonction d'un niveau de production laitiere preetabli, peut etre un systeme valable pour la periode de paturage. Ce systeme est voisin de la « distribution d'une quantite fixe de concentres », aussi appele "flat rate feeding", dont la convenance pour la periode de sta­bulation a deja ete demontree plusieurs fois …

Production And Utilization Of High-Quality Cold-Hardy Forages, D W. Koch, C Kercher, D Agee, R Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing is generally the least expensive method of forage utilization ; however, in temperate climates the growing season is relatively short and perennial forages are at peak nutritive value for a relatively short time. Brassica spp. have several characteristics which make them prime candidates for extending the grazing season : (1) they mature rapidly (Guillard and Allinson, 1984); (2) they are frost tolerant and maintain high nutrient value well during cold weather (Jung et al., 1984); and (3) they can be established with minimum tillage techniques (Jung et al., 1984; Koch et al., 1987). The purpose of this study was …

Multispecies Grazing Systems In Iowa, Midwestern Usa, W F. Wedin, M A. Sanderson, C Ohlsonn, D G. Morrical

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Combining species of grazing animals such as cattle and sheep into appropriate grazing systems may help producers to use grazing land resources more efficiently (Heinemann, 1970 ;Van Keuren and Parker, 1967: Winrock, 1985). Earlier pasture research on lands unsuited for row-crop production has shown that renovation to incorporate a pasture legume has been very beneficial (Wedin et al., 1967). Yet, grazing manage­ment has lagged behind legume incorporation and fertilization (Wedin, 1985). Practices used in animal management must be taken into account in new grazing systems. In midwestern USA, producers commonly buy stocker steers in spring to take advantage of ample, …

Implications Of Grazing Experiments Which Employ Only One Grazing Level Per Treatment, David I. Bransby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stocking rate is one of the most powerful driving variables in grazing ecosystems, but its influence on animal production is mediated through effects on pasture sward state, and associated effects on quantity and quality of forage consumed by animals. Consequently, confounding important sward state char­acteristics with treatments in grazing experiments will often mask treatment effects and lead to erroneous conclusions. While this problem has generally been recognized (e.g. Mott and Lucas, 1952; Wheeler et al. 1973 ; Hodgson, 1985), attempts to overcome it appear to be less than satisfactory. The aim of this paper is to discuss methods of stocking …