Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Endophyte (Acremonum Coenophialum) Infection Of Tall Fescue And Paddock Exchange On Intake And Performance Of Grazing Steers, J A. Stuedmann, D L. Breedlove, K R. Pond, D P. Belesky, L P. Tate Jr, F N. Thompson, S R. Wilkinson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

INTRODUCTION Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), grown on over 14 million ha, is the most common pasture grass in humid areas of the eastern USA and, to limited extent, in the northwestern USA. The presence of an endophyte in tall fescue has been associated with a number of animal health problems including reduced performance (Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). Intake was reduced in diets containing the endophyte in seed, hay or green forage (Hemken et al., 1979; Schmidt et al., 1982). However, no studies have been reported which used direct methods to determine intake differences of grazing animals as influenced …

Pearl Millet And Forage Sorghum In Grazing For Beef Production In Temperate Area Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, A Cressetto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pearl millet (Pennisetum thiphoides) is an important summer forage in Africa and Southern United States, where a large amount of high quality forage (Fribourg, 1965) is needed. According to Fribourg (I 965) pearl millet is more resistant than forage sorghum to heavy defoliation and apical removal. Cover and Maraschini (1983) stated that in Brazil, pearl millet had more biological value than sorghum. In Pergamino, Josifovich and Echeverria (1973) in a field trial obtained 0.383 kg ADG. For Australia, Upton (1978) gives good ADG and total gains per hectare in comparison, with sudangrass or sudangrass hybrid. In previous trials, …

Phosphorus Fertilization And Beef Production On New Seeded Pastures In The Rolled Pampa Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, J Maddaloni, O D. Bertin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In general there were not responses to phosphorus fertiliz­ation in pastures north of Salado River in Buenos Aires prov­ince, even though there are good responses south of this river. In a previous work in Pergamino, a 7 year old fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and white clover (Trifolium re pens) pasture was fertilized with 100 kg calcium superphosphate getting sig­nificant differences in A.D.G. and live weight increase per hec­tare, specially in winter months. There was no response in bot­anical composition, forage digestibility or crude protein content. (Maddaloni et al., 1982). To get the optimum doses for fertilization is not an easy …

Corn Stover In Comparison With Pasture Hay For Beef Production In Temperate Areas Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, J Carrete

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The amount of corn stover left in the fields after the harvest in the humid Pampa of Argentina can be estimated in 18 mil­lions tons. Even large part of these residues are grazed by bovines, in general this is done in fall, after harvest, during short periods (Josifovich, 1975), (Maddaloni, 1981), (Fattet, 1981). Part of this large amount of forage can be transferred to winter as large round bales. The efficiency of these reserves can be more useful in winter, during the dry season. Due to low quality these residues can't be used alone, with confined anim­als (Jackson, 1978; Maddaloni …

Conduite Simplifee Du Paturage En Zone De Demi-Montagne Pour Des Gennisses Et Des Vaches Allaitantes, D Micol, J M. Giraud, L Delaby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les prairies d'altitude du Massif Central sont situees au-dela de 900 m sous un climat oceanique de demi-montagne bien arrose ; elles permettent un paturage de 5 a 6 mois pour Jes bovins. Le potentiel de production de ces pelouses naturelles peut etre ameliore par des elements fertilisants ef par une conduite rationnelle du paturage en rotation (Jeannin et al., 1979). Le cloisonnement du paturage se heurte cependant dans la pratique au cout de mise en place et d'entretien des clotures et aux exigences de suivi necessaires sur des surfaces eloignees des exploitations. L'ensemble des resultats encourageants acquis sur la …

Production De Jeunes Taureaux De Boucherie De Zone De Demi-Montagne Humide, D Micol

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La zone de demi-montagne humide du Massif Central en France est orientee vers Ia production de bovins maigres desti­nes a l'engraissement. Les animaux sont issus des troupeaux allaitants de races rustiques. Ils sont commercialises, en automne, au sevrage a l'age de 7-9 mois ou, pour une partie, a 18-20 mois

Ces productions reposent essentiellement sur !'utilisation de l'herbe paturee ou conservee. Traditionnellement, ces animaux ne sont pas engraisses et abattus clans la zone, en raison de l'absence de ressources alimentaires suffisantes en quantite et en qualite. Cependant, les progres realises sur la maitrise du potentiel herbager permettent de produire de …

Improving Animal Performance By Grazing Clovers, C P. Bagley, J I. Feazel, C C. Willis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Warm-season perennial grasses, such as 'Coastal' bermuda­grass (Cynodon dactylon L.), are characterized as being rela­tively high in yield capabilities but low to moderate in forage quality as compared with cool-season grasses (Wilson, 1984). Legumes can be interseeded into grass sods which can increase both forage yield (Knight, 1970) and animal performance (Blaser et al., 1956; Bagley et al., 1988). Performance of stocker animals has been shown to be much lower during the summer on bermudagrass compared with similar weight steers grazing ryegrass (Bagley, 1987). Legumes may be capable of extending the high performance grazing season of stocker beef past …

Beef Production Based On White Clover: Effects Of Grazing Management, Concentrate Supplementation And Breed Type, R J. Wilkins, S Peel, N H. Yarrow, R H. Johnson, A Fisher

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The use of white clover gives opportunities for the pro­duction of beef at low unit cost with low inputs offertilisers and concentrate feeds. Encouraging results have been obtained in research in Northern Ireland (Stewart and Haycock, 1984) and in Scotland (Younie et al., 1986) with profitability from systems of production of dairy-bred beef on white clover-based swards being of the same order as from grass swards receiving high rates of N fertiliser. Whilst low rates of N were used in the clover-based systems, the possibility of exploiting the high feed­ing value of clover silages (Cook and Wilkins, 1981) and thus …

Production De Viande Bovince Exclusivement A L'Herbe A La Martinique, F Champanhet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A la Martinique, la production de viande bovine par les sys­temes traditionnels d'elevage est insuffisante et de mauvaise qualite, provenant d'animaux trap ages OU trap legers a l'abat­tage. Les essais presentes visent a proposer des systemes d'embou­che plus performants valorisant au mieux les ressources fourra­geres permises en particulier par !'appoint de !'irrigation.

The Effects Of Graminaceous Species And Stocking Rate On Grazing Performance Of Charolais Steers, Francoise Riviere, Odile Colin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High daily intakes of herbage with high digestibility are required to maximise animal production output per hectare from grazing. Tall fescue (TF) is well known for its high herbage pro­duction but its nutritive value may limit animal growth (Jacobson, 1969). Recently progress in sward species selection has provided· new TF cultivars with smooth leaves more digestible and better ingested by animals than the previous cultivars. The purpose of the trials reported here was to study, in com­parison with perennial rye grass (PRG), the influence of new tall fescue cultivars, on steers growth grazing at two stocking rates.

The Effect Of Grazing System And Stocking Rate On Performance Of Charolais Suckler Cows And Calves, A Hardy, P Pelletier, G Brandon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the North Massif Central lowlands of France the grazing management of the Charolais herd on permanent pasture is usually based on free grazing and low levels of nitrogen fertil­izer resulting in low stocking rates i.e. 0,8 to 1,0 cow and calf per hectare. Some authors in France have reported results of grazing beef cows in areas with adequat rainfall in summer (Petit and Muller, 1980; Leblanc et al., 1983) but there is little infor­mation on the response to intensification from herds kept under drought conditions in summer. Four experiments were conducted at Jeu-les-Bois (Indre) in successive years 1978-1981 to …

Production Intensive De Viande Bovine Sur Des Paturages De Haute Belique, M Gielen, P Limbourg, L Istasse, J M. Bienfait

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La prairie permanente occupe une place dominante dans l'economie agricole des regions situees dans le Sud-Est de la Belgique. Cette situation est due a des conditions pedologiques, geographiques et climatiques particulieres, a savoir une altitude elevee pour le pays ( ± 500 m), une pluviosite annuelle reguliere ( ± 1000 m) et une temperature moyenne de !'air faible (7-8°C). Une autre caracteristique de ces regions est la presence d'un important cheptel bovin destine a la production de viande. Ce cheptel de race Blanc Bleu Beige est conduit de plus en plus en systeme de vaches allaitantes avec des periodes de …

Fishmeal, Cottonseed Meal, And Corn Supplements With Rumensin For Stockers Grazing Hybrid Sorghum X Sudangrass Pastures, D Hutcheson, J Mcneill, M Rouguette, B Ellis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle grazing hybrid sorghum x sudangrass pastures during the summer usually gain only 60-7 5 % of their projected gain. The specific cause for this lack of gain is not known. Hybrid sorghum x sudangrass forages are considered adequate in nitrogen for stocker cattle. However, a portion of that nitrogen may be in the form of non-protein nitrogen ; thus, these forages may actually be protein deficient for stocker cattle. Fishmeal appears to be an effective source of escape or by-pass supplementary protein for the ruminant. Cottonseed meal is a typical oil seed meal and is readily available for incorporation …

Utilization Precoce Du Paturage Par Les Veaux D'Origine Laitiere, R Giovanni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La mise a l'herbe precoce des veaux doit favoriser ulterieure­ment leur aptitude au paturage et !'expression de leur potentiel de production a partir de l'herbe, tant pour les males futurs producteurs de viande que pour les genisses de remplacement. Cette technique d'elevage etait a etudier afin de renforcer le role de la prairie paturee par !es jeunes ruminants et de reduire ainsi le co-Gt de leur croissance. Une serie d'experimentations a ete entreprise pour conna'itre les conditions du paturage des veaux nes en fin d'hiver, sevres precocement et mis a l'herbe peu apres. Le poids vif a la mise a …

Evaluation Of Three Tropical Perennial Grasses For Beef Production In South Central Florida, A Larbi, P Mislevy, W F. Brown, M B. Adjei

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Species of the genus Cynodon (Bermudagrasses and star­grasses) have a considerable potential for grazing in southern Florida (Adjei et al., 1980, Pitman et al., 1984). Preliminary evaluation studies indicate that two new stargrass cultivars, Florico and Florona ( Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var nlemfuensis) and Callie Hybrid Bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers Tifton 44 X Callie], may offer alternatives to commercially available cultivars, due to their high forage production, persist­ence, cold tolerance and better nutritive value (Mislevy et al., 1981 and Brown, 1986). Little is known, however, of animal performance on these grasses under grazing. The objective of the study was …

Effects Of Grazing Sainfoin Stubble Fields And Adding With Green Hay On Grass-Lamb Fattening, Fu Yikun, Jia Dujing, Li Guangdi, Dang Bo, Wen Shangwen, Xu Changlin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With its fast turnover, low cost and high nutrition, lamb pro­duction has been developing an important industry of seasonal animal husbandry recently in China. The way of taking lambs from pastoral area and then fattened in farming area is con­sidered to be most effective for lambs can make good use of feeds and climate resources in both farming and pastoral areas. The effects of grazing sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) stubble fields and adding with green hay on two types of lamb fattening were studied by means of measuring live-weight gains, meat quality and carcass output during 1986-1987, and the …

Simplification Du Paturage Pour Vaches Ellaitantes En Region De Demi-Montagne Humide, P D'Hour, J P. Garel, M Petit

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les plateaux herbagers du Nord du Massif Central (France) sont d'altitude moyenne (ll00 m) et beneficient d'un climat oceanique montagnard, permettant une saison de paturage de 5-6 mois. Les prairies naturelles a base de graminees fournis­sent une herbe abondante au printemps, mais leur production estivale peut etre fortement limitee par la pluviometrie. Ces prairies sont utilisees par des troupeaux de vaches allaitantes, sous-alimentees pendant l'hiver, qui doivent reconstituer leurs reserves corporelles au paturage. La croissance au paturage des veaux, allaites par leurs meres, depend de la qualite et de la quantite d'herbe disponible (Petit et Muller, 1980; Leblanc et al, …

Efficiency Of Grazing On Growth And Nutrient Intake Of Dairy Heifers, M Okamoto, I Iketaki, N Hasegawa, N Yoshida

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing has traditionally been recognized as one of the most important labor-saving means in which herbage can be utilized more economically. However, in Japan, the practice of grazing is declining due to improved farm management - more animals per farm, greater harvest yield per area and higher production performance. Grazing animals tend to be healthier and more productive than animals kept in confinement. In addition, feed cost of raising dairy heifers on high pasture system is reduced by more than 50 % relative to the conventional (dry lot) system and to 65 % when the cost oflabor and facilities are …

Management Systems For Growing Fattening Bovine Cattle In Coast Cross Bermudagrass No.1 Without Irrigation, G Vales, A Molina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four experiments were carried out to establish an intensive non-irrigated system with Holstein male calves in coast cross bermuda grass No. 1 (Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast cross 1). Two grazing methods were evaluated. These were : segregating the area for pasture conservation in the rainy season and N fertiliz­ation including the strategy of application combined with different stocking rates.

Beef Production From Digitaria Eriantha Subsp. Eriantha In A Sub-Tropical Environment, M B. Hardy, N N. Gray

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Digitaria eriantha subsp. eriantha, previously known as D. smutsii (Russel and Smook 1980), is a robust perennial grass adapted to a wide range of soils and climatic conditions. In Australia, the species has performed well on a number of sites with soils ranging from« cracking clays to sandy loams» where rainfall varied between 400 and 1000 mm/annum (Strickland 1987). A similar range of adaptability has been recorded in South Africa (Brockett and Gray 1984, Dannhauser 1985). In cutting trials, D. eriantha yielded between 3500 and 15000 kg of dry matter/ha with annual rainfall of 450 and 1200 mm/annum respectively. The …

Beef Production In Guineagrass Pastures With Nitrogen Or Legumes, V Favoretto, L.R. De A. Rodrigues, A G. Chiarello, A.A M. Sampaio, P F. Vieira, E B. Malheiros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Beef production in Brazil is based on the high dry-matter production of tropical grasses, but yields are not always satis­factory. Nitrogen fertilization results in linear increases of dry­matter production (Gomide et al., 1984) and also in the live­weight-gain (LWG) of the animals (Addison et al., 1985). How­ever, due to the high cost of fertilizers, the utilization of grass pastures associated to herbaceous or shrub legumes may be an economic way to increase animal production. The aim of this work was to study the availability of dry-matter and the L WG of steers in Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures fertilized with …

Performance Of Three Beef Cow Genotypes When Grazing Sown Pasture At Two Sward Heights, I A. Wright, J R. Jones, T J. Maxwell, A.J F. Russel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In grassland based systems of animal production, it is important to choose a genotype of animal with production characteristics appropriate to the level of nutrition which can be supplied by the available resources. It is generally recognised that the most economically efficient beef cow systems are those that allow the cows to increase levels of body fat when feed is plentiful or cheap (eg. summer grazing in N. Europe) and to draw on those reserves during periods of feed scarcity or when feed is expensive (eg. winter) (Russel and Broadbent, 1985). The ability of cows to increase body reserves during …

Cow-Calf Performance On Cool Season And Warm Season Pasture Systems, J R. Gerrish, F A. Martz, V A. Johnson, R E. Morrow, G B. Garner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Preweaning growth of beef calves is determined by milk pro­duction of the dam and herbage consumption by the calf. These parameters are impacted by quantity of herbage on offer and nutritive quality of the sward. Forage availability and quality are dependent upon species composition and pasture manage­ment. In the humid temperate regions, both C3 and C4 species are utilized in grazing programs with traditional grazing man­agement being either continuous or very lax rotations. A graz­ing study was undertaken to evaluate the preweaning growth of calves and milk production of their dams as impacted by pas­ture species and intensity of management …

Year-Round Grazing Systems For Beef Production From Conception To Slaughter, V G. Allen, J P. Fontenot, W P. Green, R C. Hammes Jr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Throughout much of the world cattle are produced mainly on forage. High grain yields in the U.S. have led to feeding cat­tle high grain to minimize time in the feedlot, and overhead costs. Recent emphasis on lean meat, diet and health issues has renewed interest in finishing cattle on forages. The objective of this research was to evaluate various forage systems of beef production from conception through slaughter with minimum grain. Effects of forage system during cow-calf and growing phases on performance and carcass characteristics during the finishing phases were evaluated. The research included calves born in late winter-early spring …

Supplements For Calves Fed Autumn Pasture, G F. Wilson, K Wittayanuparpyuenyong, A M. Kassano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production levels achieved by dairy cows, and the growth rates of newly weaned calves, grazing ryegrass/white clover pastures during autumn in New Zealand are normally lower than those achieved during spring (Wilson, 1988), The present experiment was undertaken to compare the effects of milk replacers and concentrate supplementation on the grass intakes and performance of 6-11 week-old calves. A second objective was to investigate if the form in which milk replacer was fed (liquid or powder) influenced the responses. Such infor­mation is required to provide reasons for the poor performance of cattle in the autumn and also to demonstrate …

Effect Of Acremonium Coenophialum Infected Festuca Arundinacea On Cow-Calf Production, J C. Waller, J B. Mclaren, H A. Fribourg, A B. Chestnut, D G. Keltner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the predominant forage available to beef cattle producers in the transition zone of the eastern US. The presence of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jone & Garns has been associated with reduced animal performance that results in substantial economic loss to producers (Bacon and Siegel, 1988; Bush and Burrus, 1988; Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). Cattle producers have used N fertilization to increase productivity of fescue pastures. Renovation of fescue pastures with legumes has been a method of improving pasture quality and the performance of animals grazing those pasture (McLaren et al., 1983).

Soil Fertility And Beef Production In The Semi-Arid Sub-Tropics, P C. Kerridge, R W. Mclean

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two-thirds of the grazing lands in Queensland are on infer­tile soils, low in organic matter, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) (Weston et al., 1981). Pasture quality is low and average liveweight gain (L WG) of steers on these soils ranges from 0.10 to 0.30 kg/day compared to 0.40 to 0.50 kg/day on more fertile soils. Low herbage production limits carrying capacity to 3-10 ha/animal. The nutritive value can be improved by (i) direct supplementation of animals with N and P, (ii) introduction of a legume together with fertilizer and/or supplement P or (iii) use of heavily fertilized improved grasses ± …

Animal Perforamnce On Dwarf Elephantgrass And Rhizoma Peanut Pastures, L E. Sollenberger, C S. Jones Jr, G M. Prine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture systems in the southeastern U.S. are based on peren­nial warm-season grasses, but forage quality of these species is often low during mid-summer through early fall. Two peren­nial forages that were recently released in Florida, 'Mott' dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ; Sollenberger et al., 1988b) and the legume 'Florigraze' rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth. ; Prine et al., 1981), have potential to provide herbage of high quality during May through October. Grazing trials were conducted to determine steer ( Bos spp.) average daily gain (ADG), carrying capacity (CC), and gain ha-1 on Mott and Flozigraze, and to compare these …

Influence Of Forage Availability On Growth And Reproduction Of Brahman-Hereford (F-1) Females Grazing Humid Pastures And Semi-Arid Rangelands, J W. Holloway, F M. Rouquette Jr, C R. Long, M K. Owens, B G. Warrington, A D. Chamrad, J F. Baker, D W. Forrest

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Relationship of forage availability, animal growth, and reproduction have been studied in both humid "improved" pastures (Adje et al., 1980; Guerrero et al., 1984; Bransby et al., 1988) and semi-arid "native" rangelands (Hart, 1972, 1978) but no study has been reported in which the two ecosystems hav�� b��en compared in terms of these relationships. Forage ava1lab1hty 1s one of the primary variables that can be easily controlled by cattle producers and thus the relationship to per­formance and reproduction is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the patterns of relationship between forage availability and animal …

Forage Management System For Lean Beef Production: Nitrogen Rate On Pasture And Roughage Level In Feedlot, F M. Rouquette Jr, L R. Nelson, D P. Hutcheson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fertilizer rates have long been shown to increase forage dry matter production and growth promoting implants have been shown to increase live weight gains during either the stocker or feeder phase. There has been little evidence, however, to ascer­tain the influence of pasture-animal management systems on subsequent feedlot performance. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the influence of rate of fertilizer nitrogen and Zeranol implant on gain per animal and gain per acre ; and (2) determine the influence of previous pasture treat­ment on feedlot performance from two levels of roughage.