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Articles 10351 - 10380 of 254182

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Production De Viande Bovine Et Ovine Sur Prairie Dans Les Monts Sudetes, Janina Fatyga Jun 2025

Production De Viande Bovine Et Ovine Sur Prairie Dans Les Monts Sudetes, Janina Fatyga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Par suite du depeuplement des villages et de !'abandon de la culture dans des zones situees en altitude dans !es Sudetes, on y observe l'accroissement de la superficie des paturages perma­nents. Des 1968, on y cree des zones de pature OU en ete de jeu­nes bovins et des ovins provenant des fermes situees plus bas sont conduits en permanence. L'importance du phenomene est illustre par le fait qu'a present, sur le terrain d'une seule region de Walbrzych, il y a 103 bases de pature d'une superficie de 7.000 ha, appartenant a 54 fermes d'etat ou paissent environ 25.000 ovins et …

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A Standard Livestock Unit (Slu) For Defining Stocking Rate In Grazing Studies, D J. Minson, P C. Whiteman Jun 2025

A Standard Livestock Unit (Slu) For Defining Stocking Rate In Grazing Studies, D J. Minson, P C. Whiteman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The weight of animals and hence their intakes vary between grazing experiments and at different stages of the same study but the results are often presented as though these differences do not affect grazing pressure (Roberts, 1980). Thus we have sheep/ha and cattle/ha, with no indication of the effects that differences in intake and hence grazing pressure might have on the pasture/animal interaction. Pastures are utilized by different classes of stock and there is a need to have a common basis for comparing their productivity. These problems would be over­come by the use of a Standard Livestock Unit (SLU).

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Development Of Edible Coatings To Enhance The Functional Properties And Shelf Life Of Food, Sophie O Riordan, Lily Jaiswal, Shiv Shankar Jun 2025

Development Of Edible Coatings To Enhance The Functional Properties And Shelf Life Of Food, Sophie O Riordan, Lily Jaiswal, Shiv Shankar

Level 3

No abstract provided.

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Development Of Biolymer And Essential Oils-Based Edible Coatings To Enhance The Shelf Life Of Strawberries, Katie Wiseman, Lily Jaiswal, Shiv Shankar Jun 2025

Development Of Biolymer And Essential Oils-Based Edible Coatings To Enhance The Shelf Life Of Strawberries, Katie Wiseman, Lily Jaiswal, Shiv Shankar

Level 3

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Tea Polyphenols On The Emulsifying And Gelling Properties Of Minced Lamb After Repeated Freeze–Thaw Cycles, Xueyan Yun, Ganqi Yang, Limin Li, Ying Wu, Xujin Yang, Aiwu Gao Jun 2025

The Effects Of Tea Polyphenols On The Emulsifying And Gelling Properties Of Minced Lamb After Repeated Freeze–Thaw Cycles, Xueyan Yun, Ganqi Yang, Limin Li, Ying Wu, Xujin Yang, Aiwu Gao

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Minced lamb remains one of the most produced meat products in the meat industry, across both the food service and retail sectors. Tea polyphenols (TPs), renowned for their diverse biological activities, are increasingly being employed as natural food additives in research and development. Tea polyphenols at concentrations of 0.00% (CG), 0.01% (TP1), 0.10% (TP2), and 0.30% (TP3) were added to lamb which had undergone a series of freeze–thaw cycles. The presence of tea polyphenols led to a significant decrease in the number of disulfide bonds, resulting in a slower oxidation rate. In addition, the surface hydrophobicity and juice loss of …

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Agricultural Extension In An Urban Informal Settlement During Covid-19: The Effectiveness Of The “Tanimang Bayan” Initiative In Sitio San Roque, North Triangle, Quezon City, Patrice Bianca R. Yapjoco Jun 2025

Agricultural Extension In An Urban Informal Settlement During Covid-19: The Effectiveness Of The “Tanimang Bayan” Initiative In Sitio San Roque, North Triangle, Quezon City, Patrice Bianca R. Yapjoco

CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed deep inequalities in food access, particularly in urban informal settlements. This study examines the effectiveness of the “Tanimang Bayan” initiative, an urban agriculture project implemented in Sitio San Roque, Quezon City, as a form of agricultural extension during the pandemic. The research adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on data from key informant interviews, participant observation, and secondary sources. Findings indicate that the initiative provided a localized response to food insecurity by enhancing access to fresh produce and promoting community-led production. It also supported collective action and self-organization among residents, strengthening their autonomy in navigating structural limitations. …

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The Dynamic Responses Of The Mouse Gut Microbiome To Dietary Supplementation With Various Anthocyanin-Rich Foods In The Context Of A Western Diet, Abby D. Benninghoff Jun 2025

The Dynamic Responses Of The Mouse Gut Microbiome To Dietary Supplementation With Various Anthocyanin-Rich Foods In The Context Of A Western Diet, Abby D. Benninghoff

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Background/Objectives: Chronic inflammation and Western-style diets elevate colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, particularly in individuals with colitis, a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diets rich in polyphenol-containing functional foods, such as cocoa, may reduce gut inflammation and modulate the gut microbiome. This study examined the effects of cocoa polyphenol (CP) supplementation on inflammation and microbiome composition before, during, and after colitis in mice fed either a healthy or Western diet. We hypothesized that CPs would attenuate inflammation and promote distinct micro-biome shifts, especially in the context of a Western diet. Methods: A 2×2 factorial design tested the effects of basal …

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The Effects Of Hsa-Mir-26a-5p On Cell Proliferation, Migration, And Pi3k Inhibitor Sensitivity In Metformin-Resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Şahi̇ka Cingir Köker, Senem Noyan, Banu Yalçin, İrem Doğan Turaçli Jun 2025

The Effects Of Hsa-Mir-26a-5p On Cell Proliferation, Migration, And Pi3k Inhibitor Sensitivity In Metformin-Resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Şahi̇ka Cingir Köker, Senem Noyan, Banu Yalçin, İrem Doğan Turaçli

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Metformin is commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is being investigated for its potential antiproliferative effects in cancer, particularly in patients with both T2D and malignancies. Drug resistance can develop with any therapeutic agent, and metformin is no exception. As we showed in our previous study, metformin-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MET-R) cells exhibited an EMT-like phenotype. Many transcription factors, as well as miRNAs, can contribute to this altered phenotype. Our current study identifies the contribution of hsa-miR-26a-5p expression to the previously observed phenotype. Materials and methods: By utilizing bioinformatic tools, we identified hsa-miR-26a-5p, whose expression was significantly altered …

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The Myth Of The Bayesian Brain, Madhur Mangalam Jun 2025

The Myth Of The Bayesian Brain, Madhur Mangalam

Journal Articles

The Bayesian brain hypothesis—the idea that neural systems implement or approximate Bayesian inference—has become a dominant framework in cognitive neuroscience over the past two decades. While mathematically elegant and conceptually unifying, this paper argues that the hypothesis occupies an ambiguous territory between useful metaphor and testable, biologically plausible mechanistic explanation. We critically examine the key claims of the Bayesian brain hypothesis, highlighting issues of unfalsifiability, biological implausibility, and inconsistent empirical support. The framework’s remarkable flexibility in accommodating diverse findings raises concerns about its explanatory power, as models can often be adjusted post hoc to fit virtually any data pattern. We …

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American Kestrels (Falco Sparverious) In Row Crop Agriculture Of The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley Of Northeast Arkansas: Factors Influencing Nest And Roost Box Use, Nest Success, And Effects On Agricultural Pests, Ty Spencer Sharrow Jun 2025

American Kestrels (Falco Sparverious) In Row Crop Agriculture Of The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley Of Northeast Arkansas: Factors Influencing Nest And Roost Box Use, Nest Success, And Effects On Agricultural Pests, Ty Spencer Sharrow

Student Theses and Dissertations

Utilizing birds of prey for pest control is a sustainable, environmentally friendly approach to pest management that can benefit not just the environment and human health but also the birds themselves. The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius; hereafter ‘kestrel’) is one such species that can provide pest management services while benefiting from nest boxes used to attract them in agricultural areas. I examined how box and habitat characteristics influenced kestrel box use for nesting, winter roosting, and nest success in the row crop-dominated landscape of northeast Arkansas’ Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. In addition, I assessed kestrel impact on pests by systematically …

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Deliberately Queer Journal Editors' Note For Volume One, Sean Te Maulding, Mel Monier Jun 2025

Deliberately Queer Journal Editors' Note For Volume One, Sean Te Maulding, Mel Monier

Deliberately Queer Journal

No abstract provided.

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Expression Of Concern: Characterization Of Tfiie-Regulated Genes By Transcriptomeanalysis, Serdar Baysal Jun 2025

Expression Of Concern: Characterization Of Tfiie-Regulated Genes By Transcriptomeanalysis, Serdar Baysal

Turkish Journal of Biology

The Editors of Turkish Journal of Biology wish to issue an Expression of Concern regarding the article entitled: “Characterization of TFIIE-regulated genes by transcriptome analysis” by Serdar Baysal published on 20.12.2024. Following the publication of this article, concerns have been raised regarding• Potential violations of academic ethical standards in the published study• Potential intellectual property infringement, including plagiarism• An academic sanction reportedly imposed on the author by the affiliated university following an institutional disciplinary investigation. An investigation is currently underway to assess the validity of these concerns. In accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and …

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Discovery And Characterization Of Selective Lipase-Inhibiting Polyheterocyclic Derivatives: A Combined In Silico And In Vitro Study, Madjda Benguechoua, Mebarka Imane Benguechoua, Khedidja Benarous, Houssem Boulebd, Ibtissem Kadi, Ari̇f Mermer, Yakup Şi̇ri̇n, Alaeddine Kaouka, Mohamed Yousfi Jun 2025

Discovery And Characterization Of Selective Lipase-Inhibiting Polyheterocyclic Derivatives: A Combined In Silico And In Vitro Study, Madjda Benguechoua, Mebarka Imane Benguechoua, Khedidja Benarous, Houssem Boulebd, Ibtissem Kadi, Ari̇f Mermer, Yakup Şi̇ri̇n, Alaeddine Kaouka, Mohamed Yousfi

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Obesity has become a global health crisis with an increasing prevalence, necessitating the search for effective therapies. Schiff base derivatives, known for their broad pharmacological activities, have gained attention as potential antiobesity agents. This study aimed to investigate the lipase inhibitory potential of novel Schiff base derivatives and assess their drug-like properties through in vitro assays and in silico methods. Materials and methods: The lipase inhibitory activity of synthesized Schiff base derivatives was evaluated using in vitro assays, with IC50 values determined for each compound. Additionally, in silico ADMET predictions (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), molecular docking studies, …

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Butyrylcholinesterase (Bche) Downregulation In Taxane Resistance: Implications For Prostate Cancer, Buse Cevatemre, Arda Işiklar, İpek Bulut, Ezgi̇ Karyemez, Hamzah Syed, Ceyda Açilan Jun 2025

Butyrylcholinesterase (Bche) Downregulation In Taxane Resistance: Implications For Prostate Cancer, Buse Cevatemre, Arda Işiklar, İpek Bulut, Ezgi̇ Karyemez, Hamzah Syed, Ceyda Açilan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Despite advancements in chemotherapeutic strategies, drug resistance remains a major barrier to effective cancer treatment. While primary prostate cancers (PC) can be treated with surgery and radiotherapy, treatment options for recurrent PC are limited. Upon progression to the castration-resistant (CR) phase, therapies rely on taxanes (chemotherapeutic drugs) like docetaxel (Dtx) and cabazitaxel (Cbz); however, resistance to taxanes is common in CRPC, highlighting the importance of identifying underlying molecular mechanisms or targets in resistant cells.Materials and methods: In transcriptome (RNA sequencing) analyses comparing taxane-resistant PC cells (resistant to both Dtx and Cbz) with parental (nonresistant, sensitive) cells, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was …

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Proteomic Profiling Of Escherichia Coli Cytoplasmic Proteins Under Sublethal Boric Acid Stress, Beki̇r Çöl, Begüm Hazar Çi̇ftçi̇, Merve Sezer Kürkçü, Esra Di̇bek Jun 2025

Proteomic Profiling Of Escherichia Coli Cytoplasmic Proteins Under Sublethal Boric Acid Stress, Beki̇r Çöl, Begüm Hazar Çi̇ftçi̇, Merve Sezer Kürkçü, Esra Di̇bek

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants and certain bacteria, where it plays critical roles in cellular processes at low concentrations. However, elevated levels of boron-containing compounds, such as boric acid, exhibit antimicrobial toxicity. Although the physiological effects of boric acid on bacteria have been partially characterized, its proteome-wide impacts remain poorly elucidated. This study employs a 2D-PAGE-based proteomic approach to investigate how sublethal boric acid stress alters the cytoplasmic proteome of Escherichia coli BW25113. Materials and methods: E. coli BW25113 cultures were grown to mid-log phase in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and exposed to 70 mM boric acid …

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Screening Of Ccdc43 Molecular Partners By Bioid2-Based Proximity Labeling, Merve Tuzlakoğlu Öztürk Jun 2025

Screening Of Ccdc43 Molecular Partners By Bioid2-Based Proximity Labeling, Merve Tuzlakoğlu Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: CCDC43 (coiled-coil domain containing protein 43) is a eukaryotic protein that contains alpha-helical domains in its structure, consistent with the family to which it belongs. It is predominantly located in the cytosol of the cell. CCDC43 protein has been shown to play a role in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric and colorectal cancer types. The fundamental function and cellular interaction network of this protein, which is known to have varying expression levels in various cancer types, has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID2) screening approach for CCDC43 to …

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Insights Into Therapeutic Discovery Through The Kelch Domain Structure Of Keap1 At Ambient Temperature, Merve Yilmaz, Belgi̇n Sever, Yi̇ği̇t Kutlu, Mehmet Gül, Ceren Okuducu, Serra Tavli, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita, Turkan Hali̇loğlu, Hali̇li̇brahi̇m Çi̇ftçi̇, Hasan Demi̇rci̇ Jun 2025

Insights Into Therapeutic Discovery Through The Kelch Domain Structure Of Keap1 At Ambient Temperature, Merve Yilmaz, Belgi̇n Sever, Yi̇ği̇t Kutlu, Mehmet Gül, Ceren Okuducu, Serra Tavli, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita, Turkan Hali̇loğlu, Hali̇li̇brahi̇m Çi̇ftçi̇, Hasan Demi̇rci̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The Kelch-like-ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) is an integral component of the E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, which binds to Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and facilitates its degradation by the 26S proteasome. The Kelch domain of Keap1, composed of six repeated structural motifs, plays a key role in this interaction. This study aims to investigate the dimeric structure of the Keap1 Kelch domain at ambient temperature and to examine its implications for conformational dynamics, particularly in relation to the DMF and Nrf2 binding sites.Materials and methods: The dimeric crystal structure of the Keap1 Kelch domain was determined at …

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Fda-Approved Drugs As Potential Covalent Inhibitors Of Key Sars-Cov-2 Proteins: An In Silico Approach, Murat Seri̇lmez, Anwar Abuelrub, İsmai̇l Erol, Serdar Durdaği Jun 2025

Fda-Approved Drugs As Potential Covalent Inhibitors Of Key Sars-Cov-2 Proteins: An In Silico Approach, Murat Seri̇lmez, Anwar Abuelrub, İsmai̇l Erol, Serdar Durdaği

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 necessitated rapid development of effective therapeutics, prompting this study to identify potential inhibitors targeting key viral and host proteins: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), main protease (Mpro), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Methods: We used covalent docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to screen FDA-approved compounds against these targets using diverse covalent reaction mechanisms. Top-ranking compounds underwent further evaluation through MD simulations to assess binding stability and conformational dynamics. Results: Several promising drug repurposing candidates were identified: bremelanotide, lanreotide, histrelin, and leuprolide as potential RdRp inhibitors; azlocillin, cefiderocol, and …

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Antiinflammatory Effects Of Cucurbitacins And Sorafenib In Hepg2 Cells By Modulating The Iκb/Nf-Κb/Cox-2 Pathway Through Akt Signaling, Muhammed Mehdi̇ Üremi̇ş, Yusuf Türköz, Nuray Üremi̇ş Jun 2025

Antiinflammatory Effects Of Cucurbitacins And Sorafenib In Hepg2 Cells By Modulating The Iκb/Nf-Κb/Cox-2 Pathway Through Akt Signaling, Muhammed Mehdi̇ Üremi̇ş, Yusuf Türköz, Nuray Üremi̇ş

Turkish Journal of Biology

Aim: Cucurbitacins possess antitumor, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory properties. This study aims to examine the antiinflammatory effects of CuD, CuI, and CuE on NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and Akt and compare their cytotoxic and antiinflammatory effects on HepG2 cells with sorafenib, the primary chemotherapeutic agent used in HCC treatment. Methods: Cytotoxic effects of cucurbitacins and sorafenib on HepG2 cells were evaluated using MTT and LDH assays, along with Annexin V, MMP, and comet assays. Levels of proteins related to the Akt/NF-κB pathway and COX-2, iNOS, and NO were also measured. Results: Our study showed that CuD, CuI, CuE, and sorafenib have antiproliferative …

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Novel Mrsa-Targeting Phage Metb16: Genomic Features, Structural Insights, And Therapeutic Applications, Berna Erdoğdu, Senanur Dokuz, Görkem Güngör, Wei Lin, Yigang Tong, Tüli̇n Özbek Jun 2025

Novel Mrsa-Targeting Phage Metb16: Genomic Features, Structural Insights, And Therapeutic Applications, Berna Erdoğdu, Senanur Dokuz, Görkem Güngör, Wei Lin, Yigang Tong, Tüli̇n Özbek

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Recent reports have indicated that multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, may pose a significant threat to public health and global economic stability. Materials and methods: In this study, we present the isolation and comprehensive characterization of a novel phage, derived from clinically isolated MRSA strains. Results: MetB16 exhibited an incubation period of approximately 20 min, a lysis period of around 45 min, and a burst size of 127 Plaque Forming Units (PFU)/cell. The phage demonstrated remarkable biological stability across a pH spectrum of 4.0–9.0 and maintained integrity within a temperature range of 37 and –80 °C. …

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Encorafenib, Cetuximab, And Mfolfox6 In Braf-Mutated Colorectal Cancer, Elena Elez, Takayuki Yoshino, Lin Shen, Sara Lonardi, Eric Van Cutsem, Cathy Eng, Tae Won Kim, Harpreet Singh Wasan, Jayesh Desai, Fortunato Ciardiello, Rona Yaeger, Timothy S Maughan, Van K Morris, Christina Wu, Tiziana Usari, Robert Laliberte, Samuel S Dychter, Xiaosong Zhang, Josep Tabernero, Scott Kopetz, Breakwater Trial Investigators Jun 2025

Encorafenib, Cetuximab, And Mfolfox6 In Braf-Mutated Colorectal Cancer, Elena Elez, Takayuki Yoshino, Lin Shen, Sara Lonardi, Eric Van Cutsem, Cathy Eng, Tae Won Kim, Harpreet Singh Wasan, Jayesh Desai, Fortunato Ciardiello, Rona Yaeger, Timothy S Maughan, Van K Morris, Christina Wu, Tiziana Usari, Robert Laliberte, Samuel S Dychter, Xiaosong Zhang, Josep Tabernero, Scott Kopetz, Breakwater Trial Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: First-line treatment with encorafenib plus cetuximab (EC) with or without chemotherapy (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil [mFOLFOX6]) for BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, an aggressive subtype with a poor prognosis, was compared with standard care (chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab) in an open-label, phase 3 trial, which showed significance regarding one of the two primary end points, objective response according to blinded independent central review (odds ratio for EC+mFOLFOX6 vs. standard care, 2.44; one-sided P< 0.001). This result led to accelerated Food and Drug Administration approval of this investigational combination therapy for BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, including as first-line therapy. Data on progression-free survival (the second primary end point) and an updated interim analysis of overall …

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Mis-Splicing-Derived Neoantigens And Cognate Tcrs In Splicing Factor Mutant Leukemias, Won Jun Kim, Edie I Crosse, Emma De Neef, Inaki Etxeberria, Erich Y Sabio, Eric Wang, Jan Philipp Bewersdorf, Kuan-Ting Lin, Sydney X Lu, Andrea Belleville, Nina Fox, Cynthia Castro, Pu Zhang, Takeshi Fujino, Jennifer Lewis, Jahan Rahman, Beatrice Zhang, Jacob H Winick, Alexander M Lewis, Robert F Stanley, Susan Dewolf, Brigita Meškauskaitė Urben, Meril Takizawa, Tobias Krause, Henrik Molina, Ronan Chaligne, Priya Koppikar, Jeffrey Molldrem, Mathieu Gigoux, Taha Merghoub, Anthony Daniyan, Smita S Chandran, Benjamin D Greenbaum, Christopher A Klebanoff, Robert K Bradley, Omar Abdel-Wahab Jun 2025

Mis-Splicing-Derived Neoantigens And Cognate Tcrs In Splicing Factor Mutant Leukemias, Won Jun Kim, Edie I Crosse, Emma De Neef, Inaki Etxeberria, Erich Y Sabio, Eric Wang, Jan Philipp Bewersdorf, Kuan-Ting Lin, Sydney X Lu, Andrea Belleville, Nina Fox, Cynthia Castro, Pu Zhang, Takeshi Fujino, Jennifer Lewis, Jahan Rahman, Beatrice Zhang, Jacob H Winick, Alexander M Lewis, Robert F Stanley, Susan Dewolf, Brigita Meškauskaitė Urben, Meril Takizawa, Tobias Krause, Henrik Molina, Ronan Chaligne, Priya Koppikar, Jeffrey Molldrem, Mathieu Gigoux, Taha Merghoub, Anthony Daniyan, Smita S Chandran, Benjamin D Greenbaum, Christopher A Klebanoff, Robert K Bradley, Omar Abdel-Wahab

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mutations in RNA splicing factors are prevalent across cancers and generate recurrently mis-spliced mRNA isoforms. Here we identified a series of bona fide neoantigens translated from highly stereotyped splicing alterations promoted by neomorphic, leukemia-associated somatic splicing machinery mutations. We utilized feature-barcoded peptide-MHC dextramers to isolate neoantigen-reactive T cell receptors (TCRs) from healthy donors, patients with active myeloid malignancy, and following curative allogeneic stem cell transplant. Neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells were present in the blood of patients with active cancer and had a distinct phenotype from virus-reactive T cells with evidence of impaired cytotoxic function. T cells engineered with TCRs recognizing …

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Changes In Immune-Regulated Gene Methylation Over Time In Women Who Do And Do Not Develop Breast Cancer, Kyle Laney Jun 2025

Changes In Immune-Regulated Gene Methylation Over Time In Women Who Do And Do Not Develop Breast Cancer, Kyle Laney

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer survivors face elevated risks of chronic inflammatory conditions and immunedysfunction compared to the general population. These elevated health risks in survivors are well-documented but mechanistically poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal changes in DNA methylation patterns of immune-regulatory genes in women who developed breast cancer compared to cancer-free controls. We conducted an EWAS using Sister Study cohort data, analyzing longitudinal changes in DNA methylation by comparing the difference in beta values between pre- and post-diagnosis time points in breast cancer cases versus changes over the same period in cancer-free controls. The analysis included 414 participants: 189 …

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Emergence Of Caenocoris Neri (Germar, 1847) On Fig Trees In The Oases Of Southeastern Algeria, Nacima Diab, Tesnim Deghiche, Khalila Bengouga, Vasily Vladimirovich Verkhoturov Jun 2025

Emergence Of Caenocoris Neri (Germar, 1847) On Fig Trees In The Oases Of Southeastern Algeria, Nacima Diab, Tesnim Deghiche, Khalila Bengouga, Vasily Vladimirovich Verkhoturov

Journal of Bioresource Management

The article considers materials related to current areas of fundamental research in the field of agricultural entomology in Algeria. The most important issues of agricultural entomology in Algeria include identifying patterns of general trends in the dynamics of geographic ranges of phyto-entomophagous under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors, as well as studying the adaptation of insects to new habitats and food supply. In a notable discovery during insect sampling conducted in the oasis ecosystem during the summer of 2019, researchers recorded and identified individuals of the species Caenocoris nerii (Germar, 1847) for the first time. These insects were …

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The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus Vanellus Linnaeus, 1758), A New Species In The List Of Charadriidae In The Western Steppes Of Algeria, Youcefi Ahmed Toufik, Litim Kouider Jun 2025

The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus Vanellus Linnaeus, 1758), A New Species In The List Of Charadriidae In The Western Steppes Of Algeria, Youcefi Ahmed Toufik, Litim Kouider

Journal of Bioresource Management

This manuscript aims to authenticate the presence of a species of wild bird: Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus Linnaeus, 1758), which represents a first in the western steppes areas of Algeria. The sighting was recorded in the treated wastewater treatment plant west of the municipality of Mécheria. The phonological status of this species can be classified as a passing visitor. This presence can be justified by the food rules of the Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus Linnaeus, 1758) which is insectivorous and finds in this area prey on which it feeds.

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Dietary Organic Selenium Supplementation Improved Some Gross Morphological Parameters And Biochemical Characteristics Of Testes In Young Male Kids, Nadia Rahim, Moolchand Malhi, Asma Babar, Muhammad Awais Soomro, Shazia Rahim Jun 2025

Dietary Organic Selenium Supplementation Improved Some Gross Morphological Parameters And Biochemical Characteristics Of Testes In Young Male Kids, Nadia Rahim, Moolchand Malhi, Asma Babar, Muhammad Awais Soomro, Shazia Rahim

Journal of Bioresource Management

Selenium (Se) plays a vital role in improving reproductive health in ruminants. This study evaluated the impact of Se supplementation on testicular health in young male goats. Twenty goats (2–3 months old, 8.5–10 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (C, n=10) receiving a basal diet (0.037 mg Se/kg) and Se-Yeast (SY, n=10) supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg diet. The trial lasted eight weeks. Results showed that testis weight was significantly higher in the SY group (26.8 ± 2.5 g) compared to C (22.4 ± 2.1 g, p < 0.05). Testis length, width, and circumference also increased significantly in SY goats (4.5 ± 0.3 cm, 2.9 ± 0.2 cm, and 7.4 ± 0.4 cm, respectively) compared to control (3.9 ± 0.4 cm, 2.5 ± 0.3 cm, and 6.7 ± 0.5 cm; p < 0.05). Serum cholesterol was higher in SY (135.27 ± 2.34 mg/dl) than in C (121.15 ± 8.74 mg/dl, p = 0.02), while triglycerides were lower (95.99 ± 1.37 vs. 114.38 ± 1.84 mg/dl, p = 0.0003). HDL increased (51.97 ± 2.10 vs. 45.02 ± 1.32 mg/dl, p = 0.03), and LDL decreased (54.23 ± 1.81 vs. 61.27 ± 1.56 mg/dl, p = 0.02) in SY group. Total serum protein rose significantly (8.14 ± 0.79 vs. 5.25 ± 0.06 mg/dl, p = 0.03), as did testosterone levels (1.95 ± 0.08 vs. 1.43 ± 0.06 ng/ml, p = 0.002). In conclusion, selenium supplementation significantly improved testicular morphology, lipid profile, protein levels, and testosterone, indicating enhanced reproductive health in goats.

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Utilization Of Watermelon Rind Waste Powder For Developing Bakery Products, Babar Khan, Asadullah Marri, Nida Shaikh, Asif Irshad Jun 2025

Utilization Of Watermelon Rind Waste Powder For Developing Bakery Products, Babar Khan, Asadullah Marri, Nida Shaikh, Asif Irshad

Journal of Bioresource Management

Watermelon rind waste powder (WRWP) is a rich source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds; hence it could be used to develop functional foods such as bakery products. The present study aimed to utilize WRWP in bakery products development. The treatments included: T1 = Cake without WRWP, T2 = Cake with 10 % WRWP, T3= Cake with 20 % WRWP, T4= Biscuit without WRWP, T5 = Biscuit with 10 % WRWP, T6 = Biscuit with 20 % WRWP. The physicochemical and nutritional properties of watermelon rind waste powder were also determined. The …

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Enhancement Of Phenolic, Flavonoid, And Biological Activi-Ties In Fermented Pea (Pisum Sativum) Extracts Via Frac-Tionation, Anastasia Fitria Devi, Euis Filailla, Setyani Budiari, Hani Mulyani, Nina Artanti Jun 2025

Enhancement Of Phenolic, Flavonoid, And Biological Activi-Ties In Fermented Pea (Pisum Sativum) Extracts Via Frac-Tionation, Anastasia Fitria Devi, Euis Filailla, Setyani Budiari, Hani Mulyani, Nina Artanti

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this study, peas were fermented for 24 h using either Rhizopus oligosporus or Aspergillus oryzae. The resulting fermented peas, along with unfermented peas, were extracted using either methanol or water. The methanol extracts showed greater improvements following fermentation compared to the water extracts, as shown by the IC50 values, which progressed from >500 to ≤200 µg/mL, as determined via the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Consequently, further fractionations focused on the methanol extracts of the fermented peas. Six bands were resolved on thin-layer chromatography plates for each extract. Their positions demonstrated significant effects (p < 0.05) on bioactivity. The bottom band (i.e., Band 1) exhibited approximately 70% inhibition, as determined via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and 35% inhibition according to the ABTS method, while the other bands displayed lower to negligible inhibition. Band 5 displayed 85–97% cytotoxicity, while Band 1 did not show any cytotoxicity. The total phenolic content (TPC) of Band 1 and the total flavonoid content (TFC) of Band 6 increased 4.4- and 8.9-fold, respectively, compared to those of the unfractionated extracts. Furthermore, a correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between TFC and the three observed bioactivities. The different cultures significantly (p < 0.05) affected the antioxidant activity of either the fermented pea extracts or the resulting bands, as determined via the DPPH method. These results indicated that fermentation enhanced the antioxidant activity of peas. Subsequent fractionations separated and concentrated compounds from the fermented peas, improving the bioactivities, TPC, and TFC of the resulting fractions.

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Synthesis Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Hordeum Vulgare Leaf Extract And Their Antibacterial Activity, Mohamed M. Sehree, Shakir Ghazi Gergees, Pakhshan A. Hassan Jun 2025

Synthesis Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Hordeum Vulgare Leaf Extract And Their Antibacterial Activity, Mohamed M. Sehree, Shakir Ghazi Gergees, Pakhshan A. Hassan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Plant extracts and gold nanoparticles are promising alternatives for combating antibiotic resistance in light of the increasing bacterial resistance. Leaf extract of barley was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Barley gold nanoparticles (BL-AuNPs) were produced by adjusting some reaction parameters. These BL-AuNPs were characterized through employing the UV-visible spectroscopy technique, the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). BL-AuNPs were tested for antibacterial efficacy against two strains of Gram-negative bacteria, clinically isolated and considered as multidrug-resistant pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii and Salmonella typhi. The antimicrobial efficiency of the compounds was evaluated …

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The Impact Of Microplastics On Water Quality, Heavy Metals, And Health Risks In Bioflocbased Tilapia Farming Systems, Dian Rizky Afriani, Deswati Deswati, Rahmiana Zein, Putri Ramadhani Jun 2025

The Impact Of Microplastics On Water Quality, Heavy Metals, And Health Risks In Bioflocbased Tilapia Farming Systems, Dian Rizky Afriani, Deswati Deswati, Rahmiana Zein, Putri Ramadhani

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Along with microplastics, pollution of heavy metals, including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), in freshwater ecosystems poses a serious environmental threat that can adversely affect human health. This study investigates the use of biofloc technology to reduce microplastic and heavy metal contamination while improving water quality. By utilizing microbial aggregates that capture microplastic and heavy metal particles through flocculation and biosorption processes, four experimental treatments were applied, i.e.: A (without biofloc and microplastics); B (with biofloc, without microplastics); C (with biofloc and low-density polyethylene microplastics); and D (with biofloc and high-density polyethylene microplastics). The results indicate that fish …

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