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Full-Text Articles in Business

Dental Practice Success Special Issue: Financial Foundations For The New Dentist (January 2021), American Dental Association, Publishing Division Jan 2021

Dental Practice Success Special Issue: Financial Foundations For The New Dentist (January 2021), American Dental Association, Publishing Division

Dental Practice Success

No abstract provided.


Anti-Consumption In The Context Of Brand Relationships, Marc Fetscherin, Raghabendra Kc Jan 2021

Anti-Consumption In The Context Of Brand Relationships, Marc Fetscherin, Raghabendra Kc

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a conceptual model that outlines the various brand relationships consumers have with a special focus on negative brand relationships that relates to anti-brand behaviors.

Based on the empathy map, the model consists of four main parts: how consumers think (share of mind) and feel (share of heart) about brands, which in turn effects what consumers say (share of voice) and do (share of wallet) with them.

The model combines more than 40 branding concepts into one comprehensive, coherent, unified and easy-to-understand model where concepts are categorized by their degree of intensity.


Large-Scale Renewable Energy Penetration – A Quantitative Analysis Of Political Determinants Of Renewable Energy And Its Impact On Electricity Price Volatility Transmission And Corporate Financial Performance, Abdul Abban Jan 2021

Large-Scale Renewable Energy Penetration – A Quantitative Analysis Of Political Determinants Of Renewable Energy And Its Impact On Electricity Price Volatility Transmission And Corporate Financial Performance, Abdul Abban

Theses

This thesis presents four studies on renewable energy. In this thesis, we analyse the political determinants of renewable energy investment in Chapter 2, evaluate the interaction effect between government system and governance quality on renewable energy investment in Chapter 3, estimate the impact of renewable energy on electricity prices and volatility transmission across the Australian regional markets in Chapter 4 and finally investigate the bi-directional causation between environmental and financial performance in Chapter 5.

The findings from Chapter 2 show that both the left and central-orientated governments promote renewable energy investment more than the right-orientated government. Although the presidential system …


Capital Structure Choices In Australian Indigenous Corporations: An Investigation Into The Health And Community Service Industry, João Manuel Da Costa Canoquena Jan 2021

Capital Structure Choices In Australian Indigenous Corporations: An Investigation Into The Health And Community Service Industry, João Manuel Da Costa Canoquena

Theses

The growing significance of incorporated legal structures of exclusive use for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people has been sustained by both an increase in the registration of Indigenous corporations (ICs) and their recent low rate of deregistration. This progress can be undermined by ineffective debt management, which has, thus far, been handled by the regulator mostly through the tightening of the legal framework under which ICs operate.

Despite its importance in protecting members’ accumulated funds and keeping ICs solvent, debt management by ICs has not benefited from the literature on capital structure choices (the choices between financing through debt …


In These Unprecedented Times: A Critical Incidents Technique Examination Of Students’ Perceptions Of Satisfying And Dissatisfying Learning Experiences, Scott Swanson, J Charlene Davis, Mario V. Gonzalez Fuentes, Kim R. Robertson Jan 2021

In These Unprecedented Times: A Critical Incidents Technique Examination Of Students’ Perceptions Of Satisfying And Dissatisfying Learning Experiences, Scott Swanson, J Charlene Davis, Mario V. Gonzalez Fuentes, Kim R. Robertson

School of Business Faculty Research

Higher education has and continues to be sharply disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, our focus is on the pandemic’s impact on higher education, specifically on undergraduate marketing students’ perceptions of learning experiences during the switch from traditional face-to-face learning to online approaches. Understanding student perspectives on which specific aspects of their learning experience were satisfying or dissatisfying offers faculty valuable insight as to how to navigate this (for many) new teaching environment and enhance student experiences and outcomes. Collecting data during spring semester 2020 offers a unique view from students as universities abruptly pivoted from previously …


Exploring Work Environment Standards In Saudi Arabia Companies, Yousef Almalki Jan 2021

Exploring Work Environment Standards In Saudi Arabia Companies, Yousef Almalki

Graduate Research Papers

This research aimed to ascertain whether the organizations operating in Saudi Arabia are implementing work environment standards. The study adopted mixed research methods to realize this aim by collecting data from both secondary and primary sources. The secondary data were quantitative and collected from credible internet sources, while primary data were qualitative. The population sample consisted of 12 employees from four different companies implying three participants for every company. After data analysis through thematic analysis, the findings revealed that Saudi Arabia's companies are implementing work environment standards. The results also indicated that a favorable work environment leads to employee job …


Takin' Care Of Small Business: The Rise Of Stakeholder Influence, William P. Jimenez, Xiaohong (Violet) Xu, Emily D. Campion, Andrew A. Bennett Jan 2021

Takin' Care Of Small Business: The Rise Of Stakeholder Influence, William P. Jimenez, Xiaohong (Violet) Xu, Emily D. Campion, Andrew A. Bennett

Management Faculty Publications

In this Exchange, we consider three crucial boundary conditions that Barnett, Henriques, and Husted (2020) overlooked in their model of diminished stakeholder influence. Although we agree that social media platforms have weakened stakeholder influence in certain conditions, such is not the case for all firms, all stakeholders, or all situations. Drawing from socio-cognitive and self-determination theories, we contend that (a) independent, owner-managed small firms present a context wherein information overload is rendered less of an issue because the information about the firm is more salient to locals; (b) stakeholders can be motivated to influence firms via social media platforms, which …


A Qualitative Exploration Of Ticket-Pricing Decisions In Intercollegiate Athletics, Craig A. Morehead, Stephen L. Shapiro, Lamar Reams, Chad Mcevoy, Timothy M. Madden Jan 2021

A Qualitative Exploration Of Ticket-Pricing Decisions In Intercollegiate Athletics, Craig A. Morehead, Stephen L. Shapiro, Lamar Reams, Chad Mcevoy, Timothy M. Madden

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Ticket sales represent a significant revenue stream for NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision athletic departments, yet little is known about how administrators determine prices for those tickets. Utilizing strategic planning as the primary framework and supplemented by stakeholder theory, this study examines ticket-pricing decisions from the viewpoint of athletic administrators with various departmental responsibilities to better understand the role of ticket pricing in intercollegiate sport. Twenty athletic administrators, representing two Power 5 and two Group of 5 institutions, were interviewed about their experiences with ticket pricing. In addition to common pricing objectives related to revenue, patronage, and operations, administrators also suggested …


Vertical Mergers In A Model Of Upstream Monopoly And Incomplete Information, Serge Moresi, David Reitman, Steven C. Salop, Yianis Sarafidis Jan 2021

Vertical Mergers In A Model Of Upstream Monopoly And Incomplete Information, Serge Moresi, David Reitman, Steven C. Salop, Yianis Sarafidis

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

We examine the role of private information on the impact of vertical mergers. A vertical merger can improve the information that is available to an upstream monopolist because, after the merger, the monopolist can observe the cost of its downstream merger partner. In the pre-merger world, because the costs of the downstream firms are private information, the monopolist has incomplete information and cannot implement the monopoly outcome: The expected pre-merger equilibrium price of the downstream product is lower than the monopoly price. After a vertical merger, the equilibrium input price that is charged to the downstream rival can either increase …


Higher Education Efficiency And Quality, Marcin Dwórznik, Krzysztof Opolski Jan 2021

Higher Education Efficiency And Quality, Marcin Dwórznik, Krzysztof Opolski

Studia i Materiały Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytet Warszawski

The efficiency and the quality of higher education institution was assessed with the use of process approach. The efficiency of the higher education institution was determined on the basis of a combination of typical financial measures, taking into account costs incurred in the process of didactics and research, and expenditures (measured by current liquidity, stock turnover, receivables and liabilities ratios) necessary for schools to maintain financial liquidity. As measures of quality, related to statutory tasks of the university, the factors determining graduates’ situation on the labour market as well as patents obtained as a result of research conducted by university …


Modern Auction Mechanisms For The Media Market, Joanna Rachubik, Dorota Mirowska-Wierzbicka, Wojciech Zawadzki, Maciej Wilamowski, Krzysztof Fiok, Wojciech Maciejewski, Mateusz Szczurek Jan 2021

Modern Auction Mechanisms For The Media Market, Joanna Rachubik, Dorota Mirowska-Wierzbicka, Wojciech Zawadzki, Maciej Wilamowski, Krzysztof Fiok, Wojciech Maciejewski, Mateusz Szczurek

Studia i Materiały Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytet Warszawski

Online advertising is one of the most dynamically developing forms of advertising in the Polish market. This paper aims to review existing auction mechanisms for pricing and selling online advertisements. The analysis of the available solutions, including their advantages and disadvantages, such as usefulness in determining the advertisers’ willingness to pay, allows for the indication of practical recommendations for the use of specific auction mechanisms for the media market in Poland. The presented solutions can be considered an alternative to the traditional method of concluding purchase/selling transactions of advertising space.


Profitable Retail Customer Identification Based On A Combined Prediction Strategy Of Customer Lifetime Value, Yinglu Sun, Dong Cheng, Subir Bandyopadhyay, Wei Xue Jan 2021

Profitable Retail Customer Identification Based On A Combined Prediction Strategy Of Customer Lifetime Value, Yinglu Sun, Dong Cheng, Subir Bandyopadhyay, Wei Xue

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

As a fundamental concept of customer relationship management, customer lifetime value (CLV) serves as a crucial metric to identify profitable retail customers. Various methods are available to predict CLV in different contexts. With the development of consumer big data, modern statistics and machine learning algorithms have been gradually adopted in CLV modeling. We introduce two machine learning algorithms—the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) and the random forest (RF)—in retail customer CLV modeling and compare their predictive performance with two classical models—the Pareto/NBD (HB) and the Pareto/GGG. To ensure CLV prediction and customer identification robustness, we combined the predictions of the …


Specialization And Institutional Investors’ Performance – Evidence From Publicly Traded Real Estate, Eli Beracha, George D. Cashman, Hilla Skiba Jan 2021

Specialization And Institutional Investors’ Performance – Evidence From Publicly Traded Real Estate, Eli Beracha, George D. Cashman, Hilla Skiba

Finance Faculty Research and Publications

We examine the extent to which 50,620 global institutional investors’ specialization in publicly traded real estate securities is related to their investment performance. Consistent with the information advantage theory (Merton Journal of Finance 42, 483–510, 1987; Van Nieuwerburgh and Veldkamp Journal of Finance, 64, 1187–1215, 2009), we show a positive relation between the percentage of the institution’s portfolio invested in real estate securities and the return generated on those securities. Moreover, we present evidence that the institution’s level of active share to real estate securities is positively related to performance. Additionally, we find that the benefits related to …


Digital Disruption Solution For Airlines In Brazil, Camila Bisinoto Borges, Cristiane Lunardi Das Neves Rodrigues, Daniel Dias Landroni, Tatiane Mendonça, Leila Halawi Jan 2021

Digital Disruption Solution For Airlines In Brazil, Camila Bisinoto Borges, Cristiane Lunardi Das Neves Rodrigues, Daniel Dias Landroni, Tatiane Mendonça, Leila Halawi

Publications

Since March 2017, the cost of denied boarding began to draw all Brazilian airlines' attention because of the Resolution 400 of the Brazilian National Civil Aviation Agency. This Resolution covers several items, but we will focus on the penalty that the airlines need to pay for each passenger who had his boarding denied involuntarily in domestic flights. Our goal is to create a plugin that any airline could use in their self-service check-in channels and direct communication with the passenger. It could also become a way to offer proactive accommodation options and monetary compensations due to itinerary or ticket schedule …


When Fairness Fails: Using Territorial Behaviors To Cope With Uncertainty, Christopher Stein Jan 2021

When Fairness Fails: Using Territorial Behaviors To Cope With Uncertainty, Christopher Stein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Research on territorial behaviors in organizations is an emerging field (Brown, Crossley, & Robinson, 2014). Current theoretical approaches to territoriality rely heavily on a psychological ownership perspective; however, there is a wealth of theory organizational scholars can integrate from other disciplines (Altman, 1975; Ardrey, 1965; Brown, Lawrence, & Robinson, 2005). The purpose of this dissertation is to integrate an evolutionary perspective into organizational scholarship to explore new antecedents of territoriality. This research draws upon uncertainty management theory to hypothesize a moderated-mediated model predicting territorial behaviors. A measurement instrument is developed to test territoriality and findings from a three-wave field study …


The Role Of Emotions In Consumer Behavior, Aysu Senyuz Jan 2021

The Role Of Emotions In Consumer Behavior, Aysu Senyuz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Feelings and thoughts are inseparable in decision making process. As social beings, individuals frequently integrate their emotions in relation to other people in their consumption choices. In my two dissertation essays, I seek to examine the role of emotions on consumption decisions. In the first essay, I explore the impact of self-transcendent emotion of awe on preferences for limited edition products. Findings across seven studies indicate that awe-eliciting appeals commonly used in the promotion of limited edition products decrease consumer preferences towards those products. This effect is due to reduced feelings of connection for individuals feeling awe in response to …


Nonprofit Capacity To Manage Hurricane-Pandemic Threat: Local And National Perspectives On Resilience During Covid-19, Nicole S. Hutton, Steven W. Mumford, Marina Saitgalina, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Joshua G. Behr, Rafael Diaz, John J. Kiefer Jan 2021

Nonprofit Capacity To Manage Hurricane-Pandemic Threat: Local And National Perspectives On Resilience During Covid-19, Nicole S. Hutton, Steven W. Mumford, Marina Saitgalina, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Joshua G. Behr, Rafael Diaz, John J. Kiefer

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

This paper examines nonprofits' capacity for responding to simultaneous hurricane-pandemic threat, addressing: (1) strategies nonprofits use to deliver services during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) how natural hazards may affect nonprofit roles in emergency service delivery during a pandemic. Data come from a survey of New Orleans-based nonprofits demonstrating effects of pandemic on local nonprofit service delivery, and workshops with U.S. coastal community stakeholders exploring expectations for nonprofit roles in emergency operations nationwide. Nonprofits have applied resilient strategies including virtual operations, staff reductions, and funding diversification, but vulnerabilities remain. Findings guide a research agenda for building nonprofit and community resilience.


J Mich Dent Assoc January 2021 Jan 2021

J Mich Dent Assoc January 2021

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • A cover story on “The Dentist’s Role in Recognizing Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children”.
  • A feature article, “Dental Sleep Medicine Education: Do You Want a Nap or a Full Night’s Sleep?”.
  • The feature article, “In-office Plans: Where Are We Now? What Have We Learned?”
  • News you need, Editorial and regular department articles on MDA Foundation activities, …


Co2 Reduction Measures In The Aviation Industry: Current Measures And Outlook, Florian Mathys, P. Wild, J. Wang Jan 2021

Co2 Reduction Measures In The Aviation Industry: Current Measures And Outlook, Florian Mathys, P. Wild, J. Wang

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This article gives a holistic overview of the current CO2 reduction measures and analyses the effectiveness of measures that are feasible for implementation in the future. To achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement, the aviation industry needs to implement reduction measures because of its forecasted growth and contribution to global warming. The focus is set on CO2 reduction measures, categorized in technology, operations, infrastructure/air traffic management (ATM), and market-based measures. The most promising long-term technologies to reduce CO2 emissions are hydrogen-powered aircrafts and sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). In terms of operations, CO2 emissions can be …


Percepción Del Director Escolar Sobre El Liderazgo Servidor En Las Escuelas Cinco Estrellas En Arecibo, Puerto Rico, Enrique Antonio Cordero Soto Jan 2021

Percepción Del Director Escolar Sobre El Liderazgo Servidor En Las Escuelas Cinco Estrellas En Arecibo, Puerto Rico, Enrique Antonio Cordero Soto

Theses and Dissertations

El propósito de la investigación fue Indagar la percepción de los directores escolares de las escuelas cinco estrellas sobre el liderazgo servidor. Los mismos tendrán una evaluación sobre su liderazgo en sus entornos escolares y si ellos son partes de sus logros, tanto en lo administrativo, clima escolar y aprovechamiento académico de los estudiantes. Los propósitos del estudio fueron determinar si existía una relación entre su liderazgo como directores escolares y el líder servidor, el reconocimiento de las cualidades y ventajas sobre el liderazgo de servicio y como relaciona el impacto de servicio en la clasificación de las escuelas y …


The Relationship Between Bodyweight Status And Weight Perception Explains Differences In Calories Ordered In A Food Choice Exercise, Jean-Claude Mbarushimana, Christopher Gustafson, Henriette Gitungwa, Eliana Zeballos Jan 2021

The Relationship Between Bodyweight Status And Weight Perception Explains Differences In Calories Ordered In A Food Choice Exercise, Jean-Claude Mbarushimana, Christopher Gustafson, Henriette Gitungwa, Eliana Zeballos

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Understanding food choice is critical to be able to address the rise in obesity rates around the globe. In this paper, we examine the relationship between measured (BMI, using self-reported height and weight) and perceived weight status with the number of calories ordered in a controlled online food choice exercise. A total of 1044 participants completed an online food choice exercise in which they selected ingredients for a sandwich from five categories: meat/protein, cheese, spread/dressing, bread, and vegetables. We examine the number of calories ordered by participants and use linear regression to study the relationship of BMI category relative to …


Tracking School-To-Work Transition Among The Youth In The Philippines, Futoshi Yamauchi, Marites Tiongco Jan 2021

Tracking School-To-Work Transition Among The Youth In The Philippines, Futoshi Yamauchi, Marites Tiongco

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This paper examines wage variations and turnovers using a unique tracking survey data of Filipino youth who were initially sampled at Grade 6. The analysis also uses mathematics and English test scores at Grade 6 to proxy for cognitive abilities. The empirical results show that returns to education and ability increase with labor market experience and occupational upgrading. The study highlights the importance of academic achievements, measured by both years of schooling completed and academic test scores, in upgrading occupations of youth to realize higher returns in the labor market, even though many youths often start with irregular and undesirable …


Foundations Of Publicly Subsidized Sport Stadiums: The Case Of U.S. Bank Stadium, Tanner P. Jerome Jan 2021

Foundations Of Publicly Subsidized Sport Stadiums: The Case Of U.S. Bank Stadium, Tanner P. Jerome

Health and Nutritional Sciences Graduate Students Plan B Capstone Projects

This study aims to address the common considerations concerning publicly subsidized sport stadiums. To provide an in-depth illustration into this process, a case study narrative of the Minnesota Vikings’ journey to receiving a public subsidization totaling $498 million for the construction of the U.S. Bank Stadium is presented. As sport stadiums seemingly incorporate more luxurious amenities each year, it is not uncommon to see the price tag for a professional stadium to surpass a billion dollars. Given this colossal cost, it has become difficult for private investments to finance an entire stadium alone. Therefore, combining the private financing of a …


Local Restaurants’ Marketing And Sponsorship Within Collegiate Athletics, Brianna M. Vig Jan 2021

Local Restaurants’ Marketing And Sponsorship Within Collegiate Athletics, Brianna M. Vig

Health and Nutritional Sciences Graduate Students Plan B Capstone Projects

Corporate sponsorships, trademark licensing, and broadcasting rights within college athletics have become a multibillion-dollar business over the past decade. However, a gap in research exists within local businesses sponsorship of college athletics. Many college towns heavily rely on local businesses, specifically restaurants, to attract and retain sports fans. The purpose of this study is to examine local restaurants’ marketing strategies, community relations, and other sponsorship donations impacting the involvement of its collegiate sport sponsorship at the mid-major conference level. Purposeful sampling was used to include two local restaurant owners who participate in sport sponsorship in a Midwest college team. Semi-structured …


Entrepreneurship Education And Founding Passion: The Moderating Role Of Entrepreneurial Family Background, Younggeun Lee, Andrés Felipe Cortés, Minjoo Joo Jan 2021

Entrepreneurship Education And Founding Passion: The Moderating Role Of Entrepreneurial Family Background, Younggeun Lee, Andrés Felipe Cortés, Minjoo Joo

WCBT Faculty Publications

In this paper, we examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion. Despite the advancement of entrepreneurship education literature and the increasing focus on entrepreneurship education in business schools, we lack empirical exploration on how entrepreneurship education can impact students’ passion for founding new organizations. We hypothesize that students who take entrepreneurship classes would develop high levels of founding passion due to a great perception of skills and abilities that increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions about the entrepreneurship process. Moreover, we draw on the literature on role models to suggest that students’ entrepreneurial family background (students whose …


Current State Of Captive Hotels: Usa Point Of View, Kirsten Tripodi, Miguel Bendrao Baltazar, Reg Foucar-Szocki Jan 2021

Current State Of Captive Hotels: Usa Point Of View, Kirsten Tripodi, Miguel Bendrao Baltazar, Reg Foucar-Szocki

WCBT Faculty Publications

The importance of on-campus hotels, also called captive hotels, is explored as a case study through three lenses: the academic institution and faculty, the student learner, and the hotel operator. The three populations are defined with specific benefits, opportunities, and barriers detailed for each community. A database of current hotels-on college campuses with Tourism & Hotel Management (T&HM) programs of study in the United States is presented as an Appendix to the chapter.


How To Not Disappear Completely: Using Video-Based Discussions To Enhance Student Social Presence In An Online Course, Alexander Milovic, Rebecca Dingus Jan 2021

How To Not Disappear Completely: Using Video-Based Discussions To Enhance Student Social Presence In An Online Course, Alexander Milovic, Rebecca Dingus

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

This paper proposes a video-based discussion learning exercise to consider in addition to the traditional online discussion board format. While the traditional written interaction between students in an online classroom is beneficial, the mass adoption of video technology, along with limitations associated with online discussion boards, led to the development of a new way to facilitate group communication using video communication technology. Utilizing the theory of social presence, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this video discussion format, allowing students to virtually "get to know" each other and collaborate in an environment that more closely resembles a traditional face-to-face classroom experience. …


Comparison Of Voluntary Versus Mandatory Vaccine Discussions In Online Health Communities: A Text Analytics Approach, Massara Alazazi, Bin Wang Jan 2021

Comparison Of Voluntary Versus Mandatory Vaccine Discussions In Online Health Communities: A Text Analytics Approach, Massara Alazazi, Bin Wang

Information Systems Faculty Publications

Vaccines are vital health interventions. However, they are controversial and some people support them while others reject them. Social media discussion and big data are a rich source to understand people’s insights about different vaccines and the related topics that concern most of them. This study aims to explore the online discussions about mandatory and voluntary vaccines using text analysis techniques. Reddit social platform is popular in online health discussion and thus data from Reddit is analyzed. The results show that different aspects are discussed for different types of vaccines. The discussion of mandatory vaccines is more interactive and is …


Ethical Use Of Beauty In Advertising, Koca Chan Jan 2021

Ethical Use Of Beauty In Advertising, Koca Chan

Honors Theses and Capstones

The use of beauty images in advertising has been generally deemed to be unethical in society, based on the general negative presupposition in modern western culture. The ethicalness of the display of high standards of beauty in advertisements is especially controversial and questionable in the advertising industry. Advertising watchdogs, social groups, and individuals have investigated the possibility of banning the display of high standards of beauty to be displayed in advertisings and publications. This paper argues that image advertising of high beauty standards may not be necessarily unethical in all situations. And under certain conditions, by considering and combining image(s) …


6g Enabled Smart Infrastructure For Sustainable Society: Opportunities, Challenges, And Research Roadmap, Abotinam Lucky Imoize, Oluwadara Adedeji, Nistha Tandiya, Sachin Shetty Jan 2021

6g Enabled Smart Infrastructure For Sustainable Society: Opportunities, Challenges, And Research Roadmap, Abotinam Lucky Imoize, Oluwadara Adedeji, Nistha Tandiya, Sachin Shetty

VMASC Publications

The 5G wireless communication network is currently faced with the challenge of limited data speed exacerbated by the proliferation of billions of data-intensive applications. To address this problem, researchers are developing cutting-edge technologies for the envisioned 6G wireless communication standards to satisfy the escalating wireless services demands. Though some of the candidate technologies in the 5G standards will apply to 6G wireless networks, key disruptive technologies that will guarantee the desired quality of physical experience to achieve ubiquitous wireless connectivity are expected in 6G. This article first provides a foundational background on the evolution of different wireless communication standards to …