Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Commons^™

Mechanical And Structural Behavior Of As-Built And Post Treated Ti6al4v Lattice Structures Fabricated By Selective Laser Melting (Slm), Hala Ahmed Salem

Theses and Dissertations

Lattice structure is a type of cellular structures that is composed of repeatable unit cells, each of which is formed of interconnect network of struts. Lattices with different structures are gaining attention for their good mechanical properties for light weight applications. Selective laser melting (SLM), is one of the AM powder-bed fusion fabrication techniques. SLM is widely known for its capability for fabricating complex metallic structures such as lattice structures with high resolution. SLM process influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of fabricated parts. The used processing parameters influence the level of internal porosity within the fabricated parts which directly …

Meeting The Needs Of The 21st Century Workforce: Nanotechnology Safety Training, Dominick E. Fazarro, Walt Trybula

Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development

Developing an education effort in a completely new field is very difficult at best. The identification of a need for Nano-Safety education was realized and promoted in 2006. It took a combined effort among a number of institutes of higher-education to even raise the awareness of a need for an education effort. Developing a new area requires not only expertise in the field but plans on how to develop the material to be covered, how to present the material, and how to evaluate the results of the program developed. There are many steps required to be successful. The OSHA Susan …

Nanoscale Colocalization Of Fluorogenic Probes Reveals The Role Of Oxygen Vacancies In The Photocatalytic Activity Of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires, Meikun Shen, Tianben Ding, Steven T. Hartman, Fudong Wang, Christina Krucylak, Zheyu Wang, Che Tan, Bo Yin, Rohan Mishra, Matthew D. Lew, Bryce Sadtler

Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations

Defect engineering is a strategy that has been widely used to design active semiconductor photocatalysts. However, understanding the role of defects, such as oxygen vacancies, in controlling photocatalytic activity remains a challenge. Here, we report the use of chemically triggered fluorogenic probes to study the spatial distribution of active regions in individual tungsten oxide nanowires using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The nanowires show significant heterogeneity along their lengths for the photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals. Through quantitative, coordinate-based colocalization of multiple probe molecules activated by the same nanowires, we demonstrate that the nanoscale regions most active for the photocatalytic generation of …

Buckling Of Blue Phosphorus Nanotubes Under Axial Compression: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Shiping Jiang, Huiling Wu, Liangzhi Kou, Chun Tang, Chengyuan Wang, Changfeng Chen

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We report on mechanical properties of blue phosphorus nanotubes (BluePNTs) from systematic molecular dynamics simulations, adopting a Stillinger-Weber potential with parameters determined by fitting to energetic and structural data from first-principles calculations. Our results corroborate the previously reported bending poison effect and size-dependent buckling behaviors. Under axial compression, current simulations predict a shell-to-column buckling mode transition for BluePNTs with increasing aspect ratios; further compression of BluePNTs with large aspect ratios results in a column-to-shell buckling mode transition. Associated critical buckling strains can be described by the continuum mechanics theory. We also simulated buckling behavior of black phosphorus nanotubes (BlackPNTs) and …

Graphene/Oxide Interactions With Polymer Networks Modeled Using Molecular Dynamics, Matthew Alan Reil

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to its unique physical properties, graphene has shown great promise as an additive to Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) for material property enhancement. Achieving homogeneous dispersion of the graphene platelets within a polymeric network is critical to realizing these enhancements. Research has shown that achieving homogeneous dispersion of graphene platelets within PMCs is challenging as graphene is immiscible with most polymeric networks. This work used Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to demonstrate dispersion of graphene platelets within PMCs is inhibited by molecular surface charge potentials. Further simulations were conducted to demonstrate functionalized forms of graphene, specifically graphene oxide, have altered surface …

Investigating New Methods To Develop Perovskite Solar Cells, Amani Hussain Alfaifi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Discovering the potential of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHP) as a harvesting material in solar cells has strongly affected the research direction in solar energy. The fascinating optical and electronic properties offered by MHP combined with tremendous effort from scientists around the world have improved the efficiency to about 25% in a decade.

In the first part of the dissertation, we studied the lamination process as a new fabrication method for producing self-encapsulated perovskite solar cells based on laminating half stacks,as opposed to the conventional layer-by-layer method. Our work focused on optimizing the lamination process of complex triple cations perovskite …

Improved Contacts And Device Performance In Mos2 Transistors Using 2d Semiconductor Interlayers, Kraig Andrews

Wayne State University Dissertations

The rapid growth of modern electronics industry over the past half-century has been sustained by the continued miniaturization of silicon-based electronics. However, as fundamental limits approach, there is a need to search for viable alternative materials for next-generation electronics in the post-silicon era. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted much attention due to their atomic thickness, absence of dangling bonds and moderately high carrier mobility. However, achieving low-resistance contacts has been major impediment in developing high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) based on 2D semiconductors. A substantial Schottky barrier (SB) is often present at the metal/2D-semicondcutor interface, …

Using Strontium Coated Clay Nanoparticles For Bone Regeneration And Other Biomedical Applications, Anusha Elumalai

Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this project is to coat halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with strontium in an ecofriendly, simple, and non-expensive process. These particles, when doped in calcium phosphate cements (CPC), are predicted to increase the osteoconductive and antibacterial properties of three dimensional (3D) printed bone scaffolds.

The purpose of the 3D printed bone scaffolds is to assume the same function as the bones they are replacing but with several additional functionalities. These biomaterials will have the ability to be resorbed as new bone is formed. Due to inherent osteogenic factors and antibiotics released from doped HNTs during the reparative process, it …

Hierarchical Mechanisms Of Lateral Interactions In High- Performance Fibers, Taylor A, Stockdale, Daniel P. Cole, Jeffrey M. Staniszewski, Michael R. Roenbeck, Dimitry Papkov, Steve R. Lustig, Youris A. Dzenis, Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The processing conditions used in the production of advanced polymer fibers facilitate the formation of an oriented fibrillar network that consists of structures spanning multiple length scales. The irregular nature of fiber tensile fracture surfaces suggests that their structural integrity is defined by the degree of lateral (interfacial) interactions that exist within the fiber microstructure. To date, experimental studies have quantified interfacial adhesion between nanoscale fibrils measuring 10−50 nm in width, and the global fracture energy through applying peel loads to fiber halves. However, a more in-depth evaluation of tensile fracture indicates that fiber failure typically occurs at an intermediate …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Balance And Walking Improvements In An Adolescent With Cerebral Palsy (Gmfcs Ii) And Autism After Motor-Assisted Elliptical Training, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Thad W. Buster, Judith M. Burnfield

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose: To quantify the impact of motor-assisted elliptical (ICARE) training on cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and walking function of an adolescent with walking limitations due to cerebral palsy.

Materials and methods: A thirteen-year-old boy with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System II) and autism participated. Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO₂, primary outcome measure), oxygen cost of walking, Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), modified Timed Up and Go (mTUG), 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and gait characteristics (speed, cadence, step length, single support time) were assessed prior to and after completion of 24 sessions of moderate- to vigorous- intensity ICARE …

In Vitro Atherosclerosis Disease Model Via The Ring Stacking Method, Cameron Brandon Pinnock

Wayne State University Dissertations

Creation of an in vitro atherosclerotic disease model using the novel Ring Stacking Method. Singular self-assembling tissue rings made up smooth muscle cells and fibrin hydrogel are stacked on one another to create a tissue engineered vessel. These biologically engineered blood vessels are then seeded with endothelial cells via combined static rotational and dynamic bioreactor in order to create a functional intima layer. Early stage atherosclerosis was induced via the addition of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) to the fibrin hydrogel that creates the media layer of the engineered vessel. After the creation of the intima layer the engineered vessel was …

Three-Dimensional Characterization Of Peripapillary Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Basement Membrane Layer In Patients Following Lumbar Puncture, Junfei Tong, Pengfei Dong, Sachin Kedar, Deepta Ghate, Linxia Gu

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose: To develop and test an innovative semi-automatic method for quantifying the three-dimensional morphology of the peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium-basement membrane (ppRPE/BM) layer, with application to lumbar puncture (LP) patients. Methods: Nineteen patients undergoing LP were recruited. The optic nerve head images of both eyes were acquired in 12 radial directions using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after LP. For each OCT image, the ppRPE/BM layer was automatically segmented with manual corrections by independent graders when necessary. The linear regression model of the ppRPE/BM layer was fitted using the least squares approach, and the ppRPE/BM layer angle was measured …

Roboticdeviceswithonboard Control And Related Systems And Devices, Shane Michael Farritor, Erik Mumm, Philip Chu, Nishant Kumar, Jason Dumpert, Yutaka Tsutano

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The embodiments disclosed herein relate to various medical device components, including components that can be incorporated into robotic and/or in vivo medical devices. Certain embodiments include various modular medical devices for in vivo medical procedures.

Role Of Interfacial Transition Zones In The Fracture Of Cu/V Nanolamellar Multilayers, Siyuan Wei, Shijian Zheng, Lifeng Zhang, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Xianping Wang, Jiangwei Wang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Plastic deformation and fracture behavior of Cu/V nanoscale metallic multilayers (NMMs) were systematically investigated through in situ transmission electron microscopy testing. Two different types of interfaces: sharp interfaces and interfacial transition zones (ITZs), formed in the as-fabricated Cu/V NMMs. Upon deformation, sharp interfaces and ITZs exert distinct influences on the fracture behavior of Cu/V NMMs. Sharp interfaces can impede the crack propagation by deflecting the crack propagation and blunting the crack tip, while the ITZs can induce microcracks and facilitate the fracture process. These findings shed light on the important roles of interface structures in the deformation of a broad …

Low- And High-Drag Intermittencies In Turbulent Channel Flows, Rishav Agrawal, Henry C.-H. Ng, Ethan A. Davis, Jae Sung Park, Michael D. Graham, David J.C. Dennis, Robert J. Poole

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Recent direct numerical simulations (DNS) and experiments in turbulent channel flow have found intermittent low- and high-drag events in Newtonian fluid flows, at Reτ = uτh/ν between 70 and 100, where uτ, h and ν are the friction velocity, channel half-height and kinematic viscosity, respectively. These intervals of low-drag and high-drag have been termed “hibernating” and “hyperactive”, respectively, and in this paper, a further investigation of these intermittent events is conducted using experimental and numerical techniques. For experiments, simultaneous measurements of wall shear stress and velocity are carried out in a channel flow facility using hot-film anemometry (HFA) and laser …

Pretreatment Of Loblolly Pine Tree Toppings (Needled) Using Dess, Prathima Gujjula

Master's Theses

Contemporary industrial development and swift urbanization require environmentally sustainable energy sources. Ethanol made from biomass provides unique environmental and economic strategic benefits and can be considered a safe and clean liquid fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Ethanol’s significant advantages, such as low cost, biodegradability, and abundance, make the application of biomass for production of biorenewable energy favorable. However, biomass must be subjected to pretreatment processes to liberate the components needed for effective enzymatic hydrolysis that converts cellulose to sugars prior to fermentation to create biofuel. Production of valueadded co-products besides biofuels, through coordinated bio refinery processes, requires selectivity during pretreatment. …

Nanofabrication And Characterization Of An Enzyme-Less Electrochemical Biosensor For Creatinine Detection, Anas Belharsa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study will reveal the fabrication and development of an enzyme-less biosensor for creatinine detection. The biosensor involves a periodically patterned nano-porous TiO2 deposited with Au nanoparticles via e-beam evaporation and a layer of Imprinted Polymer (IP) of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide to obtain a heterostructure of I-Au-TiO2. The detection methods of creatinine are based on electrochemical measurements using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The IP-Au-TiO2 sensor shows a detection LOD of 0.0949ng/mL and 0. 0.218ng/mL for EIS and DPV measurements, respectively. The nanofabricated biosensor was tested in the presents of urea, glucose, lactose, …

Nanotechnologies: A Review Of Inventions And Utility Models. Part V, L. A. Ivanov, L. D. Xu, E. S. Bokova, A. D. Ishkov

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

The article provides an abstract review of patents. The results of creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, being implemented, allow achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and community services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention "A method to produce dry construction mixtures" refers to manufacturing of building materials, in particularly, to manufacture of dry construction mixtures (DCM) by the method of joint mechanoactivation of cement and dolomite, with further modification of them with carbon nanostructures (CNT). The technical result of the given method of mixing …

Interfacial Current Distribution Between Helium Plasma Jet And Water Solution, Sui Wang, Dingxin Liu, Zifeng Wang, Yifan Liu, Qiaosong Li, Xiaohua Wang, Michael G. Kong, Mingzhe Rong

Bioelectrics Publications

The plasma-liquid interaction holds great importance for a number of emerging applications such as plasma biomedicine, yet a main fundamental question remains about the nature of the physiochemical processes occurring at the plasma-liquid interface. In this paper, the interfacial current distribution between helium plasma jet and water solution was measured for the first time by means of the splitting electrode method, which was borrowed from the field of arc plasma. For a plasma plume in continuous mode, it was found that the mean absolute current distribution at the plasma-liquid interface typically had an annular shape. This shape could be affected …

Multi-Well Plate Channel Device With Reversible Seals, Haipeng Zhang, Timothy Wei, Sangjin Ryu

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease which causes over 26,000 yearly deaths in the United States. This disease involves accumulation of substances in arterial walls (or plaques) that occurs frequently to arterial regions experiencing low shear stress, such as bends and bifurcations. A possible reason of plaque growth in arterial walls is the change of endothelial cell (EC)’s shape, which is related to fluid shear stresses tangentially acting on intimal layer (the EC surface) of the arterial wall. Lambert et al. studied the relationship between EC shape and shear stress (Lambert et al., 2019) using a BioFlux system (Fluxion Bioscienes) and …