Debate: The Constitutionality Of Stop-And-Frisk In New York City,
2013
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School
Debate: The Constitutionality Of Stop-And-Frisk In New York City, David Rudovsky, Lawrence Rosenthal
All Faculty Scholarship
Stop-and-frisk, a crime prevention tactic that allows a police officer to stop a person based on “reasonable suspicion” of criminal activity and frisk based on reasonable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous, has been a contentious police practice since first approved by the Supreme Court in 1968. In Floyd v. City of New York, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ruled that New York City’s stop-and-frisk practices violate both the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. Professors David Rudovsky and Lawrence Rosenthal debate the constitutionality of stop-and-frisk in New York City in light of …
Fox In The Henhouse: A Study Of Police Officers Arrested For Crimes Associated With Domestic And/Or Family Violence,
2013
Bowling Green State University
Fox In The Henhouse: A Study Of Police Officers Arrested For Crimes Associated With Domestic And/Or Family Violence, Philip M. Stinson, John Liederbach
Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
The problem of violence within police families has been increasingly recognized as an important socio-legal issue, but there is a lack of empirical data on what has commonly been referred to as officer-involved domestic violence (OIDV). There are no comprehensive statistics available on OIDV and no government entity collects data on the criminal conviction of police officers for crimes associated with domestic and/or family violence. Prior self-report officer surveys are limited by the tendency to conceal instances of family violence and the interests of officers to maintain a "code of silence" to protect their careers. The purpose of the current …
Best Practices For Drug Court: How Drug Court Judges Influence Positive Outcomes,
2013
Minnesota State University - Mankato
Best Practices For Drug Court: How Drug Court Judges Influence Positive Outcomes, Karen Lynn Stimler
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
Drug courts are an important component in the criminal justice system directed toward efforts of rehabilitation of drug and alcohol addiction that lessens the rate of recidivism. Drug court is the alternative to incarceration and traditional addiction treatment. Drug court has been characterized as therapeutic adjudication. Using "Best Practices," drug courts staffed by a judge, court team, and community partners individualize treatment protocols to motivate participant compliance and lessen the impact of the social milieu that impacts his or her recovery. Drug courts have been deemed successful in part due to the role of the judge. This research sought to …
"Emotional Landscapes" And The Value Of Sex: Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Sex Workers' Clients,
2013
Wilfrid Laurier University
"Emotional Landscapes" And The Value Of Sex: Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Sex Workers' Clients, Zoey K. Jones
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Clients of sex workers face criminalization and stigmatization in Canada and across the globe; they are commonly depicted by their stereotypes in entertainment and news media and have become a more visible population with the advent of the internet and online erotic review boards. However, these people are infrequently represented by their own voices and stories in academic research and, as such, the reality of being a client is not encompassed by the existing literature. An accurate and comprehensive understanding of the sex industry is particularly important in the twenty-first century, as the laws surrounding sex work in Canada – …
Would Violent Offenders Benefit From Participation In Drug Court?,
2013
Minnesota State University - Mankato
Would Violent Offenders Benefit From Participation In Drug Court?, Arica Marlene Burke
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
The benefits and implications of allowing violent offenders to participate in federally funded drug court programs was studied. Fourteen drug court team members gave their professional opinion about the potential benefits and implications of allowing violent offenders to participate in drug court programs. The survey results showed support for the hypothesis; however, narrative answers showed that the majority of members of the drug court team would not be in favor allowing violent offenders to participate in drug court programs.
Natural Law & Lawlessness: Modern Lessons From Pirates, Lepers, Eskimos, And Survivors,
2013
University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School
Natural Law & Lawlessness: Modern Lessons From Pirates, Lepers, Eskimos, And Survivors, Paul H. Robinson
All Faculty Scholarship
The natural experiments of history present an opportunity to test Hobbes' view of government and law as the wellspring of social order. Groups have found themselves in a wide variety of situations in which no governmental law existed, from shipwrecks to gold mining camps to failed states. Yet the wide variety of situations show common patterns among the groups in their responses to their often difficult circumstances. Rather than survival of the fittest, a more common reaction is social cooperation and a commitment to fairness and justice, although both can be subverted in certain predictable ways. The absent-law situations also …
Ua12/8 Annual Campus Security & Fire Report,
2013
Western Kentucky University
Ua12/8 Annual Campus Security & Fire Report, Wku Police
WKU Archives Records
This report is designed to provide students, prospective students, parents, faculty, and staff with accurate crime statistics, information on university services, and crime prevention programs. These programs are designed to help inform our campus community about safety practices that will help reduce the risk of becoming a victim of crime. These safe practices can provide individuals with vital information that they can carry with them through college and beyond, keeping them safe for the rest of their lives.
Control Fraud In America: Are We Structurally Encouraging Control Fraud?,
2013
Eastern Michigan University
Control Fraud In America: Are We Structurally Encouraging Control Fraud?, Emmanuel J. Connell
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Control fraud, defined as a criminal in control of a company using it as a weapon and shield to defraud others and makes it difficult to detect and punish the fraud, has become a social epidemic (Black, 2005, 1); (Wheeler & Rothman, 1982, 1403). Since the savings and loans scandal of the 1980's, control frauds have been looting and manipulating others virtually unchallenged by any government regulatory agencies. White collar control frauds cause billions of dollars in damage to the public annually, while that of street crime causes far less damage in the range of millions. Despite the disparity in …
Law Enforcement Personnel And Lawmaking,
2013
Parkland College
Law Enforcement Personnel And Lawmaking, Katrina Roberts
A with Honors Projects
Police officers have the difficult job of reconciling two deeply held but conflicting values: our desire to be safe and secure and our strong belief in the right of individuals to be free from government coercion and excessive control. How law enforcement officers and departments handle this conflict has a direct bearing on how the public sees them. As a culture, we expect our police officers to be able to balance these goals, but when they veer off too far we criticize them. At the extreme, too heavy a focus on order and safety may border on police brutality.
Seeing Is Believing: The Csi Effect Among Jurors In Malicious Wounding Cases,
2013
Virginia Commonwealth University
Seeing Is Believing: The Csi Effect Among Jurors In Malicious Wounding Cases, Corey Call, Amy K. Cook, John D. Reitzel, Robyn D. Mcdougle
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
With the popularization of television crime shows that focus heavily on forensic science, such as CSI and its spin-offs, concerns about a new threat to jury trials have emerged in recent years. Dubbed the “CSI effect,” this phenomenon has reportedly come to influence the way jurors perceive forensic evidence at trials based on the way forensic evidence is presented on television. While the CSI effect has been the topic of much discussion throughout the popular press, the CSI effect has seldom been empirically tested. In this study, we present a selection of media accounts as well as criminological and …
Developing A Typology Of Juvenile Sex Offenders,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
Developing A Typology Of Juvenile Sex Offenders, Creaig Anthony Dunton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Understanding juvenile sex offenders is of the utmost importance in order to ensure effective treatment and reduce recidivism. A more thorough recognition of this population is the best option in preventing future offending, because most adult sex offenders began their criminal careers in adolescence. Extant typologies of this population have been limited to be only descriptive or not empirically verified and thus of limited use. Hierarchical cluster analysis is used to develop a taxonomy based upon the content of case files from two juvenile treatment programs, based upon demographic information, offense details, psychological and behavioral issues, and participation in treatment. …
The New Welfare State : Reconsidering The Welfare-Crime Nexus,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
The New Welfare State : Reconsidering The Welfare-Crime Nexus, Colin Gruner
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A sizeable body of literature has found that welfare reduces crime, but the majority of these studies have used data from before 1996. In 1996 the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) radically changed the welfare system of the United States. Control of welfare programs shifted from the federal government to the states and PRWORA increased the emphasis on getting people off welfare via the introduction of lifetime limits on the receipt of aid and mandatory participation in work programs for able-bodied recipients. Consistent with this emphasis, researchers have documented a precipitous drop in caseload sizes across the …
Capital Punishment In The Lone Star State : A County-Level Analysis Of Contextual Effects On Sentencing,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
Capital Punishment In The Lone Star State : A County-Level Analysis Of Contextual Effects On Sentencing, Jennifer Lynn Owens
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In its landmark decision, Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court held all existing death penalty statutes unconstitutional, largely due to the arbitrary nature of the capital sentencing processes that resulted from them. In response to the Furman decision, several states revised their death penalty statutes to address the Court's concerns. Although the Court upheld the newly-drafted statutes in Gregg v. Georgia (1976) and its companion cases, subsequently reinstating the death penalty, intrastate variation in death sentencing suggests that the death penalty may continue to be applied in an arbitrary and capricious manner inconsistent with the Eighth Amendment. This dissertation …
Socially Situated Identities Of Gay Gang- And Crime-Involved Men,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
Socially Situated Identities Of Gay Gang- And Crime-Involved Men, Vanessa R. Panfil
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Within the criminological literature, gay men have primarily been portrayed as victims of anti-gay bias crimes or intimate partner violence, or as sex workers and/or drug users. This coverage, which is limited in scope, largely fails to recognize that gay men have agency (choice or power to control the situation). It also provides an incomplete picture regarding gay men's involvement in gangs, violence, and crime.
Factors Related To Recidivism Among Mentally Disordered Offenders : Differential Impact Of Historical And Dynamic Clinical Indicators Across Risk Level,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
Factors Related To Recidivism Among Mentally Disordered Offenders : Differential Impact Of Historical And Dynamic Clinical Indicators Across Risk Level, Lori J. Torgersen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Understanding the factors related to recidivism among mentally disordered offenders is important so that criminal justice and mental health systems can prioritize resources to intervene with those most likely to reoffend by targeting factors that are most likely to reduce risk. While there is a sound body of literature identifying the predictors of recidivism among non-disordered adult offenders, the same inquiry in the case of mentally disordered offenders has been more equivocal.
The Inter-Rater Reliability Of A Multi-Factor Sex Offender Risk Classification System : An Experimental Simulation,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Inter-Rater Reliability Of A Multi-Factor Sex Offender Risk Classification System : An Experimental Simulation, Elizabeth Rahmberg Walsh
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This research is an experimental simulation that explores the interrater reliability of a multi-factor sex offender risk classification system, specifically, the system outlined by the Massachusetts Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA). In Study 1, professionals holding the terminal degree in their field and qualified for appointment to the Sex Offender Registry Board administered the Massachusetts Classification Worksheet to four sex offender cases. Study 2 involved the use of master's level participants (including professionals with master's degrees and graduate student participants) to administer the Massachusetts Classification Worksheet to the same four sex offender cases. Participants assessed the offenders' risk as either …
Gentrification And Crime In New York City 1980-2009,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
Gentrification And Crime In New York City 1980-2009, Michael Scott Barton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
It is a well supported fact that crime rates in cities across the United States increased between the 1960s and 1980s before dramatically declining during the 1990s. While scholars agree that this decline occurred, they continue to debate the cause of the decline (Greenberg, 2013; Zimring, 2011). References to changes in neighborhood crime rates as a result of gentrification have been common in previous research on gentrification, but only a few studies have empirically assessed the association between gentrification and crime. Kreager, Lyons, and Hays (2011), Papachristos, Smith, Scherer, and Fugiero (2011), and Smith (2012), who utilized innovative measures of …
Dynamics Of Drug Markets : An Examination Of Arrestee Drug Acquisition Behavior,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
Dynamics Of Drug Markets : An Examination Of Arrestee Drug Acquisition Behavior, Tanya T. Meisenholder
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Using data from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program, and from the 2000 U.S. Census, this exploratory study examined drug market acquisition behaviors and how this behavior differs by drug type, user characteristics, and across locations. A descriptive and comparative assessment of drug markets and acquisition behavior revealed substantial differences within and across drug types. This wide variation was evident across drug market clientele and across locations, regardless of the measure considered. The analysis also demonstrated that this data can be used to identify drug buyers that may also be drug sellers. Hierarchical and K-means cluster analysis was used …
What Are The Key Competencies, Qualities, And Attributes Of The African American Municipal Police Chief?,
2013
Antioch University - PhD Program in Leadership and Change
What Are The Key Competencies, Qualities, And Attributes Of The African American Municipal Police Chief?, Patrick Oliver
Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses
The purpose of this dissertation was to identify and understand the dimensions of leadership of those African Americans, who are effective as the chief executive officer (CEO) of a municipal law enforcement agency, and thereby to educate and inform both those aspiring to be police chiefs and those presently serving as police chiefs, particularly African Americans. Four content areas were examined to gain a better understanding of the research question: (1) Police executive leadership literature; (2) African American leadership; (3) The trait theory of leadership; (4) emotional intelligence. Study participants were all African American police chiefs with the expertise and …
Knowledge Of Juvenile Sex Offender Registration Laws As A Predictor Of Adolescent Sexual Behavior,
2013
University at Albany, State University of New York
Knowledge Of Juvenile Sex Offender Registration Laws As A Predictor Of Adolescent Sexual Behavior, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Margaret C. Stevenson, Tisha Ra Wiley
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Because juveniles can now be registered as sex offenders, we conducted a pilot study to investigate awareness of these policies and sexual behavior histories in a convenience sample of 53 young adults (ages 18 to 23, 79% women). These preliminary data revealed that 42% percent of participants were unaware that youth under the age of 18 can be registered as sex offenders, and when informed that they can be, participants were unaware of the breadth of adolescent sexual behavior that warrants registration. Furthermore, those unaware of juvenile registration policies, compared to those who were aware, were marginally more likely to …
