Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Maltreated Multiracial Youth, Harpreet Kaur

UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones

Lemos-Miller and Kearney (2006) first identified depression as a meditator of (1) dissociation and posttraumatic cognitions and (2) PTSD in maltreated children. In addition, they found that African American status weakened the mediating relationship, whereas multiracial status strengthened the mediating relationship. Multiracial youth in Lemos-Miller and Kearney's study experienced a stronger relationship between depression and PTSD than other ethnic groups.

The present study evaluated the Lemos-Miller and Kearney (2006) model of PTSD among a larger sample of multiracial youth. The present study sought to identify whether the Lemos-Miller and Kearney (2006) finding regarding multiracial youth could be replicated. The ...

Boundaries Of A Complex World, Andrei Ludu

Andrei Ludu

No abstract provided.

The Reentry Of Young Offenders: A Look At Successful Reintegration, Samantha Bellmore

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

This qualitative study looks at the experiences of youth reentering their communities after serving a custodial sentence. Interviews were conducted from the perspectives of five key informants, including youth counselors and probation officers. Based on these conversations, the nuances of youth reentry were explored in-depth. These pages contain personal stories regarding the successes and challenges that come with reentry and reentry programming. Based on the findings and relevant literature, recommendations and suggestions on how to improve reentry are made. Further, in contrast to dominant recidivism-based understandings of success, this study promotes a more holistic understanding of successful reentry outcomes.

The Influence Of Task Demands And Experience On Diagnostic Accuracy: Investigating The Assumptions Of A Default Interventionist Dual Systems Model, Sandra D. Monteiro

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

There are various dual process models of human cognition. While many models of cognitive control propose processes that are selected exclusively or in combination, a default-interventionist model of reasoning assumes that processing occurs in serial stages. System 1 processes are believed to recruit unconscious memory retrieval processes by default and precede System 2 processes (Evans & Stanovich, 2013; Kahneman, 2011). System 1 processes are also considered to be overly sensitive to the automatic influences of the environment and thereby also to various cognitive biases and errors; hence System 1 is inferior. On the other hand System 2, which represent conscious logic and normative ...

The Participation Of Marginalized Populations In Health Services Planning And Decision Making, Stephanie Rose Montesanti

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Community participation has been identified as a key facilitator of community health among marginalized populations in international health statements. However, knowledge gaps in the community participation literature regarding marginalized populations has been attributed to the lack of consistent definitions of community participation, ambiguity about the features of community participation initiatives (e.g., methods and strategies) that are appropriate for marginalized populations, and limitations of existing community participation frameworks in specifying the ways and means in which different marginalized populations might effectively participate, as well as in recognizing that community participation is highly contextual and situational. All of these factors have ...

A Long View Of Polluting Industry And Environmental Justice In Baltimore, Christopher G. Boone, Michail Fragkias, Geoffrey L. Buckley, J. Morgan Grove

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose

This study examines the density of polluting industry by neighborhoods in Baltimore over the long term, from 1950 to 2010, to determine if high pollution burdens correspond spatially with expected demographic and housing variables predicted in the environmental justice literature. For 1960–1980 we use data on heavy industry from Dun and Bradstreet directories and for 1990–2010 the US EPA’s Toxics Release Inventory to calculate a Hazards Density Index. Drawing on the decennial censuses for 1960–2010, we populate census tracts from corresponding years with data on race, ethnicity, educational attainment, income, and housing tenure.

Findings

Density ...

The Effect Of Gaelic Initial Consonant Mutation On Spoken Word Recognition, Ian D. Clayton, Dan Brenner, Andrew Carnie, Mike Hammond, Natasha Warner

Ian D. Clayton

No abstract provided.

Environmental Policy With Collective Waste Disposal, Stephen F. Hamilton, Thomas W. Sproul, David L. Sunding, David Zilberman

Stephen F. Hamilton

No abstract provided.

Habermas And Intellectual Freedom: Three Paths, John Buschman

John Buschman

No abstract provided.

Racial And Ethnic Profiling In Massachusetts: An Examination Of Police Policy And Practice, Anne-Marie Gabrielle Hakstian

Law and Public Policy Dissertations

The use of extra-legal factors such as race and ethnicity in police decision-making impacts the public's overall trust and confidence in the law and in the police as enforcers of the law. Because the police play a key role in ensuring the primacy of the rule of law, the practice of racial profiling can undermine the legitimacy of the law in American communities. Widespread recognition of the problem during the 1990s led several states to pass legislation banning the practice of racial profiling.

In Massachusetts, the legislature enacted a statute with the purpose of identifying the cities and towns ...

Poverty Knowledge, Coercion, And Social Rights: A Discourse Ethical Contribution To Social Epistemology, David Ingram

Philosophy: Faculty Publications and Other Works

In today’s America the persistence of crushing poverty in the midst of staggering affluence no longer incites the righteous jeremiads it once did. Resigned acceptance of this paradox is fueled by a sense that poverty lies beyond the moral and technical scope of government remediation. The failure of experts to reach agreement on the causes of poverty merely exacerbates our despair. Are the causes internal to the poor – reflecting their more or less voluntary choices? Or do they emanate from structures beyond their control (but perhaps amenable to government remediation)? If both of these explanations are true (as I ...

Deviance As Pedagogy: From Non-Dominant Cultural Capital To Deviantly Marked Cultural Repertoires, Ezekiel J. Dixon-Román

Ezekiel J Dixon-Román

Structured Abstract

Background/Context: Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital has been employed extensively in sociological, educational, and anthropological research. However, Bourdieu’s conceptualization of cultural capital has often been misread to refer only to “high status” or dominant cultural norms and resources at the cost of overlooking the meaningful and productive practices of non-dominant and marginalized cultural communities.

Focus of Study: By re-conceptualizing Cohen’s politics of deviance, this paper leans on post-structuralist thinkers to develop a conceptualization of the cultural repertoires of marginalized communities, hereafter referred to as deviantly marked cultural repertoires, that places at the center ...

Differentiating Among International Investment Disputes, Julie A. Maupin

Faculty Scholarship

Can investor-state arbitration tribunals, which exercise jurisdiction over limited claims involving discrete parties, render awards that deliver individualized justice while also promoting systemic fairness, predictability and coherence? The answer, I argue, is a qualified yes – provided that the methods employed are tailored to the particular characteristics of each dispute. Using three well-known investment arbitrations as case studies, I illustrate that investor-state disputes vary widely in terms of their socio-legal, territorial, and political impacts. Significant variances along these three dimensions call for a differentiated approach to investor-state dispute resolution. I outline what such an approach might look like and analyze how ...

Startrek (Sic) Illusions Demonstrate General Object Constancy, Jiehui Qian

Psychology Dissertations

Size constancy is a well-known example of perceptual stabilization accounting for the effect of viewing distance on retinal image size. In a recent study (Qian & Petrov, 2012), we demonstrated a similar stabilization mechanism for contrast perception and suggested that the brain accounts for effects of perceived distance on various other object features in a similar way, a hypothesis that we called General Object Constancy. Here we report new illusions of depth further supporting this hypothesis. Pairs of disks moved across the screen in a pattern of radial optic flow. A pair comprised either a small black disk floating in front of a large white disk, creating the percept of a pencil tip viewed head on (thus called the `pencil' stimulus), or a white disk floating upper left to a black disk, creating the percept of a white disk casting a shadow (thus called the `shadowed disk' stimulus). For the `pencil' stimulus, as the `pencils' moved away they appeared to grow in contrast, in diameter, and to be getting sharper; for the `shadowed disk' stimulus, as the disks moved away they also appeared to grow in contrast, and to be separating farther away both laterally (size illusion) and in depth. The contrast and size illusions replicated our previous findings, while the depth gradient (sharpness) illusion and the depth separation illusion manifested a depth constancy phenomenon. We discovered that depth and the size constancies were related, e.g., the size illusion and the depth gradient/separation ...

Stereotype Threat, Mental Arithmetic, And The Mere Effort Account, Allison E. Seitchik

Psychology Dissertations

Stereotype threat (i.e., the concern that is experienced when one feels "at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group" (Steele & Aronson, 1995, abstract)) has been shown to negatively impact performance. A working memory interference account for this effect suggests that cognitive resources that could be devoted to task performance are instead expended on processing the information resulting from the activation of the negative stereotype. It is this reduction in working memory capacity that produces the performance debilitation. More specifically, Beilock et al. (2007) suggest that these worries occupy the phonological loop of Baddeley's (1986; 2000; Baddeley & Logie, 1999) multicomponent model of working memory. According to Trbovich and LeFevre (2003), participants solving mental arithmetic problems in a horizontal format rely on the phonological loop to keep track of intermediate values. Thus, Beilock et al. suggests that when threatened participants are presented with horizontal mental arithmetic problems that involve borrowing (e.g., 57 - 28), performance should be debilitated. To test this hypothesis, females completed horizontal or vertical modular arithmetic problems (subtracting the second number from the first, dividing by the mod, and then reporting, true or false, whether the result was a whole number) under threat and no threat. Consistent with the prediction, the performance of threatened females was debilitated on horizontal problems.

Although Beilock et al.'s (2007) findings support the working memory account, they do not rule out the possibility of a motivational explanation: the mere effort account (Harkins, 2006). The mere effort account argues that stereotype threat motivates stigmatized participants to want to perform well, potentiating the prepotent response on the given task (Jamieson & Harkins, 2007; 2009). If the prepotent response is correct, stereotype threat facilitates performance for stigmatized individuals. If the prepotent response is incorrect and participants do not know, or lack the knowledge or time required for correction, performance is debilitated.

In the current studies, I examined how working memory and mere effort contribute to stereotype threat's effects on horizontal arithmetic. In Experiment 1, replicating Beilock et al. (2007) in a paradigm sensitive to motivational ...

Microfoundations Of The Rule Of Law, Gillian K. Hadfield, Barry R. Weingast

Gillian K Hadfield

Many social scientists rely on the rule of law in their accounts of political or economic development. Many however simply equate law with a stable government capable of enforcing the rules generated by a political authority. As two decades of largely failed efforts to build the rule of law in poor and transition countries and continuing struggles to build international legal order demonstrate, we still do not understand how legal order is produced, especially in places where it does not already exist. We here canvas literature in the social sciences to identify the themes and gaps in the existing accounts ...

Behaviour Of Hollow Core Square Reinforced Concrete Columns Wrapped With Cfrp With Different Fibre Orientations, Muhammad N. Hadi, T D. Le

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers

Results of testing twelve hollow core square reinforced concrete columns wrapped with Carbon fibre 33 reinforced polymer (CFRP) are presented. The effect of fibre orientation on the performance of specimens 34 under concentric and eccentric loads was investigated. Twelve specimens were divided into four groups with three 36 specimens each. The specimens in the first reference group were unwrapped, while the specimens in the 37 remaining groups were wrapped with CFRP of different wrap combinations of three fibre orientations.The specimens in each group were tested 39 under three eccentricities: 0 (concentric), 25, and 50 mm up to failure. Test ...

Kms States On C* - Algebras Associated To Higher-Rank Graphs, Astrid An Huef, Marcelo Laca, Iain Raeburn, Aidan Sims

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers

Consider a higher rank graph of rank k. Both the Cuntz-Krieger algebra and Toeplitz-Cuntz-Krieger algebra of the graph carry natural gauge actions of the torus Tk, and restricting these guage actions to one parameter subgroups of Tk gives dynamical systems involving actions of the real line. We study the KMS states of these dynamical systems. We find that for large inverse temperatures B, the simplex of KMS B states of the Toeplitz-Cuntz-Krieger algebra has dimension d one less than the number of vertices in the graph. We also show that there is a preferred dynamics for which there is a ...

Adaptive Diagrams: A Research Agenda To Explore How Learners Can Manipulate Online Diagrams To Self-Manage Cognitive Load, Shirley Agostinho, Sharon Tindall-Ford, Sahar Bokosmaty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers

This chapter presents an emerging research agenda focused on empowering learners to apply well-known instructional design principles, reserved mainly for application by instructional designers, to the design of diagrams to support their learning. Significant advances have been made in terms of developing design principles that can be applied to the design of diagrams to facilitate the efficient learning of diagrammatic information. However, little is known about how these design principles can be applied by learners themselves. In a technologically rich environment where learners can access a range of online diagrammatic information, we argue that it is imperative that learners' are ...

Dem Simulation Of The Behaviour Of Geogrid Stabilised Ballast Fouled With Coal, Ngoc Trung Ngo, Buddhima Indraratna, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers

Geogrids are commonly used in railway construction for reinforcement and stabilisation. When railway ballast becomes fouled due to ballast breakage, infiltration of coal fines, dust and subgrade soil pumping, the reinforcement effect of geogrids decreases significantly. This paper presents results obtained from Discrete Element Method (DEM) to study the interface behaviour of coal-fouled ballast reinforced by geogrid subjected to direct shear testing. In this study, irregularly-shaped aggregates (ballast) were modelled by clumping together 10-20 spheres in appropriate sizes and positions. The geogrid was modelled by bonding a large number of small spheres together to form the desired grid geometry and ...