Medicine and Health Commons^™

World Hunger, Keegan Flanigan, Garrett Cruz

Anthropology Undergraduate Research (COLA)

United States Food Situation

• The United States population is currently at 311,591,917
• Roughly $375 billion worth of food is circulated into the United States each year
• The average American Family spends $3,300 per year at grocery stores
• 19% of the population experiences food insecurity or very low food supply
• 76 of 38,431 people die of reasons relating to low food levels

Hunger In America, Kamay Tu

Anthropology Undergraduate Research (COLA)

Introduction

Hunger in America is becoming more and more an issue. Although the advance from hunting and gathering to farming and agriculture should greatly solve this issue, it hasn't. The question is why?

Life Cafe, Michelle Panko

Anthropology Undergraduate Research (COLA)

Challenges of Health and Conservation in Las Vegas

-Las Vegas is a very large and busy city, with locals operating on a very hectic agenda often times resulting with a need for instant gratification.

-Because of this, many food industries in Las Vegas tend to distribute unhealthy foods in large Quantities.

-According to the Springs preserve NV blog, Las wastes produces 9,000 tons of trash a day

Ethnicity And Breastfeeding In Kenya, Brooke Meredith Watson

University of Tennessee Honors Thesis Projects

No abstract provided.

Sweetened Drink And Snacking Cues In Adolescents. A Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, Jerry L. Grenard, Alan W. Stacy, Saul Shiffman, Amanda N. Baraldi, David P. Mackinnon, Ginger Lockhart, Yasemin Kisbu-Sakarya, Sarah Boyle Abd, Yuliyana Beleva Abd, Carol Koprowski, Susan L. Ames, Kim D. Reynolds

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

The objective of this study was to identify physical, social, and intrapersonal cues that were associated with the consumption of sweetened beverages and sweet and salty snacks among adolescents from lower SES neighborhoods. Students were recruited from high schools with a minimum level of 25% free or reduced cost lunches. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants (N=158) were trained to answer brief questionnaires on handheld PDA devices: (a) each time they ate or drank, (b) when prompted randomly, and (c) once each evening. Data were collected over 7days for each participant. Participants reported their location (e.g., school grounds, home ...

Risking It: An Examination Of Risk Perception Amongst Obstetricians And Certified Professional Midwives In Missouri, Allison R. Horan

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The concept of risk is pervasive in contemporary discussions of childbirth –both amongst professionals and consumers. While risk is often presented as an objective entity, in reality it is an elusive concept to define, particularly within the context of maternity care. Since the nineteenth century, obstetricians and midwives have conceptualized the risks of birth differently. This thesis examines how two groups of practitioners in Missouri, obstetricians (OBs) and certified professional midwives (CPMs), perceive risk in pregnancy and childbirth. By combining archival investigation techniques with original qualitative research, I hope to demonstrate that risk in maternity care is far from a ...

Risking It: An Examination Of Risk Perception Amongst Obstetricians And Certified Professional Midwives In Missouri, Allison R. Horan

Undergraduate Theses—Unrestricted

The concept of risk is pervasive in contemporary discussions of childbirth –both amongst professionals and consumers. While risk is often presented as an objective entity, in reality it is an elusive concept to define, particularly within the context of maternity care. Since the nineteenth century, obstetricians and midwives have conceptualized the risks of birth differently. This thesis examines how two groups of practitioners in Missouri, obstetricians (OBs) and certified professional midwives (CPMs), perceive risk in pregnancy and childbirth. By combining archival investigation techniques with original qualitative research, I hope to demonstrate that risk in maternity care is far from a ...

Adolescent Depressive Symptoms And Substance Use: The Mediating Influence Of Health Service Utilization, Sarah E. Malone

Sociology Theses, Dissertations, & Student Research

A large number of American adolescents suffer from depression and the consequences have been shown to be detrimental to their well-being. Adolescent substance use is also an increasing social problem due to the high usage rates and negative lifelong consequences for users. This paper explores the relationships between victimization, substance use, psychological health service utilization, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 4,757 adolescents. Using two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the results revealed a positive relationship between victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms, even after controlling for several demographic variables and ...

The Characteristics Of Women Seeking Funding From The Dc Abortion Fund, Karin Elizabeth Bleeg

GW Research Days 2013

Objectives: To determine whether the population DCAF serves, based on current research, are those most in need of its financial services. Describe the population that DCAF is supports by age, race and ethnicity, poverty, educational attainment, union status, contraceptive method used, referral source, and number of prior pregnancies.

Methods: An adapted version of The Guttmacher Institute's National Patient Survey will be used to collect data from women who contact DCAF for financial assistance for their abortion (n=150). The data will be collected for one month and then analyzed in SPSS.

Results: Between January and March 2013 approximately 400 ...

The Road To “Severe Obesity”: Weight Loss Surgery Candidates Talk About Their Histories Of Weight Gain, Julia Temple Newhook, Deborah Gregory, Laurie Twells

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Much research focuses on the causes of weight gain, but few studies examine the perspectives of those who have been categorized as “severely obese.” This paper discusses the findings of 54 interviews with weight loss surgery candidates in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We explore participants’ perspectives on their histories of weight gain, focusing on their explanations for weight gain as well as the emotions surrounding their weight gain experiences. We find that the dominant individualized, medicalized construction of obesity both (1) adds to the burden of blame for weight loss surgery candidates, with potential emotional health implications, and (2) overlooks ...

Volunteer Programming Impact On Long-Term Care Facilities, Paul P. Falkowski

Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences

The purpose of this present study was to examine the direct and indirect effects between the organizational structure of a long-term care facility, the amount of volunteers at the facility, the activities in which volunteers engage while at the facility and daily average number of hours care staff spend with nursing home residents. The time care staff spends with residents has been directly linked to the quality of care provided by the facility. This time is measured by calculating nursing hours per patient and it includes only nursing staff hours.The data for this study come from the National Nursing ...

The Social And Health Service Needs Of Aboriginal Peoples In Smaller Urban Centers In Southern Ontario: A Synthesis Paper For Service Agencies, Martin Cooke, Julia Woodhall, Jennifer Mcwhirter

Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Discussion Paper Series/ Un Réseau stratégique de connaissances Changements de population et parcours de vie Document de travail

The disproportionate needs of urban Aboriginal people make it important for urban social and health service providers to understand the conditions faced by this population. This synthesis paper reviews recent literature on urban Aboriginal populations in order to identify their characteristics and main areas of need. It is meant to inform those who work in health and social service planning and delivery in smaller urban centers, particularly non-Aboriginal service agencies in Southern Ontario.

The existing research shows that urbanized First Nations, Métis and Inuit have greater needs for specific health, cultural, justice, financial, and educational services. Furthermore, the literature indicates ...

The Physical And Mental Health Of Off-Reserve First Nations Children Of Teen Mothers, Anne Guèvremont, Dafna Kohen

The International Indigenous Policy Journal

The teen birth rate for First Nations women is higher than the teen birth rate for non-Aboriginal women. While associations between physical and behavioural outcomes have been examined in non-Aboriginal children with teen mothers, fewer studies have focused on First Nations children of teen mothers. This study uses data from the 2006 Aboriginal Children’s Survey to compare physical and mental health outcomes of 2- to 5-year-old off-reserve First Nations children of teenage and older mothers. There were few differences in physical health outcomes between off-reserve First Nations children of teen mothers and older mothers with the exception of dental ...

Advancing The Science Of Population Health And Aging Through Open Access Interdisciplinary Research, Parminder Raina

Looking Forward: Re-Imagining the Academic Library's Role in Teaching, Learning & Research

No abstract provided.

Record Number Of Children Covered By Health Insurance In 2011, Michael J. Staley

The Carsey Institute at the Scholars' Repository

Using data from the 2008 through 2011 American Community Survey, this brief describes rates of children’s health insurance coverage nationally, by region, and place type (that is, rural, suburban, and central city). In addition, it details the composition of coverage in the United States, specifically the proportion of children covered by private and public insurance. Author Michael Staley reports that rates of insurance coverage for children under age 18 increased from 90 percent in 2008 to 92.5 percent in 2011 and that the proportion of children covered by public health insurance increased substantially for the fourth consecutive year ...

Psychotropic Medication Use Among Children In The Child Welfare System, Wendy A. Walsh, Marybeth Mattingly

The Carsey Institute at the Scholars' Repository

Prior research demonstrates that children in the child welfare system are given psychotropic medication at rates approximately three times higher than children and adolescents in the general population. Using data from the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, authors Wendy Walsh and Marybeth Mattingly report that among children age 4 and older with a report of maltreatment, rates of psychotropic medication use are significantly higher in rural (20 percent) than urban areas (13 percent). Children age 4 and older with a maltreatment report in rural areas were significantly more likely to take more than one medication than children ...

Filling The Gap: An Examination Of Hiv/Aids Treatment And Prevention At Uganda Cares Masaka, Andrew Robert Mcasey

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

A six week internship was conducted at Uganda Cares Masaka, a HIV/AIDS treatment organization, to learn about the development issues surrounding the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The internship was aimed at gaining practical experience at an HIV/AIDS clinic to learn about the challenges faced and the strategies used by Uganda Cares as wells as the effectiveness of their strategies. Uganda Cares represents a collaborative relationship between the private, international HIV treatment and advocacy group, the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), and the public Ministry of Health (MOH) in Uganda. A final objective of the internship was to gain an inside ...

A Multi-Level Examination Of Influenza Vaccination Disparities From The 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Kelsii Gerber

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Vaccinations were noted as the top public health achievement in the 20th century (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1999). However, not everyone is getting vaccinated. Taking a sociological approach this study examined the extent to which African Americans, American Indian/Alaska Natives, and Latino populations received an influenza vaccination compared to whites at a micro and macro level from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Previous research on racial and ethnic health disparities, attitudinal difference, and other demographic characteristics are reviewed in the literature. The Behavioral Model of Health Services was employed as the theoretical framework for this ...

Recent Data Show Continued Growth In Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Use, Jessica A. Carson, William W. Meub

The Carsey Institute at the Scholars' Repository

This brief uses data from the American Community Survey to examine rates of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) receipt in 2011, with particular attention to changes since the onset of the recession, and to receipt by family composition, region, and place type (rural, suburban, and central city locations). It also explores SNAP receipt among households at particular risk for food insecurity. Authors Jessica Carson and William Meub report that 13 percent of all households reported receiving benefits in 2011. This represents an increase from 7.7 percent in 2007, reflecting both changes in need and policy. SNAP is increasingly the ...

Effectiveness Of A Portable, Large-Area Ultraviolet Germicidal Device, Mark P. Buttner, Thomas Yee, Patricia Cruz, Vanessa Stevens

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Effective disinfection of the hospital environment is a key component in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ultraviolet germicidal device in reducing the concentrations of culturable bacteria on indoor surfaces. The ultraviolet germicidal device was installed and operated in four experimental trials conducted in a microbiology research chamber. Agar plates inoculated with known concentrations of two test microorganisms were placed on benches inside the chamber at two distances, 1.5 meters and 3.0 meters from the machine, for exposure times of 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes ...