The Mozambique Eyecare Programme – A Partnership Which Addresses Avoidable Blindness In Lusophone Africa,
2010
Technological University Dublin
The Mozambique Eyecare Programme – A Partnership Which Addresses Avoidable Blindness In Lusophone Africa, Aoife Phelan, James Loughman, Eva Doyle
Conference Papers
According to the WHO about 831 million people are visually impaired worldwide, 45 million of them are blind. Most people with visual impairment are older, and females are more at risk at every age, in every part of the world. Uncorrected Refractive Error accounts for over half of all visual impairment. About 87% of the worlds visually impaired live in developing countries. The Mozambique Eyecare Programme (MEP) is a cross institutional collaboration between governments, higher education institutions, non-governmental organisations and corporations. The aims of this Programme are to collaborate to provide a sustainable solution to the problem of avoidable blindness …
Visionary Fall 2010,
2010
Nova Southeastern University
Effect On Refractive Outcomes After Cataract Surgery Of Intraocular Lens Constant Personalization Using The Haigis Formula,
2010
Waterford Institute of Technology
Effect On Refractive Outcomes After Cataract Surgery Of Intraocular Lens Constant Personalization Using The Haigis Formula, Sofia Charalampidou, Lorraine Cassidy, Eugene Ng, James Loughman, John Nolan, Jim Stack, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Methods Personalization of Haigis IOL constants was performed using a series of 248 suitable eyes after biometry by partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) and IOL prediction based on optimized IOL constants derived from pooled data from the User Group for Laser Interference Biometry web site. A mean error of prediction and a mean absolute error were then calculated using the personalized IOL constants and compared with those derived using optimized IOL constants, allowing evaluation and quantification of the maximum realizable refractive benefits (if any) of personalization. Results There was no statistically significant difference between personalized and optimized Haigis IOL constants in …
Augmentation Of Macular Pigment Following Supplementation With All Three Macular Carotenoids: An Exploratory Study,
2010
Waterford Institute of Technology
Augmentation Of Macular Pigment Following Supplementation With All Three Macular Carotenoids: An Exploratory Study, Eithne Connolly, Stephen Beatty, David Thurnham, James Loughman, Alan Howard, Jim Stack, John Nolan
Articles
Purpose:At the macula, the carotenoids meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), lutein (L), and zeaxanthin (Z) are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). This study was designed to measure serum and macular responses to a macular carotenoid formulation. Materials and Methods:Ten subjects were recruited into this study (five normal and five with early age-related macular degeneration [AMD]). Subjects were instructed to consume a formulation containing 7.3mg of MZ, 3.7mg of L, and 0.8mg of Z everyday over an eight-week period. The spatial profile of MP optical density (i.e., MPOD at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1°, and 1.75°) was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, and …
The Relationship Between Macular Pigment And Visual Performance,
2010
Technological University Dublin
The Relationship Between Macular Pigment And Visual Performance, James Loughman, Mukunda Akkali, Stephen Beatty, Grainne Scanlon, Peter Davison, Veronica O'Dwyer, Thomas Cantwell, Philip Major, Jim Stack, John Nolan
Articles
This study was designed to assess whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is associated with visual performance. One hundred and forty-two young healthy subjects were recruited. Macular pigment optical density and visual performance were assessed by psychophysical tests including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, photostress recovery time (PRT). Measures of central visual function, including BCVA and contrast sensitivity, were positively associated with MPOD (p < 0.05, for all). Photostress recovery and glare sensitivity were unrelated to MPOD (p > 0.05). A longitudinal, placebo-controlled and randomized supplementation trial will be required to ascertain whether augmentation of MPOD can influence visual performance.
Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification With And Without Correction For Posture-Related Ocular Cyclotorsion,
2010
Waterford Regional Hospital
Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification With And Without Correction For Posture-Related Ocular Cyclotorsion, I. Dooley, S. Charalampidou, A. Malik, G. Ormonde, James Loughman, Laura Molloy, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Purpose To report the impact of posture-related ocular cyclotorsion on one surgeon's surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) results and the variance in SIA. Setting Institute of Eye Surgery, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland. Methods This prospective randomized controlled study included eyes that had phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Eyes were randomly assigned to have (intervention group) or not have (control group) correction for posture-related ocular cyclotorsion. In the intervention group, the clear corneal incision was placed precisely at the 120-degree meridian with instruments designed to correct posture-related ocular cyclotorsion. In the control group, the surgeon endeavored to place the incision at the …
The Prevalence And Causes Of Vision Loss In Indigenous Australians: The National Indigenous Eye Health Survey,
2010
Western University
The Prevalence And Causes Of Vision Loss In Indigenous Australians: The National Indigenous Eye Health Survey, Hugh R. Taylor, Jing Xie, Sarah Fox, Ross A. Dunn, Anna-Lena Arnold, Jill E. Keeffe
Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)
Aim: To determine the prevalence and causes of vision loss in Indigenous Australians. Design, setting and participants: A national, stratified, random cluster sample was drawn from 30 communities across Australia that each included about 300 Indigenous people of all ages. A sample of non-Indigenous adults aged 40 years was also tested at several remote sites for comparison. Participants were examined using a standardised protocol that included a questionnaire (self-administered or completed with the help of field staff), visual acuity (VA) testing on presentation and after correction, visual field testing, trachoma grading, and fundus and lens photography. The data were …
Near-Vision Acuity Levels And Performance On Neuropsychological Assessments Used In Occupational Therapy,
2010
University of Missouri-St. Louis
Near-Vision Acuity Levels And Performance On Neuropsychological Assessments Used In Occupational Therapy, Carl Bassi, Linda Hunt
College of Optometry Faculty Works
We investigated how induced blur affects performance on the Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Test routinely used in occupational therapy cognitive evaluations. The study used a factorial design with both age (young and old adults) and simulated blur levels of near visual acuity (20/50 and 20/100) manipulated between participants. A sample of 124 healthy, community-living adults was used in the final analysis. Significant differences (p < .05) were found in performance for young participants between 20/50 and 20/100 blur level as well as between 20/20 and 20/100 blur level for the Digit Symbol Test. Scores for old participants decreased as a function of blur but were not significant. This study illustrates that cognitive evaluations used throughout the lifespan may require the appropriate visual acuity level to maximize performance. Occupational therapists’ understanding of client factors and their effect on performance is fundamental to the client evaluation process.
Preattentive Visual Search (Pavs): A Clinical Tool For Glaucoma,
2010
Technological University Dublin
Preattentive Visual Search (Pavs): A Clinical Tool For Glaucoma, James Loughman
Books/Book chapters
Glaucoma is known to cause peripheral field loss but its impact is often underestimated. The inability to detect a target in an isolated area of the visual field may not be perceived as a significant disability. The determination here however that glaucoma adversely affects an individual’s capacity to deploy attention is an important one. This can be applied to infer the potential impact of the condition on lifestyle, even in the absence of diffuse perimetric field loss. Everyday tasks such as searching for car keys may prove more tedious and require more serial inspection. The ability to guide attention is …
The Statistical Interpretation Of The Coefficient Of Repeatability,
2010
Technological University Dublin
The Statistical Interpretation Of The Coefficient Of Repeatability, James Loughman
Other
No abstract provided.
Macular Pigment And Its Contribution To Visual Performance And Experience,
2010
Technological University Dublin
Macular Pigment And Its Contribution To Visual Performance And Experience, James Loughman, Peter Davison, John Nolan, Mukunda Akkali, Stephen Beatty
Articles
There is now a consensus, based on histological, biochemical and spectral absorption data, that the yellow colour observed at the macula lutea is a consequence of the selective accumulation of dietary xanthophylls in the central retina of the living eye. Scientifi c research continues to explore the function(s) of MP in the human retina, with two main hypotheses premised on its putative capacity to (1) protect the retina from (photo)-oxidative damage by means of its optical fi ltration and/or antioxidant properties, the so-called protective hypothesis and (2) infl uence the quality of visual performance by means of selective short wavelength …
Macular Pigment Optical Density In An Aging Irish Population: The Irish Longitudinal Study On Ageing,
2010
Waterford Institute of Technology
Macular Pigment Optical Density In An Aging Irish Population: The Irish Longitudinal Study On Ageing, John Nolan, Roseanne Kenny, Claire O'Regan, Hilary Cronin, James Loughman, Eithne Connolly, Patricia Kearney, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Purpose: The 3 carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, which account for the ‘yellow spot’ at the macula and which are referred to as macular pigment (MP), are believed to play a role in visual function and protect against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via their optical and antioxidant properties. This study was undertaken to compare MP optical density (MPOD) in a population aged ≧50 years with MPOD values from a normative database of subjects aged 18–60 years. Methods: Seventy-nine subjects were recruited into this pilot study (The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing-TILDA). MPOD was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Retinal fundus …
Changes In Intraocular Pressure And Anterior Segment Morphometry After Uneventful Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery,
2010
Waterford Regional Hospital
Changes In Intraocular Pressure And Anterior Segment Morphometry After Uneventful Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery, J. Dooley, S. Charalampidou, A. Malik, James Loughman, L. Molloy, S. Beatty
Articles
Purpose To study changes in anterior segment morphometry after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and to investigate whether there is a relationship between any observed changes and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after the procedure. Methods The anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and IOP were measured in 101 non-glaucomatous eyes before and after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Results After cataract surgery, the mean ACD, ACV, and ACA values increased by 1.08mm, 54.4mm3, and 13.11, respectively, and the mean IOP (corrected for CCT) decreased by 3.2mmHg. The predictive value of a previously …
Macular Pigment And Its Contribution To Visual Performance And Experience [El Pigmento Macular Y Su Contribución Al Rendimiento Y Experiencia Visuals],
2010
Technological University Dublin
Macular Pigment And Its Contribution To Visual Performance And Experience [El Pigmento Macular Y Su Contribución Al Rendimiento Y Experiencia Visuals], James Loughman, Peter Davison, John M. Nolan, Mukunda C. Akkali, Stephen Beatty
Articles
There is now a consensus, based on histological, biochemical and spectral absorption data, that the yellow colour observed at the macula lutea is a consequence of the selective accumulation of dietary xanthophylls in the central retina of the living eye. Scientific research continues to explore the function(s) of MP in the human retina, with two main hypotheses premised on its putative capacity to (1) protect the retina from (photo)-oxidative damage by means of its optical filtration and/or antioxidant properties, the so-called protective hypothesis and (2) influence the quality of visual performance by means of selective short wavelength light absorption prior …
Overexpression Of Garp2 Increases Phototransduction Gain.,
2010
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Overexpression Of Garp2 Increases Phototransduction Gain., Shanta Sarfare
All ETDs from UAB
The cGMP-gated cation channel (CNG) in the rod photoreceptors is an essential component of phototransduction, and may have a role in maintaining structural integrity of the rod outer segment (ROS). The ß-subunit of the CNG channel (CNGB1) in the rod photoreceptors is comprised of an N-terminal glutamic acid-rich region (GARP') and a C-terminal channel-like region. Additionally, two soluble proteins GARP1 and GARP2 are alternatively spliced from the CNGB1 gene. Although GARPs are known to interact with other proteins in the rod photoreceptors, their role is currently unknown. To determine the role of GARP2 in the rod photoreceptors, we generated transgenic …
Response Dynamics Of Retinal Ganglion And Early Visual Cortical Cells To Simulated Optical Blur,
2010
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Response Dynamics Of Retinal Ganglion And Early Visual Cortical Cells To Simulated Optical Blur, Michael Lance Risner
All ETDs from UAB
Visual neurons are highly sensitive to changes in luminance around the mean level of light. The effects of changes in luminance contrast on the responses of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and V1 neurons have been extensively studied. Sharp transitions in luminance signify edges, which are key features in the visual environment. However, edges are rarely sharp and may be blurred. Edges are generally blurred because eyes have a restricted depth of field, sources of light are rarely point sources, edges are typically smooth, and rapid motion induces blur. The purpose of this research was to understand how RGCs and V1 …
Exploration Of The Crosslinks Between Saccadic And Vergence Eye Movement Pathways Using Motor And Visual Perturbations,
2010
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Exploration Of The Crosslinks Between Saccadic And Vergence Eye Movement Pathways Using Motor And Visual Perturbations, Kevin Paul Schultz
All ETDs from UAB
ANCOVA models to be non-orthogonal, we get similar results to the ANCOVA with
