Optometry Commons^™

Modulation Of The Unfolded Protein Response To Delay Apoptosis In An Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa Animal Model, Yogesh Bhootada

All ETDs from UAB

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of retinal degenerative diseases characterized by the loss of rod photoreceptor cells that can be followed by cone degeneration eventually culminating in total photoreceptor cell loss. This disease affects approximately 1.5 million people worldwide and can be transmitted in an autosomal dominant (ADRP) manner accounting for nearly 30% of all RP cases. Dominant rhodopsin mutations have been divided into class I and class II based on the folding of rhodopsin protein, thermal stability, and chromophore regeneration. A threonine-17-methionine (T17M) mutation in rhodopsin is a class II mutation, characterized by a thermal instability/folding defect and …

Within Session Repeatability Of The Tear Lab Osmolarity Test And Correlation With Other Clinical Tests For Dry Eye, Pearl Shin

All ETDs from UAB

WITHIN SESSION REPEATABILITY OF THE TEAR LAB OSMOLARITY TEST AND CORRELATION WITH OTHER CLINICAL TESTS FOR DRY EYE PEARL SHIN DEPARTMENT OF VISION SCIENCES ABSTRACT Background The human tear film consists of three primary layers that work in conjunction to provide protection and nutrition to the cornea. When a layer is disrupted, the entire tear film loses its integrity and fails to function normally. Dry eye is the most common cause of tear film disruption. Among several methods to characterize dry eye is measurement of tear osmolarity. The TearLab Osmometer is commonly used clinically for this purpose. Previous studies in …

Visionary Summer 2014, College Of Optometry

Visionary

No abstract provided.

Spatial Mapping Of Macular Pigment Optical Density And Its Relationship To Contrast Sensitivity And Glare Disability, Christopher Michael Putnam

Dissertations

This dissertation explored the relationship of the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) spatial profile with measures of contrast sensitivity (CS), glare disability (GD), relative glare disability (RGD) and intraocular light scatter. A novel device capable of measuring MPOD across the central 16 degrees of retina along 8 principle meridians using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP) at eccentricities of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 degrees was built. MPOD was calculated as both discrete and integrated values at all measured retinal loci. CS was measured using vertical grating stimuli of 3, 6 and 9 cycles per degree (cpd) also presented at …

Global Summation Of Radial Frequency Patterns And The Effect Of Sudden Onset Glare On Shape Discrimination, Edgar Ekure

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

ABSTRACT Global summation of radial frequency patterns and the effect of sudden onset glare on shape discrimination The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of global pooling around the circumference of the Radial frequency (RF) pattern, and to study the effect of sudden onset glare on shape discrimination. The RF stimuli were generated by the amplitude modulation of the radius of a circle which deforms them from circularity, while the cross sectional luminance profile was the fourth derivative of Gaussians (D4). The amplitude of the stimuli determines how distinct the pattern is and thus measures the degree of …

Differential Effects Of Refractive Blur On Day And Nighttime Driving Performance, Joanne M. Wood, Michael J. Collins, Alex Chaparro, Ralph Marszalek, Trent Carberry, Philippe Lacherez, Byoung Sun Chu

Publications

PURPOSE. To investigate the effect of different levels of refractive blur on real-world driving performance measured under day and nighttime conditions.

METHODS. Participants included 12 visually normal, young adults (mean age = 25.+- 5.2 years) who drove an instrumented research vehicle around a 4 km closed road circuit with three different levels of binocular spherical refractive blur (+0.50 diopter sphere [DS], +1.00 DS, +2.00 DS) compared with a baseline condition. The subjects wore optimal spherocylinder correction and the additional blur lenses were mounted in modified fullfield goggles; the order of testing of the blur conditions was randomized. Driving …

The Development Of A Public Optometry System In Mozambique: A Cost Benefit Analysis, James Loughman, Stephen Thompson, Geoff Harris, Luigi Bilotto, Jorge Ferrao, Kovin Naidoo

Articles

Background: The economic burden of uncorrected refractive error (URE) is thought to be high in Mozambique, largely as a consequence of the lack of resources and systems to tackle this largely avoidable problem. The Mozambique Eyecare Project (MEP) has established the first optometry training and human resource deployment initiative to address the burden of URE in Lusophone Africa. The nature of the MEP programme provides the opportunity to determine, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), whether investing in the establishment and delivery of a comprehensive system for optometry human resource development and public sector deployment is economically justifiable for Lusophone Africa. …

Gene Expression Signatures In Tree Shrew Retina, Rpe, And Choroid During Experimental Myopia And Recovery, Li He

All ETDs from UAB

During the development of induced myopia and recovery, the emmetropization mechanism is stimulated to modulate ocular growth. Emmetropization signals originate in the retina, are transmitted and transformed by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid, and reach sclera to induce tissue remodeling. Induced myopia occurs in response to myopiagenic stimuli - minus lens, form deprivation, and darkness - (three GO conditions) which increase ocular elongation; recovery from lens-induced myopia (STOP) occurs when minus-lens wear is discontinued after complete compensation, slowing ocular elongation. This dissertation examined gene expression signatures in the retina, RPE, and choroid under GO and STOP conditions to examine …

Validation Of A Cytometric Bead-Based Immunoassay For Tear Interleukin 8 And Interferon Gamma Inducible Protein 10, My-Tho Karin Tran

All ETDs from UAB

ABSTRACT Background Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) are pro-inflammatory chemokines that may play key antagonistic roles in regulating corneal immune privilege and angiogenesis prevention. Some groups have reported that tear levels of IL-8 and IP-10 measured by multiplexed antibody-based assay are artifact prone and therefore unreliable, leading to their under-utilization as ocular surface disease and dry eye biomarkers. The current study compares tear levels of IL-8 and IP-10 measured by multiplexed cytometric bead-based assay (CBA) with single analyte ELISA assay. Mass spectrometry, a non-antibody based method, was also used to obtain confirmation of tear levels. …

Gene Expression Signatures In Tree Shrew Sclera In Different Visual Conditions, Lin Guo

All ETDs from UAB

The sclera is a target tissue that receives signals that are initiated in the retina, cascade through retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid, and cause scleral extra cellular matrix remodeling. Biomechanical alterations of the sclera are produced by these biochemical changes, and in turn control the axial length of the eye. This dissertation project examined scleral gene expression changes in mRNA level of juvenile tree shrews. Three specific aims were investigated: specific aim one tested the hypothesis that three different GO visual conditions that all produce axial elongation and myopia: minus-lens wear, form deprivation, and continuous darkness, will produce similar …

Studies Of The Effect Of Nicotine On Color Vision In Color Deficient Humans, Warren Gwynn

All ETDs from UAB

Previous research showed that oral nicotine use in non-smoking color normal individuals significantly improved color discrimination scores on the F-M 100 and both white and red increment thresholds of the Red Test. Our research sought to determine if similar results could be found when oral nicotine was administered to color deficient individuals. Ten color deficient individuals were first screened with both the HRR and Nagel Anomaloscope. Next, the F-M 100 and Red Test were performed before and after chewing nicotine gum (four mg). Subjects were introduced to testing procedures in one visit; a second visit, at least 24 hours later, …

Reducing Visual Deficits Caused By Refractive Errors In School And Preschool Children: Results Of A Pilot School Program In The Andean Region Of Apurimac, Peru, Sergio Latorre-Arteaga, Diana Gil-Gonzalez, Olga Enciso, Aoife Phelan, Angel Garcia-Munoz, Johannes Kohler

Articles

Background

Refractive error is defined as the inability of the eye to bring parallel rays of light into focus on the retina, resulting in nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (Hyperopia) or astigmatism. Uncorrected refractive error in children is associated with increased morbidity and reduced educational opportunities. Vision screening (VS) is a method for identifying children with visual impairment or eye conditions likely to lead to visual impairment.

Objective

To analyze the utility of vision screening conducted by teachers and to contribute to a better estimation of the prevalence of childhood refractive errors in Apurimac, Peru.

Design

A pilot vision screening program in …

A Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation Of Acrylamide And Diacetone Acrylamide To Investigate Their Suitability For Holographic Photopolymer Formulations, Dervil Cody, Alan Casey, Izabela Naydenova, Emilia Mihaylova

Articles

The comparative cytotoxic evaluation of two monomers Diacetone Acrylamide (DA) and Acrylamide (AA), used in holographic photopolymer formulations, is reported. Two normal cell lines were used: BEAS-2B and HaCaT. Cellular viability was assessed using the MTT assay for three different exposure times. A difference of two orders of magnitude is observed in the Lethal Dose (LD50) concentrations of the two monomers. Diacetone Acrylamide exhibits a significantly lower toxicity profile in comparison to Acrylamide at all exposure times. This result justifies the replacement of Acrylamide with Diacetone Acrylamide in the photopolymer formulation, with the view to reducing occupational hazard risks for …

An Economic Analysis Of The Impact Of Refractive Error In Mozambique, Stephen Thompson

Conference Papers

Mozambique eyecare project carried out in June 2013 to estimate the socio-economic benefit of an Optometry Programme by calculating the benefits of addressing refractive error in terms of productivity gained as a result of the intervention.

Visionary Summer 2013, College Of Optometry

Visionary

No abstract provided.

The Development Of A Public Optometry System In Mozambique: A Cost Benefit Analysis, Stephen Thompson, James Loughman

Articles

The economic burden of uncorrected refractive error (URE) is thought to be high in Mozambique, largely as a consequence of the lack of resources and systems to tackle this largely avoidable problem. The Mozambique Eyecare Project (MEP) has established the first optometry training and human resource deployment initiative to address the burden of URE in Lusophone Africa. The nature of the MEP programme provides the opportunity to determine, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), whether investing in the establishment and delivery of a comprehensive system for optometry human resource development and public sector deployment is economically justifiable for Lusophone Africa.

Considerations In The Design Of An Eye Health Programme For Nampula, Mozambique, Aoife Phelan, Lisa O'Donoghue, Kovin Naidoo, Kathryn Saunders, James Loughman

Conference Papers

Introduction/Purpose:

There are almost twelve million children (<18 >years) in Mozambique with minimal access to eye care. [1] Annual screening of school children by teachers for uncorrected refractive error is one of the most cost effective health interventions in Sub Saharan Africa.[2] The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) has recommended that child eye health interventions be incorporated into National School Health Initiatives.[3]

In view of the IAPB position this presentation sets out to identify and discuss the main considerations in the design of a child eye health strategy, for the province of Nampula, Mozambique, which aligns itself …

Considerations In The Design Of An Eye Health Programme For Nampula, Mozambique, Aoife Phelan, Lisa O'Donoghue, Kovin Naidoo, Kathryn Saunders, James Loughman

Other

Introduction/Purpose:

There are almost twelve million children (years) in Mozambique with minimal access to eye care. [1] Annual screening of school children by teachers for uncorrected refractive error is one of the most cost effective health interventions in Sub Saharan Africa.[2] The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) has recommended that child eye health interventions be incorporated into National School Health Initiatives.[3]

In view of the IAPB position this presentation sets out to identify and discuss the main considerations in the design of a child eye health strategy, for the province of Nampula, Mozambique, which aligns itself with …

Evaluations Of Exit Competencies Of Optometrists In Mozambique, Kajal Shah, James Loughman

Other

Introduction: The appropriate education for eye health workers is a key determinant of sustainable eye health care systems, and the solution to avoidable blindness and visual impairment. The Mozambique Eye care Project (MEP), is developing the country's first indigenously trained optometrists using a competency-based education curriculum.

Aims: The principal aim is to evaluate the exit clinical competencies of the first optometry graduates in Mozambique and to inform the evaluation of the competency curriculum.

Methods: Using UK based competencies as a benchmark; nine final year students were examined to assess competences in six core subjects.Further information about factors relating to their …

Evaluations Of Exit Competencies Of Optometrists In Mozambique, Kajal Shah, James Loughman

Conference Papers

Introduction: The appropriate education for eye health workers is a key determinant of sustainable eye health care systems, and the solution to avoidable blindness and visual impairment. The Mozambique Eye care Project (MEP), is developing the country's first indigenously trained optometrists using a competency-based education curriculum.

Aims: The principal aim is to evaluate the exit clinical competencies of the first optometry graduates in Mozambique and to inform the evaluation of the competency curriculum.

Methods: Using UK based competencies as a benchmark; nine final year students were examined to assess competences in six core subjects.Further information about factors relating to their …