Visionary Spring 2011,
2011
Nova Southeastern University
A Review Of The Evidence Germane To The Putative Protective Role Of The Macular Carotenoids For Age-Related Macular Degeneration,
2011
Technological University Dublin
A Review Of The Evidence Germane To The Putative Protective Role Of The Macular Carotenoids For Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Sarah Sabour-Pickett, John Nolan, James Loughman, Stephen Beatty
Articles
There is a consensus that age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the result of (photo)- oxidative-induced retinal injury and its inflammatory sequelae, the latter being influenced by genetic background. The dietary carotenoids, lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (meso-Z), accumulate at the macula, where they are collectively known as macular pigment (MP). The anatomic (central retinal), biochemical (anti-oxidant) and optical (short-wavelength- filtering) properties of this pigment have generated interest in the biologically plausible rationale that MP may confer protection against AMD. Level 1 evidence has shown that dietary supplementation with broad-spectrum anti-oxidants results in risk reduction for AMD progression. Studies have …
Measuring Aniseikonia Using Scattering Filters To Simulate Cataract,
2011
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Measuring Aniseikonia Using Scattering Filters To Simulate Cataract, Jason Anthony Wilson
All ETDs from UAB
MEASURING ANISEIKONIA USING SCATTERING FILTERS TO SIMULATE CATARACT JASON WILSON DEPARTMENT OF VISION SCIENCE ABSTRACT The relationship between anisometropia and aniseikonia (ANK) is not well understood. Ametropic cataract patients provide a unique opportunity to study this relationship after undergoing emmetropizing lens extraction. Because light scatter may affect ANK measurement in cataract patients, its effect should also be evaluated. The Basic Aniseikonia Test (BAT) was evaluated using afocal size lenses to produce specific changes in retinal height. Several light scattering devices were then evaluated to determine which produced effects most similar to cataract. Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity (VA) losses were …
Addressing The Burden Of Uncorrected Refractive Error In Mozambique,
2011
Technological University Dublin
Addressing The Burden Of Uncorrected Refractive Error In Mozambique, Stephen Thompson, James Loughman, Prasidh Ramson, Luigi Bilotti, Geoff Harris, Kovin Naidoo
Conference Papers
A situational analysis indicates a lack of eye health personnel who can and do refract. The logical course of action would be to train more eye health personnel. A conservative estimated annual burden of URE in lost productivity in Mozambique is $14,486,692. To achieve the V2020 target ratio, an extra 184 workers are needed in six provinces analysed.The analysis assumes the existing personnel are well trained and dedicate time to offering a refraction service. It also assumes that the patient receives the care they require. Other aspects of the situational analysis suggest this is currently not always the case. A …
An Evaluation Of A Novel Instrument For Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density: The Mps 9000,
2011
Technological University Dublin
An Evaluation Of A Novel Instrument For Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density: The Mps 9000, James Loughman, Grainne Scanlon, John Nolan, Veronica O'Dwyer, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Purpose: Of the antioxidants found in the human retina, only the macular carotenoid quantities can be estimated noninvasively (albeit in a collective fashion), thus facilitating study of their role in that tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate concordance between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) values recorded on a commercially available instrument, the MPS 9000, with those of an already validated heterochromatic flicker photometry instrument. Also, we assessed and compared test–retest variability for each instrument.
Methods: Macular pigment optical density at 0.5 retinal eccentricity was measured using two different heterochromatic flicker photometers, the MPS 9000 and the Macular …
Behavior Of Midbrain Vergence Cells During Stepwise Transfers Of Gaze And Oblique Tracking In Depth,
2011
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Behavior Of Midbrain Vergence Cells During Stepwise Transfers Of Gaze And Oblique Tracking In Depth, Leah Corthell
All ETDs from UAB
A long standing debate regarding the neural organization of oculomotor control began in the late 1800's with Hering and von Helmholtz proposing two opposing ideologies. Von Helmholtz proposed a monocular structure of the oculomotor circuitry in which each eye receives separate motor commands. Hering offered his law of equal innervation, which states that all eye movements are the sum of binocular vergence and conjugate commands. As a test of Hering's binocular proposal, this project compared the behavior of midbrain vergence cells during: 1) saccade-free stepwise transfers of gaze in depth; 2) combined saccade-vergence eye movements; 3) pure vergence tracking, and …
Tear Component Interference In Bead-Based Biomarker Assays Using Magnetic Beads,
2011
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Tear Component Interference In Bead-Based Biomarker Assays Using Magnetic Beads, Larezia Denise Williams
All ETDs from UAB
Cytokines in tears can be biomarkers for ocular inflammation in dry eye subjects. Multiplex bead-based assays measure the concentration of multiple cytokines in a single tear sample. Bio-Rad® polystyrene bead-based assay kits have provided acceptable results for tear samples in this lab. Recently, Bio-Rad decided to replace polystyrene beads with magnetic beads. In earlier experiments in this laboratory, magnetic bead-based as-says did not produce results equivalent to polystyrene bead-based assays. The purpose of this investigation was to modify the magnetic bead-based tear cytokine assay to produce equivalent results to those obtained with the polystyrene bead-based assay. The modifications included running …
Post-Translational Modifications, Structure And Function Of Human Lens Crystallins,
2011
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Post-Translational Modifications, Structure And Function Of Human Lens Crystallins, Chinwe Asomugha
All ETDs from UAB
Cataract is an opacification of the lens causing reduction in vision over time. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss among adults age 55 and older. The lens is a transparent structure that focuses incoming light onto the retina for visual perception. It has a high protein content, attributed mainly to water-soluble proteins known as crystallins. With age, crystallins undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs) that alter their structural and/or functional properties and, in turn, lead to cataract formation. The purpose of this research was to take a top-down approach in understanding changes in lens proteins with age, starting …
Psychophysical Impact And Optical And Morphological Characteristics Of Symptomatic Non-Advanced Cataract.,
2011
University of Dublin, Trinity College
Psychophysical Impact And Optical And Morphological Characteristics Of Symptomatic Non-Advanced Cataract., S. Charalampidou, J. Nolan, James Loughman, J. Stack, Lorraine Cassidy, S. Beatty
Articles
Purpose To investigate whether
/="/">psychophysical, morphological, and/or optical
/="/">characteristics of symptomatic non-advanced
/="/">cataract are complementary to, or more
/="/">appropriate than, visual acuity (VA) for the
/="/">purposes of recording visual data that reflect
/="/">subjective visual difficulty in patients with
/="/">cataract that exhibit relative sparing of high
/="/">contrast acuity (0.4 logarithm of minimal angle
/="/">of resolution (logMAR) scale or better).
The Impact Of Macular Pigment Augmentation On Visual Performance In Normal Subjects: Compass,
2011
Waterford Institute of Technology
The Impact Of Macular Pigment Augmentation On Visual Performance In Normal Subjects: Compass, John Nolan, James Loughman, Akkali Makunda, Jim Stack, Grainne Scanlon, Peter Davison, Stephen Beatty
Articles
This study was conducted to investigate whether augmentation of macular pigment (MP) enhances visual performance (VP). 121 normal subjects were recruited. The active (A) group consumed 12 mg of lutein (L) and 1 mg of zeaxanthin (Z) daily. MP optical density (MPOD) was assessed by customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. VP was assessed as best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity (CS), glare disability, photostress, and subjective visual function. Subjects were assessed at baseline; 3; 6; 12 months (V1, V2, V3 and V4, respectively). Central MPOD increased significantly in the A group (p < 0.05) but not in the placebo group (p > 0.05). This statistically …
Prognostic Indicators And Outcome Measures For Surgical Removal Of Symptomatic Nonadvanced Cataract,
2011
Whitfield Clinic
Prognostic Indicators And Outcome Measures For Surgical Removal Of Symptomatic Nonadvanced Cataract, Sofia Charalampidou, James Loughman, John Nolan, Jim Stack, Lorraine Cassidy, Konrad Pesudovs, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Objectives:
To report changes in perceived visual functioning after surgery for symptomatic cataract with pre-operative corrected distance visual acuity [CDVA] of 0.4 logMar or better (Snellen equivalent, 20/50) and to investigate the relationship between any observed changes and preoperative physical characteristics and psycho-physical consquences of the lens opacity and any changes in psychophysical findings after the procedure.
Estimation Of Effective Lens Position Using A Method Independent Of Preoperative Keratometry Readings,
2011
Waterford Regional Hospital
Estimation Of Effective Lens Position Using A Method Independent Of Preoperative Keratometry Readings, I. Dooley, S. Charalampidou, John Nolan, James Loughman, Molly Breen, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Purpose
To evaluate the validity of a keratometry (K)-independent method of estimating effective lens position (ELP) before phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
Setting
Institute of Eye Surgery, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland.
Design
Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology.
Methods
The anterior chamber diameter and corneal height in eyes scheduled for cataract surgery were measured with a rotating Scheimpflug camera. Corneal height and anterior chamber diameter were used to estimate the ELP in a K-independent method (using the SRK/T [ELPrs] and Holladay 1 [ELPrh] formulas).
Results
The mean ELP was calculated using the traditional (mean ELPs 5.59 mm …
Supplementation With All Three Macular Carotenoids: Response, Stability, And Safety,
2011
Waterford Institute of Technology
Supplementation With All Three Macular Carotenoids: Response, Stability, And Safety, Eithne Connolly, Stephen Beatty, James Loughman, Alan Howard, Michael Louw, John Nolan
Articles
Purpose This study was designed to investigate serum and macular response, and safety, to supplementation with meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), the carotenoids that constitute macular pigment (MP).
Materials and Methods 44 healthy subjects were recruited into this randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Subjects consumed one tablet per day containing 10.6 mg MZ, 5.9 mg L and 1.2 mg Z (Intervention, I group) or placebo (P group). The spatial profile of MP optical density (MPOD) was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP), and serum concentrations of L and Z were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subjects …
Online Amd Research Study For Optometrists: Current Practice In The Republic Of Ireland And Uk,
2011
Technological University Dublin
Online Amd Research Study For Optometrists: Current Practice In The Republic Of Ireland And Uk, James Loughman, John Nolan, James Stack, Stephen Beatty
Articles
No abstract provided.
Soft Contact Lens-Induced Corneal Warpage,
2011
Technological University Dublin
Soft Contact Lens-Induced Corneal Warpage, Aoife Lloyd Mckernan, Luisa Simo Mannion, Linda Moore
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Mozambique Eyecare Programme – A Partnership Which Addresses Avoidable Blindness In Lusophone Africa,
2010
Technological University Dublin
The Mozambique Eyecare Programme – A Partnership Which Addresses Avoidable Blindness In Lusophone Africa, Aoife Phelan, James Loughman, Eva Doyle
Conference Papers
According to the WHO about 831 million people are visually impaired worldwide, 45 million of them are blind. Most people with visual impairment are older, and females are more at risk at every age, in every part of the world. Uncorrected Refractive Error accounts for over half of all visual impairment. About 87% of the worlds visually impaired live in developing countries. The Mozambique Eyecare Programme (MEP) is a cross institutional collaboration between governments, higher education institutions, non-governmental organisations and corporations. The aims of this Programme are to collaborate to provide a sustainable solution to the problem of avoidable blindness …
Visionary Fall 2010,
2010
Nova Southeastern University
Effect On Refractive Outcomes After Cataract Surgery Of Intraocular Lens Constant Personalization Using The Haigis Formula,
2010
Waterford Institute of Technology
Effect On Refractive Outcomes After Cataract Surgery Of Intraocular Lens Constant Personalization Using The Haigis Formula, Sofia Charalampidou, Lorraine Cassidy, Eugene Ng, James Loughman, John Nolan, Jim Stack, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Methods Personalization of Haigis IOL constants was performed using a series of 248 suitable eyes after biometry by partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) and IOL prediction based on optimized IOL constants derived from pooled data from the User Group for Laser Interference Biometry web site. A mean error of prediction and a mean absolute error were then calculated using the personalized IOL constants and compared with those derived using optimized IOL constants, allowing evaluation and quantification of the maximum realizable refractive benefits (if any) of personalization. Results There was no statistically significant difference between personalized and optimized Haigis IOL constants in …
Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification With And Without Correction For Posture-Related Ocular Cyclotorsion,
2010
Waterford Regional Hospital
Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification With And Without Correction For Posture-Related Ocular Cyclotorsion, I. Dooley, S. Charalampidou, A. Malik, G. Ormonde, James Loughman, Laura Molloy, Stephen Beatty
Articles
Purpose To report the impact of posture-related ocular cyclotorsion on one surgeon's surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) results and the variance in SIA. Setting Institute of Eye Surgery, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland. Methods This prospective randomized controlled study included eyes that had phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Eyes were randomly assigned to have (intervention group) or not have (control group) correction for posture-related ocular cyclotorsion. In the intervention group, the clear corneal incision was placed precisely at the 120-degree meridian with instruments designed to correct posture-related ocular cyclotorsion. In the control group, the surgeon endeavored to place the incision at the …
The Relationship Between Macular Pigment And Visual Performance,
2010
Technological University Dublin
The Relationship Between Macular Pigment And Visual Performance, James Loughman, Mukunda Akkali, Stephen Beatty, Grainne Scanlon, Peter Davison, Veronica O'Dwyer, Thomas Cantwell, Philip Major, Jim Stack, John Nolan
Articles
This study was designed to assess whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is associated with visual performance. One hundred and forty-two young healthy subjects were recruited. Macular pigment optical density and visual performance were assessed by psychophysical tests including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, photostress recovery time (PRT). Measures of central visual function, including BCVA and contrast sensitivity, were positively associated with MPOD (p < 0.05, for all). Photostress recovery and glare sensitivity were unrelated to MPOD (p > 0.05). A longitudinal, placebo-controlled and randomized supplementation trial will be required to ascertain whether augmentation of MPOD can influence visual performance.
