Marine Biology Commons^™

Mercury And Selenium In Fishes From The Gulf Of Thailand:Balancing Consumption Risk, Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Consumption of marine fish, a high protein source, has been hampered by mercury (Hg) contamination. To date, selenium (Se), a co-occurrence element, has been perceived to reduce Hg toxicity. Health risk of Hg exposure via fish consumption might be re-estimated using Se-Hg connection. Total Hg (T-Hg) contamination in seafood was investigated in 60 individual (22, 4 and 6 species of fish, cephalopods and shellfish, respectively) purchased from two supermarkets in Bangkok and in 622 individuals (total 27 fish species) caught by bottom trawling from 63 stations in the Gulf Thailand (GoT). Se-Hg connection was studied in 19 selected fish species …

Venom Characterization And Toxicology Of Box Jellyfish Chironex Indrasaksajiae, Chanikarn Yongstar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Box jellyfish is considered one of the most venomous animals. The genus Chironex (C. indrasaksajiae) is a multi-tentacle box jellyfish found in Thai waters that are dangerous to humans, particularly the venom that could cause death within minutes. This study aimed to perform a proteomic approach to characterize the protein components of C. indrasaksajiae venom. A total of 532 unique protein groups were identified, including toxins and proteins essential for nematocyte development and nematocyst formation (nematogenesis). Toxins CfTX-1 and CfTX-2, with sequence coverage of 39.3 percent and 34.8 percent, respectively, are the most abundant in the venom of C. indrasaksajiae. …

การศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ของกำลังการผลิตขั้นต้นและความผันแปรของสารอาหารบริเวณปากแม่น้ำและอ่าวไทยตอนใน, เจริญลักษณ์ สุชาติพงษ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

บริเวณอ่าวไทยตอนในเป็นเอสทูรีขนาดใหญ่ ซึ่งรับน้ำจืดมาจากแม่น้ำ 4 สายหลัก คือ แม่น้ำแม่กลอง แม่น้ำท่าจีน แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา และแม่น้ำบางปะกง จึงทำให้บริเวณอ่าวไทยตอนในเป็นถิ่นที่อยู่อาศัย แหล่งอาหาร และที่หลบภัย ของสัตว์ทะเล ซึ่งมีคุณค่าทางเศรษฐกิจ ทำให้ผู้วิจัยมีความสนใจในการศึกษากำลังการผลิตขั้นต้นของแพลงก์ตอนพืชบริเวณดังกล่าว ด้วยวิธีคาร์บอน-13 ของขวดมืดและขวดสว่าง พบว่า ปริมาณกำลังการผลิตขั้นต้นของแพลงก์ตอนพืชบริเวณปากแม่น้ำ ในฤดูมรสุมตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ (30 พฤษภาคม-14 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2562) และฤดูมรสุมตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ (25 ตุลาคม-19 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2562) มีค่าอยู่ในช่วง 0.05-11.37 และ 0.02-3.07 มิลลิกรัมคาร์บอนต่อลูกบาศก์เมตรต่อชั่วโมง และบริเวณอ่าวไทยตอนใน ฤดูมรสุมตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ (9-12 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2562) และช่วงเปลี่ยนฤดูมรสุม (8-12 มีนาคม พ.ศ.2563) มีค่าอยู่ในช่วง 0.15-5.15 และ 0.30-10.09 มิลลิกรัมคาร์บอนต่อลูกบาศก์เมตรต่อชั่วโมง ตามลำดับ เนื่องจากผู้วิจัยมีความสนใจที่จะศึกษากำลังการผลิตขั้นต้นของแพลงก์ตอนพืชต่างขนาด จึงได้ทำการศึกษากำลังการผลิตขั้นต้นของแพลงก์ตอนพืชต่างขนาด 2 ชนิด ในห้องปฏิบัติการ คือ ไมโครแพลงก์ตอนพืช Chattonella sp. และนาโนแพลงก์ตอนพืช Isochrysis sp. ด้วยวิธีวัดปริมาณออกซิเจนละลายของขวดมืดและขวดสว่าง โดยเพาะเลี้ยงแพลงก์ตอนพืชทั้งสองชนิด ในสภาวะเลี้ยงเดี่ยว ด้วยอาหารสูตร T1 ที่ความเข้มข้น 100% และสภาวะเลี้ยงรวม ด้วยอาหารสูตร T1 ที่ความเข้มข้น 100% 50% และ 1% พบว่า (1) ความเข้มข้นของสารอาหาร ส่งผลต่อจำนวนเซลล์ ขนาดเซลล์ กำลังการผลิตขั้นต้น ปริมาณคลอโรฟิลล์เอ และช่วงชีวิต (2) นาโนแพลงก์ตอนพืชในสภาวะเลี้ยงรวม มีกำลังการผลิตขั้นต้นสูงกว่าในสภาวะเลี้ยงเดี่ยวมาก เนื่องจากมีการปรับลดจำนวนเซลล์และขนาดเซลล์ แต่เพิ่มปริมาณคลอโรฟิลล์เอ นอกจากนี้ นาโนแพลงก์ตอนพืชยังมีการปรับระยะเวลาที่ค่าประสิทธิภาพกำลังการผลิตขั้นต้นต่อหน่วยคลอโรฟิลล์เอ (PP/Chl a) สูง ให้ยาวขึ้น และปรับปริมาณคลอโรฟิลล์เอต่อเซลล์ (Chl …

Response Of Fish And Invertebrate Larvae To Backreef Sounds At Varying Distances: Implications For Habitat Restoration, Emily R. Anderson, Jack Butler, Mark J. Butler

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Underwater sound is used by many marine larvae to orient to coastal habitats including backreef, sponge-dominated hardbottom habitat in the Florida Keys (FL, United States)—a particularly “noisy” coastal habitat. However, the distance over which acoustic cues are attractive to settlement-stage larvae is generally unknown. We examined this phenomenon in a region of the Florida Keys where mass sponge die-offs have diminished both underwater soundscapes and larval settlement. The absence of pronounced hardbottom-associated sound over such a large area allowed us to experimentally test in situ the response of fish and invertebrate larvae to broadcasted sounds at different distances from their …

Contrasting Heat Stress Response Patterns Of Coral Holobionts Across The Red Sea Suggest Distinct Mechanisms Of Thermal Tolerance, Christian R. Voolstra, Jacob J. Valenzuela, Serdar Turkarslan, Anny Cárdenas, Benjamin C.C. Hume, Gabriela Perna, Carol Buitrago-López, Katherine Rowe, Monica V. Orellana, Nitin S. Baliga, Suman Paranjape, Guilhem Banc-Prandi, Jessica Bellworthy, Moaz Fine, Sarah Frias-Torres, Daniel J. Barshis

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Corals from the northern Red Sea, in particular the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), have exceptionally high bleaching thresholds approaching >5℃ above their maximum monthly mean (MMM) temperatures. These elevated thresholds are thought to be due to historical selection, as corals passed through the warmer Southern Red Sea during recolonization from the Arabian Sea. To test this hypothesis, we determined thermal tolerance thresholds of GoA versus central Red Sea (CRS) Stylophora pistillata corals using multi-temperature acute thermal stress assays to determine thermal thresholds. Relative thermal thresholds of GoA and CRS corals were indeed similar and exceptionally high (~7℃ above MMM). However, …

The Conservation Status Of Marine Biodiversity Of The Western Indian Ocean, R. Bullock, Gina Ralph, E. Stump, F. Al Abdali, J. Al Asfoor, B. Al Buwaiqi, A. Al Kindi, A. Ambuali, Tiffany Birge, P. Borsa, F. Di Dario, B. Everett, S. Fennessy, C. Fonseca, Claire Gorman, A. Govender, H. Ho, W. Holleman, N. Jiddawi, M. Khan, H. Larson, Christi Linardich, P. Matiku, K. Matsuura, C. Maunde, H. Motomura, T. Munroe, R. Nair, C. Obota, B. Polidoro, B. Russell, S. Shaheen, Y. Sithole, W. Smith-Vaniz, F. Uiblein, S. Weerts, A. Williams, S. Yahya, Kent Carpenter

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is comprised of productive and highly diverse marine ecosystems that are rich sources of food security, livelihoods, and natural wonder. The ecological services that species provide are vital to the productivity of these ecosystems and healthy biodiversity is essential for the continued support of economies and local users. The stability of these valuable resources, however, is being eroded by growing threats to marine life from overexploitation, habitat degradation and climate change, all of which are causing serious reductions in marine ecosystem services and the ability of these ecosystems to support human communities. Quantifying the impacts …

Status Reports Of The Fisheries And Aquatic Resources Of Western Australia 2020/21, S.J. Newman, B.S. Wise, K.G. Santoro, D.J. Gaughan

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

The Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of Western Australia (SRFAR) provide an annual update on the state of the fish stocks and other aquatic resources of Western Australia (WA). These reports outline the most recent assessments of the cumulative risk status for each of the aquatic resources (assets) within WA’s six Bioregions using an Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) approach. The Departments’ risk based EBFM framework is the State government’s basis for management of all Western Australia’s aquatic resources.

Response Of Coastal Ichthyoplankton Assemblages Off Northern California To Seasonal Oceanographic And Climate Variability, Blair M. Winnacott

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This study analyzed samples collected along the Trinidad Head Line (41°N) to characterize variability in the ichthyoplankton assemblage in coastal waters off northern California from late 2007 through 2019, a period during which a major marine heatwave (MHW; late 2014-16) strongly perturbed the ecosystem. I augmented visual identification with genetic techniques to resolve the species composition of visually cryptic larval rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). While taxonomic composition off northern California was largely similar to studies off Oregon and Washington, and cross-shelf structure and seasonal patterns in species’ abundance were generally consistent with the distribution and phenology of parental stocks, interannual …

Effect Of Seawater Ageing On Fracture Toughness Of Stitched Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminates For Marine Applications, Atizaz Hassan, Rafiullah Khan, Numan Khan, Muhammad Aamir, Danil Y. Pimenov, Khaled Giasin

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Composite materials are used in various industries such as marine, aircraft, automotive, etc. In marine applications, composites are exposed to seawater, which can affect their mechanical properties due to moisture absorption. This work focuses on the durability of composite materials under the short-term effect of seawater ageing. The specimens were prepared from glass fiber/epoxy using a hand lap-up method and stitched in the z-direction with Kevlar fiber. The specimens were submerged in seawater for 24 and 35 days. A significant decrease in maximum load was found as specimen immersion time in seawater increased. The seawater ageing also affected fracture toughness …

What Lies Beneath: Predicting Seagrass Below-Ground Biomass From Above-Ground Biomass, Environmental Conditions And Seagrass Community Composition, C. J. Collier, L. M. Langlois, Kathryn M. Mcmahon, J. Udy, M. Rasheed, E. Lawrence, A. B. Carter, M. W. Fraser, L. J. Mckenzie

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 Seagrass condition, resilience and ecosystem services are affected by the below-ground tissues (BGr) but these are rarely monitored. In this study we compiled historical data across northern Australia to investigate biomass allocation strategies in 13 tropical seagrass species. There was sufficient data to undertake statistical analysis for five species: Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii, and Zostera muelleri. The response of below-ground biomass (BGr) to above-ground biomass (AGr) and other environmental and seagrass community composition predictor variables were assessed using Generalized Linear Models. Environmental data included: region, season, sediment type, water depth, proximity to land-based sources …

Resource Characterization And Utilization Of Lepironia Articulata (Retz.) Domin At Kg. Beris Tok Kuand Kg. Beting Lintang, Terengganu, Shoma Tani

Student Works (2020-2029)

This research focused on how handicrafts could contribute to sustainable community development with natural resource management. This research aims to characterize Lepironia articulata as a resource by taxonomy and distribution patterns, examine its utilization through group and semi-structured interviews with ten local residents who got involved in handicraft productions at two selected villages in Setiu Wetlands of Terengganu state and identify their capacity development opportunities by following a guideline provided by United Nations Development Programme. This research clarified that the height of Lepironia articulata in Setiu Wetlands was shorter than the records of the other description and the other site …

Resolving Variability In Size Structure In An Individual-Based Model For The North Pacific Krill, Euphausia Pacifica, Roxanne Robertson

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Individual-based models (IBMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for ecological research and are particularly well suited to studies of plankton ecology. In this thesis, I develop an IBM for the North Pacific krill, Euphausia pacifica, with the goal of replicating observed variability in size-structure in the northern California Current Ecosystem. Krill, and E. pacifica in particular, are central to the structure and function of the California Current Ecosystem. Their response to environmental forcing translates climate variability to higher trophic levels and underpins broader ecosystem responses. Recent observations indicate environmental and climate-related shifts in E. pacifica size distributions, which …

Assessing The Significance Of Substrate Color And Temperature On Balanus Glandula Growth And Survivorship, Nhi Phan

CMC Senior Theses

The body temperatures of intertidal species are strongly dependent on the temperature of their external environment. This study sought to understand the impact of a substrate’s color and subsequent temperature on Balanus glandula in order to predict the potential effects of warming temperatures from climate change on intertidal species. Barnacles were allowed to settle and grow on three differently colored plates and were photographically monitored over the course of eleven weeks. Settlement and survivorship were recorded on-site, while growth was tracked utilizing digital imaging software. It was hypothesized that barnacles on peach plates would perform the best since the ambient …

Evolution Of Island, Dominique Kongsli

The Transdisciplinary STEAM+ Journal

Evolution of Island emerged from the depths of an ocean of blue paint. My process involves observation of nature: I remember scuba diving in Thailand in the Andaman Sea and having a spiritual experience underwater while observing Christmas-tree worms pop in and out of the coral.

A Multidisciplinary Approach To Investigate Deep-Pelagic Ecosystem Dynamics In The Gulf Of Mexico Following Deepwater Horizon, April Cook, Andrea Bernard, Kevin M. Boswell, Heather Bracken-Grissom Dr., Marta D'Elia, Sergio Derada, Cole Easson, David English, Ron Eytan, Tamara Frank, Chuanmin Hu, Matt Johnston, Heather Judkins, Chad Lembke, Jose Lopez, Rosanna Milligan, Jon A. Moore, Brad Penta, Nina Pruzinsky, John A. Quinlan, Travis M. Richards, Isabel C. Romero, Mahmood S. Shivji, Michael Vecchione, Max D. Weber, R.J. David Wells, Tracey Sutton

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The pelagic Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is a complex system of dynamic physical oceanography (western boundary current, mesoscale eddies), high biological diversity, and community integration via diel vertical migration and lateral advection. Humans also heavily utilize this system, including its deep-sea components, for resource extraction, shipping, tourism, and other commercial activity. This utilization has had impacts, some with disastrous consequences. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWHOS) occurred at a depth of ∼1500 m (Macondo wellhead), creating a persistent and toxic mixture of hydrocarbons and dispersant in the deep-pelagic (water column below 200 m depth) habitat. In order to assess the …

Fish Don't Litter In Your House: Is International Law The Solution To The Plastic Pollution Problem?, Taylor G. Keselica

Pace International Law Review

This article addresses the complex issue of plastic pollution—focusing on ocean plastics. Specifically, this article examines the ocean plastics problem, critiques current binding and non-binding international environmental law surrounding ocean plastics, hazardous wastes, and pollution, and proposes a more effective solution to the ocean plastics problem. Section I provides a basic history of the creation of plastics and discusses plastics as they are used today. Section II considers the concerns surrounding ocean plastics, focusing on impacts of plastic on marine ecosystems as well as human health effects. Section III, IV, and V discuss the ongoing attempts to address the ocean …

Blenny Territoriality At Oyster Landing, North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina: Seasonal Patterns And Ecological Factors, Sydney Davis, Juliana Harding

Honors Theses

Temperate oyster reef blennies use oyster shells that are still articulated as habitat year round. During the breeding season when water temperatures are > 18-20°C, many species of blenny males use the oyster valves as nesting sites. Male blennies exhibit territorial behavior when guarding their nesting sites and can interact differently with conspecific and transient species. Striped blenny (Chasmodes bosquianus) and freckled blenny (Hypsoblennius ionthas) behavior was described from April 2020 to August 2020 at Oyster Landing, North Inlet estuary, South Carolina to quantify typical blenny behavior, general presence or absence of residents, and potential environmental parameters …

Infaunal Bivalve Density And Richness In North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina: Seasonal Patterns And Ecological Factors, Valerie M. Knowles, Juliana Harding

Honors Theses

Estuarine bivalves recruit to benthic habitats after the larvae are in the planktonic stage. The observed infaunal bivalve density relates to larval supply from adult reproduction during warmer months as well as larval and juvenile mortality post-recruitment. The purpose of this research was to examine annual and seasonal patterns of infaunal bivalve density and richness in the context of habitat water temperature and salinity. Cores were collected biweekly from Bly Creek in North Inlet estuary between January 2019 and February 2020. Temperatures ranged from 9-30 ºC and salinity ranged from ~17-36 psu. Bivalves were sieved out of the cores, counted, …

Ocean Acidification And Fish Respiration: A Study On The Anatomical, Physiological, And Behavioral Adaptations Of Fishes And Their Ability To Cope With Decreasing Seawater Ph, Mark P. Rogers

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Abstract

Fish stocks across the globe are increasingly being relied upon to supply the ever-growing human population with high quality protein and other nutrients. In addition to fishing pressure, stressors brought on by climate changes, including ocean acidification and hypoxic conditions, have the potential for providing substantial negative impacts on the efficiency of fish respiration, internal acid-base balance, and energy budgets. To meaningfully integrate the potential impacts of ocean acidification on fishes into management practices it is important to study the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral adaptations that enable fish to cope with decreasing seawater pH and how those mechanisms might …

Algal Wrack Community Composition And Succession On A Sandy Beach In San Diego, Ca, Marisol Palomares

Theses

Sandy beaches are high-energy impact zones that produce little to no organic material. Much of the organic matter on beaches is washed up on shore in the form of algal wrack, providing a vital source of nutrients, food, and habitat for a variety of organisms on the sandy beach. Over time wrack will decay and decompose, releasing nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus, which are consumed by benthic microalgae and bacteria. The type of wrack and geomorphology of the beach environments affect decomposition, which in turn supports a variety of different wrack associated macrofaunal communities. Different species of algal wrack will …