Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (Modis) Observations Of Cyanobacteria Blooms In Taihu Lake, China,
2010
University of South Florida
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (Modis) Observations Of Cyanobacteria Blooms In Taihu Lake, China, Chuanmin Hu, Zhongping Lee, Ronghua Ma, Kun Yu, Daqiu Li, Shaoling Shang
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A novel approach was used with data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to characterize the intense blooms of cyanobacteria (primarily Microcystis aeruginosa) in Taihu Lake, China's third largest freshwater lake. The approach involves first deriving a floating algae index (FAI) based on the medium‐resolution (250 and 500 m) MODIS reflectance data at 645, 859, and 1240 nm after correction of the ozone/gaseous absorption and Rayleigh scattering effects and then objectively determining the FAI threshold value (−0.004) to separate the bloom and nonbloom waters. By definition, the term “bloom” or “floating algae” refers to bloom where cyanobacteria form …
A Test Of The Area Of Refuge Hypothesis In Indo-Pacific Marine Biogeography,
2010
Old Dominion University
A Test Of The Area Of Refuge Hypothesis In Indo-Pacific Marine Biogeography, Jonnell C. Sanciangco
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the marine biogeographic patterns of species richness of the Indo-Pacific. One of these hypotheses suggests that available habitat area is the main predictor of species richness. This is the basis for the area of refuge hypothesis that attempts to explain the global maxima of species richness found in the Coral Triangle, the area encompassing mostly the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. This species-area effect also has habitat heterogeneity as a potential component. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of habitat availability predictors, such as shallow water area and coastline length …
The Ontogeny Of Muscle Structure And Locomotory Function In The Long-Finned Squid Doryteuthis Pealeii,
2010
Old Dominion University
The Ontogeny Of Muscle Structure And Locomotory Function In The Long-Finned Squid Doryteuthis Pealeii, J. T. Thompson, I. K. Bartol, A. E. Baksi, P. S. Krueger
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Understanding the extent to which changes in muscle form and function underlie ontogenetic changes in locomotory behaviors and performance is important in understanding the evolution of musculoskeletal systems and also the ecology of different life stages. We explored ontogenetic changes in the structure, myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression and contractile properties of the circular muscles that provide power for jet locomotion in the long-finned squid Doryteuthis pealeii. The circular muscle fibers of newly hatched paralarvae had different sizes, shapes, thick filament lengths, thin: thick filament ratio, myofilament organization and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) distribution than those of adults. Viewed in …
Stewardship Plan For The 5 Corners Reserve, Lee, Nh,
2010
Ibis Wildlife Consulting
Stewardship Plan For The 5 Corners Reserve, Lee, Nh, Ellen Snyder
PREP Reports & Publications
The 20.7–acre Lee Five Corners Reserve (Reserve) is located north of Route 4 and west of Snell Road in the northern “Five Corners” region of Lee, New Hampshire. The property is accessed at the end of Old Concord Turnpike, which leads northwest from Snell Road near the intersection of Route 155 (Map 1). The gravel access road continues through the Five Corners Reserve and onto a Town of Durham parcel that houses a public drinking water well. An iron gate that blocks public access to the Durham well site is located on the Five Corners Reserve. A small parking area …
Review Of Erosion And Sedimentation Control Programs In The Piscataqua Region,
2010
FB Environmental Associates, Inc.
Review Of Erosion And Sedimentation Control Programs In The Piscataqua Region, Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership, Ken Hickey, Cayce Dalton, Jeff Clifford
PREP Reports & Publications
The Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership (PREP) seeks to minimize adverse impacts to water resources associated with construction site development activities. In order to achieve this goal, PREP must understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing erosion and sedimentation control (E&SC) programs in the 52 municipalities of the PREP water shed (Figure 1-1). A detailed understanding of the existing E&SC programs will enable PREP and other stakeholders to identify and implement actions to improve E&SC programs and minimize adverse impacts. This report provides a review and assessment of existing erosion and sedimentation control programs and a set of recommendations for improving …
Diversity Partitioning Of Stony Corals Across Multiple Spatial Scales Around Zanzibar Island, Tanzania,
2010
Florida Institute of Technology
Diversity Partitioning Of Stony Corals Across Multiple Spatial Scales Around Zanzibar Island, Tanzania, Robert Van Woesik, Assaf Zvuloni, Yossi Loya
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The coral reefs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja, Tanzania) encompass a considerable proportion of the global coralreef diversity and are representative of the western Indian Ocean region. Unfortunately, these reefs have been recently subjected to local and regional disturbances. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are potentially non-random processes forcing the observed coral diversity patterns, and highlight where and at which spatial scales these processes might be most influential. Methodology/Principal Findings: A hierarchical (nested) sampling design was employed across three spatial scales, ranging from transects (≤20 m), stations (<100 m), to sites (<1000 m), to examine coral diversity patterns. Two of the four sites, Chumbe and Mnemba, were located within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), while the other two sites, Changuu and Bawe, were not protected. Additive partitioning of coral diversity was used to separate regional (total) diversity (γ) into local a diversity and among-sample β diversity components. Individual-based null models were used to identify deviations from random distribution across the three spatial scales. We found that Chumbe and Mnemba had similar diversity components to those predicted by the null models. However, the diversity at Changuu and Bawe was lower than expected at all three spatial scales tested. Consequently, the relative contribution of the among-site diversity component was significantly greater than expected. Applying partitioning analysis for each site separately revealed that the within-transect diversity component in Changuu was significantly lower than the null expectation. Conclusions/Significance: The non-random outcome of the partitioning analyses helped to identify the among-sites scale (i.e., 10's of kilometers) and the within-transects scale (i.e., a few meters; especially at Changuu) as spatial boundaries within which to examine the processes that may interact and disproportionately differentiate coral diversity. In light of coral community compositions and diversity patterns we strongly recommend that Bawe be declared a MPA.
Processes Influencing Seasonal Hypoxia In The Northern California Current System,
2010
University of Washington
Processes Influencing Seasonal Hypoxia In The Northern California Current System, Thomas Connolly, Barbara Hickey, S. Geier, William Cochlan
Faculty Publications
This paper delineates the role of physical and biological processes contributing to hypoxia, dissolved oxygen (DO) < 1.4 mL/L, over the continental shelf of Washington State in the northern portion of the California Current System. In the historical record (1950–1986), during the summer upwelling season, hypoxia is more prevalent and severe off Washington than further south off northern Oregon. Recent data (2003–2005) show that hypoxia over the Washington shelf occurred at levels previously observed in the historical data. The year 2006 was an exception, with hypoxia covering ∼5000 km2 of the Washington continental shelf and DO concentrations below 0.5 mL/L at the inner shelf, lower than any known previous observations at that location. In the 4 years studied, upwelling of low DO water and changes in source water contribute to interannual variability, but cannot account for seasonal decreases below hypoxic concentrations. Deficits of DO along salinity surfaces, indicating biochemical consumption of DO, vary significantly between surveys, accounting for additional decreases of 0.5–2.5 mL/L by late summer. DO consumption is associated with denitrification, an indicator of biochemical sediment processes. Mass balances of DO and nitrate show that biochemical processes in the water column and sediments each contribute ∼50% to the total consumption of DO in near-bottom water. At shorter than seasonal time scales on the inner shelf, along-shelf advection of hypoxic patches and cross-shelf advection of seasonal gradients are both shown to be important, changing DO concentrations by 1.5 mL/L or more over 5 days.
Distribution Of Allatostatin C-Like Immunoreactivity In The Central Nervous System Of The Copepod Crustacean Calanus Finmarchicus,
2010
Chapman University
Distribution Of Allatostatin C-Like Immunoreactivity In The Central Nervous System Of The Copepod Crustacean Calanus Finmarchicus, Caroline H. Wilson, Andrew E. Christie
Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles
The C-type allatostatins (C-ASTs) are a family of highly pleiotropic arthropod neuropeptides. In crustaceans, transcriptomic/mass spectral studies have identified C-ASTs in the nervous systems of many species; the cellular distributions of these peptides remain unknown. Here, the distribution of C-AST was mapped in the nervous system of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, the major contributor to the North Atlantic’s zooplanktonic biomass; C-AST-immunopositive neurons were identified in the protocerebrum, in several peripheral ganglia associated with feeding appendages, and in the ganglia controlling the swimming legs, with immunopositive axons present throughout the ventral nerve cord. In addition, axons innervating the dorsal longitudinal …
The 13c Suess Effect In Scleractinian Corals Mirror Changes In The Anthropogenic Co2 Inventory Of The Surface Oceans,
2010
University of Miami
The 13c Suess Effect In Scleractinian Corals Mirror Changes In The Anthropogenic Co2 Inventory Of The Surface Oceans, Peter Koenraad Swart, Lisa Greer, Brad E. Rosenheim, Chris S. Moses, Amanda J. Waite, A. Winter, Richard E. Dodge, Kevin P. Helmle
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
New δ13C data are presented from 10 coral skeletons collected from Florida and elsewhere in the Caribbean (Dominica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Belize). These corals range from 96 to 200 years in age and were collected between 1976 and 2002. The change in the δ13C of the skeletons from these corals between 1900 and 1990 has been compared with 27 other published coral records from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The new data presented here make possible, for the first time, a global comparison of rates of change in the δ13C value …
The Oyster River Culvert Analysis Project,
2010
Synthetic International
The Oyster River Culvert Analysis Project, L. Stack, M. H, Simpson, T. Crosslin, Robert Roseen, D. Sowers, C. Lawson
PREP Reports & Publications
Studies have already detected intensification of precipitation events consistent with climate change projections. Communities may have a window of opportunity to prepare, but information sufficiently quantified and localized to support adaptation programs is sparse: published literature is typically characterized by general resilience building or regional vulnerability studies. The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC observed that adaptation can no longer be postponed pending the effective elimination of uncertainty. Methods must be developed that manage residual uncertainty, providing community leaders with decision-support information sufficient for implementing infrastructure adaptation programs. This study developed a local-scale and actionable protocol for maintaining historical risk …
Town Of New Durham Stormwater Management & Erosion Control Project,
2010
University of New Hampshire
Town Of New Durham Stormwater Management & Erosion Control Project, Town Of Durham
PREP Reports & Publications
Appledore Engineering worked with the New Durham Planning Board to develop a stormwater management and erosion control ordinance and to adopt complimentary improvements to the town’s site plan review and subdivision regulations.
Temporal Resolution And Spectral Sensitivity Of The Visual System Of Three Coastal Shark Species From Different Light Environments,
2010
Florida Atlantic University
Temporal Resolution And Spectral Sensitivity Of The Visual System Of Three Coastal Shark Species From Different Light Environments, D. Michelle Mccomb, Tamara M. Frank, Robert E. Hueter, Stephen M. Kajiura
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Visual temporal resolution and scotopic spectral sensitivity of three coastal shark species (bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo, scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini, and blacknose shark Carcharhinus acronotus) were investigated by electroretinogram. Temporal resolution was quantified under photopic and scotopic conditions using response waveform dynamics and maximum critical flicker‐fusion frequency (CFF). Photopic CFFmax was significantly higher than scotopic CFFmax in all species. The bonnethead had the shortest photoreceptor response latency time (23.5 ms) and the highest CFFmax (31 Hz), suggesting that its eyes are adapted for a bright photic environment. In contrast, the blacknose had the longest response …
Piscataqua Region Environmental Planning Assessment,
2010
Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership
Piscataqua Region Environmental Planning Assessment, Derek Sowers
PREP Reports & Publications
The Piscataqua Region Environmental Planning Assessment (PREPA) was conducted to document the current status of environmental planning efforts and land use regulations for each of the 42 New Hampshire municipalities and 10 Maine municipalities (city and town governments) in the Piscataqua Region. The assessment involved analysis of over 80 questions associated with municipal regulatory and non-regulatory approaches to resource management. The assessment theme areas include land protection, wildlife habitat, stormwater management, erosion/sediment control, wetland and shoreland protections, floodplain management, and drinking water source protection, among others. Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership (PREP) staff and Land Use Team worked closely with a …
Town Of Newington Stormwater Management Project,
2010
University of New Hampshire
Town Of Newington Stormwater Management Project, Town Of Newington
PREP Reports & Publications
The UNH Stormwater Center worked with the Newington Planning Board to improve the town’s site plan review regulations to better manage stormwater.
Beyond Affymetrix Arrays: Expanding The Set Of Known Hybridization Isotherms And Observing Pre-Wash Signal Intensities,
2010
University of Southern Mississippi
Beyond Affymetrix Arrays: Expanding The Set Of Known Hybridization Isotherms And Observing Pre-Wash Signal Intensities, Alexander Pozhitkov, Idrissa Boube, Marius Brouwer, Peter A. Noble
Faculty Publications
Microarray hybridization studies have attributed the nonlinearity of hybridization isotherms to probe saturation and post-hybridization washing. Both processes are thought to distort 'true' target abundance because immobilized probes are saturated with excess target and stringent washing removes loosely bound targets. Yet the paucity of studies aimed at understanding hybridization and dissociation makes it difficult to align physicochemical theory to microarray results. To fill the void, we first examined hybridization isotherms generated on different microarray platforms using a ribosomal RNA target and then investigated hybridization signals at equilibrium and after stringent wash. Hybridization signal at equilibrium was achieved by treating the …
Town Of Milton Shoreland Protection Project,
2010
University of New Hampshire
Town Of Milton Shoreland Protection Project, Town Of Milton Shoreland Protection Project
PREP Reports & Publications
Mettee Planning Consultants (MPC) worked with the Milton Conservation Commission to evaluate and streamline the town’s water resource protection regulations. One of the outcomes was revision and passage of a Shoreland Protection Overlay District as part of the town’s zoning ordinance.
Perspectives Of Underwater Optics In Biological Oceanography And Plankton Ecology Studies,
2010
Green Life Science Department, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongij-dong, Jongno-gu, SEOUL 110-743, South Korea
Perspectives Of Underwater Optics In Biological Oceanography And Plankton Ecology Studies, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Jiang-Shiou Hwang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
The ever expanding fields of UW (underwater) optics cover principal measurements of the optical properties of the sea, development of new methods of monitoring optical properties, techniques for measurements of organisms or structures in the sea and the development and application of optical instrumentation. In this respect, ocean optics is a multidisciplinary (and multinational) endeavour of science and engineering. Ocean optics has applications in the study of upwelling irradiance and chlorophyll concentrations in the ocean, in the penetration of solar radiation in shallow shelf seas and how this influences temperature profiles and ultimately its effect on sound propagation. Recent development …
Phenotypic Variance Predicts Symbiont Population Densities In Corals: A Modeling Approach,
2010
Florida Institute of Technology
Phenotypic Variance Predicts Symbiont Population Densities In Corals: A Modeling Approach, Robert Van Woesik, Kazuyo Shiroma, Semen Koksal
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
We test whether the phenotypic variance of symbionts (Symbiodinium) in corals is closely related with the capacity of corals to acclimatize to increasing seawater temperatures. Moreover, we assess whether more specialist symbionts will increase within coral hosts under ocean warming. The present study is only applicable to those corals that naturally have the capacity to support more than one type of Symbiodinium within the lifetime of a colony; for example, Montastraea annularis and Montastraea faveolata. Methodology/Principal Findings: The population dynamics of competing Symbiodinium symbiont populations were projected through time in coral hosts using a novel, discrete time optimal-resource model. Models …
Optical Brightener Study Of Spruce Creek,
2010
University of New Hampshire
Optical Brightener Study Of Spruce Creek, Town Of Kittery, Me, Fb Environmental Associates, Inc.
PREP Reports & Publications
Elevated bacteria levels in the Spruce Creek Watershed have led to shellfish bed closures in the Spruce Creek Estuary and impaired waters listings by the State of Maine. Since 2005, the Town of Kittery, Spruce Creek Association and numerous partners have assessed the local waters to attempt to determine the sources of bacteria impairment. Stormwater outfalls and residential septic systems have been identified as potential sources of impairment. To help address these concerns, the Town of Kittery received a grant in 2009 through the Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership to further investigate potential bacteria hotspots. Project staff worked with Federal, State …
Stewardship Plan Isinglass River Conservation Reserve, Strafford, Nh,
2010
Ibis Wildlife Consulting
Stewardship Plan Isinglass River Conservation Reserve, Strafford, Nh, Ellen Snyder, Dan Sperduto
PREP Reports & Publications
In addition to the significant frontage on the Isinglass River, the Hanson Lot supports myriad wetlands – vernal pools, beaver flowages, forested swamps, meadow marshes, and scrub-shrub wetlands. These are embedded within a hemlock – oak – beech - pine forest that was heavily logged in 1998. A plan to build a large 58- to 70-lot residential subdivision on the property was averted by the acquisition of the Hanson Lot as permanent conservation land. The Bedford property is also mostly wooded; the forest was carefully managed by previous owners and therefore retains a mix of tree species and ages. Together …
