Entomology Commons^™

Diversity And Community Assembly Patterns Of Epigean Vs. Troglobiont Spiders In The Iberian Peninsula, Pedro Cardoso

International Journal of Speleology

Cave-obligate organisms usually have smaller ranges and their assemblages have higher beta diversity than their epigean counterparts. Phylogenetic and functional diversity is usually low in cave communities, leading to taxonomic and functional disharmony, with entire groups missing from the subterranean realm. The objective of this work is to compare range, beta diversity, phylogenetic and functional diversity, taxonomic and functional disharmony of epigean versus troglobiont spiders in the Iberian Peninsula.

The median extent of occurrence was found to be 33 times higher for epigean than for cave species. Beta diversity was significantly higher for troglobiont assemblages. Cave assemblages present lower phylogenetic …

Gene Expression Profiling In The Thiamethoxam Resistant And Susceptible B-Biotype Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci, Wen Xie, Xin Yang, Shao-Ii Wang, Qing-Jun Wu, Ni-Na Yang, Ru-Mei Li, Xiao-Guo Jiao, Hui-Peng Pan, Bai-Ming Liu, Yun-Tao Feng, Bao-Yun Xu, Xuguo Zhou, You-Jun Zhang

Entomology Faculty Publications

Thiamethoxam has been used as a major insecticide to control the B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Due to its excessive use, a high level of resistance to thiamethoxam has developed worldwide over the past several years. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance in B. tabaci, gene profiles between the thiamethoxam-resistant and thiamethoxam-susceptible strains were investigated using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library approach. A total of 72 and 52 upand down-regulated genes were obtained from the forward and reverse SSH libraries, respectively. These expressed sequence tags (ESTs) belong to several functional categories based …

Increase In Susceptibility To Insecticides With Aging Of Wild Anopheles Gambiae Mosquitoes From Côte D’Ivoire, Mouhamadou S. Chouaibou, Joseph Chabi, Georgina Bingham, Tessa B. Knox, Louis N'Dri, Nestor B. Kesse, Bassirou Bonfoh, Helen V Pates Jamet

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Background: Appropriate monitoring of vector insecticide susceptibility is required to provide the rationale for optimal insecticide selection in vector control programs.

Methods: In order to assess the influence of mosquito age on susceptibility to various insecticides, field-collected larvae of An. gambiae s.l. from Tiassalé were reared to adults. Females aged 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 days were exposed to 5 insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, DDT, malathion and propoxur) using WHO susceptibility test kits. Outcome measures included the LT50 (exposure time required to achieve 50% knockdown), the RR (resistance ratio, i.e. a calculation of how much more resistant the wild population …

Ipm Team Representatives, Clyde L. Ogg, Erin Bauer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Contents

Acknowledgments...................... iv
Preface...................... v
Introduction...................... 1
Chapter 1 – What is Integrated Pest Management...................... 3
Chapter 2 – Monitoring and Inspecting...................... 15
Chapter 3 – Injury and Action Levels...................... 37
Chapter 4 – Treatment Strategies...................... 41
Chapter 5 – How to Develop an IPM Program...................... 49
Chapter 6 – IPM for Ants...................... 59
Chapter 7 – IPM for Cockroaches...................... 69
Chapter 8 – IPM for Bed Bugs...................... 81
Chapter 9 – IPM for Fabric and Pantry Pests...................... 87
Chapter 10 – IPM for Fleas...................... 95
Chapter 11 – IPM for Flies...................... 101
Chapter 12 – IPM for Head Lice...................... …

Inter- And Intraspecific Identification Of The Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna-Polymerase Chain Reaction, Steven R. Skoda, James L. Figarola, Saowaluck Pornkulwat, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is one of the most devastating arthropod pests of livestock in the Western Hemisphere. Early instars are very difficult to distinguish morphologically from several closely related blow fly species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) markers were developed for identifying C. hominivorax from other wound inhabiting species. Forty decameric primers were screened; nine showed clear reproducible RAPD profiles suitable for distinguishing all life stages of C. hominivorax from 7 other species, including C. macellaria (Fabricius). The results from RAPD-PCR with field-collected samples of unknown first instars agreed with morphological identification that the …

Using Sex Pheromone Traps In The Decision-Making Process For Pesticide Application Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda [Smith] [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]) Larvae In Maize, Ivan Cruz, Maria De Lourdes Corrêa Figueiredo, Rafael Braga Da Silva, Ivana Fernandes Da Silva, Cristiane De Souza Paula, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize and frequently demands control measures. The timing of insecticide application is a key factor in determining its efficiency, so an experiment was designed to investigate this. Application of insecticide was based on three criteria: (i) the number of trap-caught moths in a Delta-type trap with a commercial sex pheromone lure placed in the center of the target area, soon after plant emergence; (ii) the percentage of plants exhibiting pinhole-type damage (10% or 20%), and (iii) the percentage of plants exhibiting shot hole–type damage (10% or 20%) …

Comparative Toxicity Of Acaricides To Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Workers And Queens, Lizette Dahlgren, Reed M. Johnson, Blair D. Siegfried, Marion D. Ellis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Acaricides are used to treat honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies to control the varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman), a worldwide threat to honey bee health. Although acaricides control a serious honey bee parasite and mitigate bee loss, they may cause harm to bees as well. We topically applied five acaricides, each with a different mode of action, to young adult queen and worker bees to generate dose-response curves and LD₅₀. Twenty-four hours after treatment, queens were found to be three times more tolerant of tau-fluvalinate and six times more tolerant of thymol than …

Enabling Learning And Enhancing Education In Ipm In The Midst Of Dwindling Financial Resources: Why Open Access To Resources And Publishing Could Be A Strategic Step To Support Students Today And Tomorrow?, Ousmane Youm

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

When I was invited to join the editorial board of the journal Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology (EOH), I read carefully the note coming with the invitation and also looked at the content and scope. Then two things came into my mind as I stopped a few minutes to reflect on a couple of issues: (1) how the new journal links and is relevant to Integrated Pest Management—IPM (for those who understand its definition)—and (2) the issue of open access and relevance in the current situation of an ailing global economy, particularly in the vulnerable developing nations.

In the latter, more …

A Review Of The Distribution Of Harposcelis Paradoxus Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) With A New Country Record For Peru, Jochen-P. Saltin, Brett C. Ratcliffe

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Harposcelis paradoxus Burmeister is a relatively rare lowland species that, for a long time, was known only from French Guiana (Blackwelder 1944; Endrödi 1966, 1985; Krajcik 2005). Males are more commonly collected than females and are now commonly available via the Internet from commercial dealers in the insect trade. At a body length of 40 mm, this is a remarkably large species for a member of the tribe Cyclocephalini. Males are distinctive because of their long, curved protibiae and anterior trochanter with a large, anteriorly projecting tooth. The genus can be identified in keys by Endrödi (1966, 1985), Ratcliffe (1985), …

A Comparison Of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Attraction To Native And Exotic Mammal Dung, Sean D. Whipple, W. Wyatt Hoback

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Although the preference of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) for specific types and conditions of dung has been given substantial attention, little has been done to investigate the potential effects of exotic mammal introduction for game farms or rewilding projects. We used pitfall traps baited with various native and exotic herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore dung to evaluate dung beetle preference in the Great Plains of North America. Additionally, we analyzed the nutrient quality of each dung type. In total, 9,089 dung beetles from 15 species were captured in 2 yr of sampling. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in mean dung beetle capture among omnivore, herbivore, and carnivore dung as well as differences in individual species preference for dung type. Omnivore dung was the most attractive with chimpanzee and human dung having the highest mean capture (291.1 ± 27.6 and 287.5 ± 28.5 respectively). Carrion also was highly attractive with a mean of 231.9 ± 20.6 beetles per trap (N = 8). …

Breeding Biology And Bee Guild Of Douglas’ Dustymaiden, Chaenactis Douglasii (Asteraceae, Helenieae), James H. Cane, Byron Love, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Douglas’ dustymaiden, Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn., is a widespread, inconspicuous, short-lived perennial wildflower that blooms in early summer and is found in basin sagesteppe to upper montane areas throughout the U.S. Intermountain West. The species is proving practical to grow for seed and is expected to be used for western rangeland rehabilitation. Through manual pollination experiments, C. douglasii was found to be only weakly self-fertile; 15% of flowers from geitonogamy and autogamy treatments yielded filled achenes. In contrast, 57% of outcrossed flowers produced achenes filled with endosperm, with every capitulum yielding some fertile seeds. Freely visited flowers from …

Arthur F. Hagen Obituary, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Arthur F. Hagen, 84, died Thursday, 26 July 2012 at the Community Hospital in Torrington, Wyoming.

Art was born 4 February 1928 in Huron, South Dakota, the son of Merle and Leona (Geuther) Hagen. He grew up and received his early education in Huron and Armour, SD. Art entered the U.S. Navy, where he spent four years as an aviation electrician and was discharged in 1949. He married Marlene Halstead on 23 March 1954 in Wagner, SD. Art attended college at Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Colorado State University) where he received his B.S. in 1954 and his master’s …

The European Corn Borer And Bt Corn In The United States, Blair D. Siegfried, Richard L. Hellmich

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has been a major pest of corn and other crops in North America since its accidental introduction nearly a hundred years ago. Wide adoption of transgenic corn hybrids that express toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis, referred to as Bt corn, has suppressed corn borer populations and reduced the pest status of this insect in parts of the Corn Belt. Continued suppression of this pest, however, will depend on managing potential resistance to Bt corn, currently through the high-dose refuge (HDR) strategy. In this review, we describe what has been learned with …

A Molecular Key For The Identification Of Blow Flies In Southeastern Nebraska, Upeka Samarakoon, Steven R. Skoda, Frederick P. Baxendale, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Immature blow flies (Calliphoridae) are typically the first colonizers of cadavers. Identification of the early instars using traditional, morphology-based keys is difficult because of their small size, similarity, and simplicity in external morphology. Information derived from molecular genetic data would augment the accurate identification of immature flies. Nine species of blow flies commonly found in southeastern Nebraska were used to examine the utility of molecular-based keys. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR–RFLP) were investigated with 10 common, inexpensive, restriction enzymes from an amplicon of approximately 1500 bp spanning the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. A simple molecular taxonomic key, …

Oil-Mediated Mortality And Induced Behavioral Modifications Of Coastal Insects, Benjamin Jacob Adams

LSU Master's Theses

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill affected over one thousand kilometers of the southeastern United States’ coast in the Gulf of Mexico especially Louisiana’s salt marshes. These marshes are a vital part of the state’s economy and coastal ecology; however, the insects residing in this area remain largely unstudied. The goal of my project was to answer specific questions arising from two ongoing investigations of the insects in the oiled marshes. I sampled insects using sweep nets and insect vacuums to determine the most efficient technique to use in the marsh, compared insects collected in oiled and non-oiled marshes, and completed …

Evaluation Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Corn Containing Pyramided Traits For Management Of Sugarcane Borer, Diatraea Saccharalis (F.), David Sindani Wangila

LSU Master's Theses

The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is a major target of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn in the U.S. mid southern region. Corn expressing pyramided Bt proteins has recently become commercially available in the U.S. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine survival and plant injury of Cry1Ab-susceptible (Cry1Ab-SS), -resistant (Cry1Ab-RR), and –heterozygous (Cry1Ab-RS) genotypes of D. saccharalis on Bt corn containing single and pyramided Bt genes and 2) to assess larval movement of D. saccharalis in different planting patterns of non-Bt and Bt corn. One laboratory leaf tissue bioassay and two independent greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate …

The Effects Of Spinosad On Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) And Non-Target Insect Species, Owen Mcbride Jones

LSU Master's Theses

Spinosad is a relatively new insecticide with a unique mode of action that is being evaluated for control of larval mosquitoes. Whereas a number of toxicological studies have measured effects of spinosad on various mammals, fish, birds, and terrestrial arthropods, fewer studies have been conducted on the effects of spinosad on non-target aquatic insect species. Such studies are important as these species might be found in the same environments as mosquito larvae targeted for control. A neighborhood pond was surveyed to find a representative species of mosquito as well as other common aquatic insects with which to examine susceptibility to …

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Methoxyfenozide On Louisiana, Texas And The Mid-Southern Soybean Looper Populations, Sebe Anthony Brown

LSU Master's Theses

The soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is a defoliating insect pest of soybean in the Mid-South and Texas. In 2008, Louisiana producers reported unsatisfactory control of soybean loopers in soybean with methoxyfenozide. In 2009 and 2010, field collections from Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi and Texas were exposed to discriminating concentrations (0.020 to 5.000 ai ìg/ml) of methoxyfenozide in diet incorporation bioassays. All field colonies were compared to a reference strain LC50 of 0.007 ìg/ml for 2009 and 0.008 ìg/ml for 2010. Louisiana populations exhibited LC50’s of 0.079 ìg/ml and 0.122 ìg/ml for 2009 and 2010, respectively, which were the highest values …

Assessment Of Stink Bug Feeding Damage In Louisiana Soybean: Use Of A No-Choice Feeding Field Protocol, Jessica Leigh Parker

LSU Master's Theses

Numerous arthropods are pests of soybean in the subtropical environment of Louisiana. The most important pod-feeding guild includes a complex of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). One of these species, redbanded stink bug (Piezodorus guildinii [Westwood]), has emerged as a significant pest in Louisiana soybean. Currently, limited information is available describing soybean plant injury from this pest in the United States or compares injury relative to native stink bugs. Therefore, a field protocol was modified to assess injury to soybean seeds. Studies conducted in Louisiana during 2009-2011 used procedures to isolate the effects of infestation duration (24-96 h after infestation [HAI]) …

Empirical And Conceptual Approaches To Life-History Trade-Offs: The Size And Number Of Offspring In Broods Of A Parasitoid Wasp, Yoriko Saeki

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Trade-offs in resource allocation underlie key life history traits of organisms. My dissertation focuses on the size-number trade-off in clonal broods of offspring using the polyembryonic wasp, Copidosoma bakeri parasitizing immature stages of the moth Agrotis ipsilon. I aim to characterize responses of wasp brood size and individual body mass by manipulating the environments in order to understand the allocation pattern in the size number trade-off. In reviewing the functional forms of trade-off relationships in relation to resource constraints, I distinguish among three main trade-off types based on graphical representations of the relationship between the trade-off variables: linear, convex …