Entomology Commons^™

Aquatic Insect Colonization And Substrate Changes In A Relocated Stream Segment, Richard P. Narf

The Great Lakes Entomologist

A section of Bear Creek in northwestern Wisconsin was relocated to accommodate new highway construction. The 850-m section of the stream was shortened to 650 m and fashioned with five broad bends and a uniform width and depth. Sandy substrate and lack of coarse particulate organic matter within the new channel delayed colonization by aquatic insects. The absence of snags, boulders, and cobbles in the design of the new channel reduced available habitat. Substrate stabilization and colonization of available habitats was determined to be complete 5.5 years after channelization, when the 22 dominant insect taxa were similar to the control …

Social Feeding Behavior Of Hyphantria Cunea Larvae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) In Multiple Choice Experiments, William N. Cannon Jr.

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The response of fall webworm larvae, Hyphantria cunea, to identical feeding stimuli presented in a series of multiple choice tests was studied in the laboratory. Instead of responding independently, all larvae in 61 % of the trials were observed to aggregate at one of two identical feeding stations.

Notes On The Vanhorniidae (Hymenoptera), Mark Deyrup

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The biology and taxonomy of Vanhornia eucnemidarum Crawford, a rare and specialized parasitoid of Eucnemidae, is reviewed. The position of the genus Vanhornia as a separate family is reaffirmed.

Description Of A New Species Of Slave-Making Ant In The Formica Sanguinea Group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Roy R. Snelling, William F. Buren

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The new species, Formica gynocrates, is described and illustrated from all the castes. This slave-making species is a member of the sanguinea group and is most similar to F. pergandei. The type locality is the E. S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan. Specimens were also examined from North Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado. A key is provided for the separation of the described North American members of the sanguinea group. The most commonly associated slave species is F. vinculans Wheeler, a member of the neogagates group. It is our opinion that F. vinculans is a valid species and not a synonym …

The Economics Of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks In The Lake States: An Overview, Debra J. Huff, Bruce A. Montgomery, John A. Witter, G. Robinson Gregory

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Economic effects of spruce budworm outbreaks in the Lake States were examined. The recent outbreak caused spruce and fir mortality on 420 thousand ha (I.OS million acres) of commercial forest land in the Lake States. Two models of Lake States spruce-fir markets were developed. A Static Economic Model established the nature of the Lake States spruce-fir market and a Comparative Static Model examined changes brought about by spruce budworm outbreaks.

Outbreaks result in short-run supply shifts which probably decrease total revenue to stumpage owners but do not affect demand. The magnitude of long-run impacts were dependent on developing Lake States …

Effect Of White Spruce Release On Subsequent Defoliation By The Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema Alaskensis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), B. W. Morse, H. M. Kulman

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Hand release of 22 5-year-old white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, dramatically increased the amount of defoliation by the yellowheaded spruce sawfly, Pikonema alaskens is . The percent defoliation of the released trees was six times the defoliation in the control trees. A light overstory for young white spruce is suggested as a silvicultural method of reducing defoliation by this sawfly.

Notes On Microctonus Spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Introduced To Iowa Against The Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera Postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), James W. Mertins

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The braconid parasitoid Microctonus colesi was released in Story and Boone counties, Iowa, but not recovered from collected alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica. Sampled adult weevils were parasitized at an overall seasonal rate of 41.5% by Microctonus aethiopoides, although it had not been released in the immediate vicinity.

Live Branches On Pine Stumps Deter Pales Weevil Breeding In Michigan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jeffrey A. Corneil, Louis F. Wilson

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Eastern white pine and Scotch pine stumps with living branches were unattractive to pales weevil for breeding. When feasible, leaving a few lower branches on Christmas tree stumps during harvest should prevent weevil buildup.

Some Light And Temperature Effects On The Behavior Of The Adult Pales Weevil, Hylobius Pales (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jeffrey A. Corneil, Louis F. Wilson

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Adult pales weevils react to light and temperature cues regarding their movements in pine plantations. They remain at the base of their host trees during the day and move onto the trees after dark. A drop in light intensity to 2 fc triggers this response. Ambient temperature below 10°C curtails their movements. Weevils placed on the ground are photophobic at temperatures below 20°C and photophobic and thermophobic above 35°C. Orientation is erratic above 40°C and heat stupor occurs in a few minutes.

Detection Of Bronze Birch Borer Larvae And Pupae By Radiographs (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), John Ball, Gary Simmons

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Bronze birch borer larvae and pupae were detected in small branches through the use of a portable X-ray unit. The optimum exposure time was 40 sec at 55 kV.

Effects Of Aprons On Pitfall Trap Catches Of Carabid Beetles In Forests And Fields, Marc E. Epstein, Herbert M. Kulman

The Great Lakes Entomologist

This study compared the efficacy of three types of pitfall traps in four forest and two field habitats. Two traps had aprons and one did not. The two apron traps were the same except for a gap between the trap and the plywood-apron, allowing captures from above or below. Traps were placed in a split-plot design and had three replicates of the three trap types per habitat. The traps were emptied each week from May to September. ANOVA's were performed on 12 trapped species separately over habitats, weeks, and the in- teractions between them. The nonapron trap captured over 40% …

Drift Of Riffle Beetles (Coleoptera: Elmidae) In A Small Illinois Stream, Dennis L. Newman, Richard C. Funk

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The daily and seasonal periodicities of drift of riffle beetles were examined in Polecat Creek. Illinois. during the spring and summer of 1978. Drift samples were collected from a single site over four 24-h periods. Dubiraphia vittata adults comprised 72% of the total numerical sample and exhibited greatest mean daily drift density in September. Macronychus glabratus adults were also common in drift collections, with highest densities re- corded during .'.lay and August. The drift of D. vittata and M. glabratus exhibited distinct patterns of die! periodicity with peaks occurring in the early hours of darkness. Substantial differences in drift densities …

Comparison Of Leafhopper Species Complexes In The Ground Cover Of Sprayed And Unsprayed Peach Orchards In Michigan (Homoptera: Cicadellldae), Thomas M. Mowry, Mark E. Whalon

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Two Michigan peach orchards were sampled for leafhoppers using a fixed-area ground sampling device attached to a D-vac®. Absolute abundance estimates indicated that routine tree insecticide applications greatly depressed leafhopper populations. This, and the fact that no resident, known vectors of the X-disease pathogen were detected, suggests that increasing insecticide applications to check the spread of the disease through vector control would be ineffective.

Visual Recognition Of Females By Male Calopteryx Maculata (Odonata: Calopterygidae), Janette Ballou

The Great Lakes Entomologist

In order to determine the function of the white wing stigma in Calopteryx mandata, males and females were marked or left unaltered, pinned onto a stick and presented to free ranging males. Male responses to females with blackened stigmas were minimal whereas most males responded to unaltered females, unaltered males, and altered males. It is suggested that presence of the white stigma, in combination with wing transparency, is important for male discrimination between the sexes.

Field Records And Observations Of Insects Associated With Cantharidin, Daniel K. Young

The Great Lakes Entomologist

This paper reports on insect species not previously associated with cantharidin, the terpenoid defense mechanism of blister beetles (Meloidae). Species from the following tau were obserYed and collected: Miridae (Hemiptera); Endomychidae, Pyrochroidae, AnthiLidae (Coleoptera); Ceratopogonidae, Sciaridae (Diptera); and Braconidae (Hymenoptera). In addition to listing the associations, a discussion of cantharidin orientation is presented along with preliminary hypotheses to explain these intriguing examples of coevolution .

Cantharidin And Insects: An Historical Review, Daniel K. Young

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The defensive role played by cantharidin in meloid and oedemerid beetles has been well documented. However. several groups of insects are known to orient positively toward the chemical or to the beetles which produce it: Miridae (Hemiptera); Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae (Coleoptera): Ceratopogonidae, Anthomyiidae (Diptera); and Braconidae Hymenopteran. Literature citations are summarized for each of these taxa using current nomencla.tun: and indicating the nature of the association.

Giant Salvinia, Salvinia Molesta (Salviniaceae): Evaluation Of Sub-Optimum Temperatures On Survival Of The Giant Salvinia Weevil, Cyrtobagous Salviniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) And Integration Of Management Practices With Aquatic Herbicides, Lauren W. Cozad

LSU Master's Theses

Salvinia molesta is one of the world’s worst aquatic weeds and has cost Louisiana nearly $7 million worth of damage and economic impact each year. While aquatic herbicides and the biological control agent, Cyrtobagous salviniae, are the most efficacious control methods, there are limitations with each technology. Therefore, studies were conducted to evaluate insect mortality at upper and lower lethal temperatures and investigate integrated pest management (IPM) with insects and herbicides. Three Louisiana populations of C. salviniae were tested to evaluate cold tolerance and found that at 0°C, the Bayou Nicholas population was 1.3- and 1.4-times more cold tolerant …

Field Evidence Against Rodent Burrow Entering By Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Edward D. Walker

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

The tree-hole developing mosquito Aedes triseriatus (Say) is the major vector of La Crosse encephalitis virus in the upper mid-western United States (Calisher and Thompson 1983). This virus overwinters in the eggs of this mosquito, and in the summer infects chipmunks and squirrels which have been bitten by infected mosquitoes (op. cit). Non-infected mosquitoes may become infected when they blood-feed on viremic sciurid rodents (Pantuwatana et al. 1972).

Predatory Insects And Spiders From Suburban Lawns In Lexington, Kentucky, Stephen D. Cockfield, Daniel A. Potter

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Predatory arthropods were caught in pitfall traps in suburban lawns in Lexington, Kentucky. The relative abundance of species of Lycosidae, Carabidae, and Staphylinidae was compared in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue turf. Nine species of Lycosidae were collected from both the bluegrass and tall fescue lawns. More species or phena of Carabidae were collected from bluegrass than from tall fescue turf. More than 40 species or phena of staphylinids were collected from each grass habitat. Both Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue are inhabited by an abundant and diverse array of predatory arthropods.

Emergence Of Adult Hessian Flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) From Overwintered Puparia, Robert F. Ruppel

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a pest of wheat and more rarely barley and rye. The fly usually has two generations per year in Michigan, one in the spring and the other in the fall. The summer and winter are spent as small, hard, black puparia (called "flax seeds") in the culms of the host small grains and grasses. Farmers very early found that fly damage could be avoided by planting their winter grains "late" in the season. Studies made early in this century found that the earliest date for planting to avoid the fly (the "fly-free …