Life Sciences Commons^™

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (Egcg): New Therapeutic Perspectives For Neuroprotection, Aging, And Neuroinflammation For The Modern Age, Ashley Payne, Samuel N. Nahashon, Equar Taka, Getinet M. Adinew, Karam F. A. Soliman

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases are the two most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases. The exact etiology of these disorders is not well known; however, environmental, molecular, and genetic influences play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Using Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as the archetype, the pathological findings include the aggregation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) peptides, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic degradation caused by inflammation, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cerebrovascular dysregulation. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): the medicinal component of green tea, a known nutraceutical that has shown promise in modulating AD progression …

Descripción De Una Nueva Especie De Tegmaleurodes Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) De Guatemala, José Francisco García-Ochaeta

Insecta Mundi

Se describe Tegmaleurodes sanchezi, nueva especie (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), de Guatemala. Se proporcionan microfotografías de estructuras morfológicas del pupario, se comentan las características dife­renciales de la especie con sus congéneres y se incluye una clave para las especies.

Tegmaleurodes sanchezi, new species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is described from Guatemala. Photomicrographs of the morphological structures of the puparium are provided, distinguishing characteris­tics of the species from its congeners are discussed, and a key to the species is included.

El género de moscas blancas Tegmaleurodes fue descrito por Martin (2005), incluyendo las tres especies neotro­picales Tegmaleurodes lentus Martin, 2005, T. crustatus (Bondar, …

Taxonomic Changes Suggested By The Genomic Analysis Of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), Jing Zhang, Qian Cong, Jinhui Shen, Nick V. Grishin

Insecta Mundi

Our expanded efforts in genomic sequencing to cover additional skipper butterfly (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) species and populations, including primary type specimens, call for taxonomic changes to re­store monophyly and correct misidentifications by moving taxa between genera and proposing new names. Reconciliation between phenotypic characters and genomic trees suggests three new tribes, two new sub­tribes, 23 new genera, 17 new subgenera and 10 new species that are proposed here: Psolosini Grishin, new tribe (type genus Psolos Staudinger, 1889), Ismini Grishin, new tribe (type genus Isma Distant, 1886), Eetio­nini Grishin, new tribe (type genus Eetion de Nicéville, 1895), Orphina Grishin, new subtribe (type …

Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa – An Emerging Challenge, Fred C. Tenover, David P. Nicolau, Christian M. Gill

Biology Faculty Publications

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-PA) is a major healthcare-associated pathogen worldwide. In the United States, 10–30% of P. aeruginosa isolates are carbapenem-resistant, while globally the percentage varies considerably. A subset of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates harbour carbapenemases, although due in part to limited screening for these enzymes in clinical laboratories, the actual percentage is unknown. Carbapenemase-mediated carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa is a significant concern as it greatly limits the choice of anti-infective strategies, although detecting carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa in the clinical laboratory can be challenging. Such organisms also have been associated with nosocomial spread requiring infection prevention interventions. The carbapenemases …

Enhancing The Bioaccessibility Of Lycopene From Tomato Processing Byproducts Via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction, Ali Ubeyitogullari, Ozan N. Ciftci

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Tomato peel and seed from tomato processing industry are treated as waste; however, they contain lycopene, a high-value bioactive compound. In this study, lycopene was extracted from tomato peel and seed using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO₂) and hexane, and the bioaccessibilities of lycopene in the SC-CO₂- and hexaneextracted oleoresins were investigated for the first time. The (Z)-lycopene content of the SC-CO₂-extracted oleoresin (69%) was higher than that of hexane-extracted oleoresin (45%). Separation of the insoluble fraction from the oleoresins increased the (Z)-lycopene contents of the SC-CO₂- and hexane-extracted oil fractions to 80% …

Longitudinal Association Of Biological Maturation With Physical Activity Behaviors In Girls Transitioning From 5th To 7th Grade, Russell R. Pate, Marsha Dowda Ph.D., Rod L. Dishman, Joseph Gorab, Agnes Bucko, Ruth P. Saunders Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction

This longitudinal study determined if social cognitive variables influence physical activity in girls stratified on the basis of maturity status.

Methods

Participants attended South Carolina public schools (Mage in 5th grade = 11.1 years) and included a cohort of 529 girls who provided physical activity data in the 5th grade and in 6th and/or 7th grade. The measure of maturity status was age at peak height velocity (APHV) estimated from maturity offset when the children were in the 5th grade. The Earlier Maturity (EM) group included girls whose APHV was one standard deviation or more below the mean APHV …

Case Report: Pharmacogenetics Applied To Precision Psychiatry Could Explain The Outcome Of A Patient With A New Cyp2d6 Genotype, Elena Marcos-Vadillo, Lorena Carrascal-Laso, Ignacio Ramos-Gallego, Andrea Gaedigk, Belén García-Berrocal, Eduardo Mayor-Toranzo, Alfonso Sevillano-Jiménez, Almudena Sánchez, María Isidoro-García, Manuel Franco-Martín

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Precision medicine applied to psychiatry provides new insight into the promising field of precision psychiatry. Psychotic disorders are heterogeneous, complex, chronic, and severe mental disorders. Not only does the prognosis and the course of the disease vary among patients suffering from psychotic disorders, but the treatment response varies as well. Although antipsychotic drugs are the cornerstone of the treatment of schizophrenia, many patients only partially respond to these drugs. Furthermore, patients often experience adverse events which can lead to poor treatment adherence. Interindividual variability in drug response could be related to age, gender, ethnicity, lifestyle factors, pharmacological interactions, obesity, and …

An Analysis Of Community-Based Values Informing Land Management On The Midwestern Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation Of Kansas, Usa, Heidi Mehl, Diana L. Restrepo-Osorio, Melinda Howard, Cynthia Annett

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The focus of this study is to examine the interface between land management practices and values within a tribal community in rural midwestern North America. The Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation (PBPN) reside on a tribal reservation with a checkerboard distribution amongst private, non-tribal landowners. Previous studies have indicated that landowners may have different value-systems leading to variations in land-management practices. This can impose discontinuous land management in areas within shared biological boundaries, such as watersheds, especially between tribal and non-tribal entities. Preliminary spatial analysis in and around the PBPN landscape determined that the tribally-managed lands present more vegetative cover per …

A Policy Brief On Adopting The Somali Camel For Enhanced Profitability And Pastoral Resilience In Northern Kenya, Simon G. Kuria, A. O. Adongo, S. Murithi, O. K. Koech, J. T. Njoka, P. Kamande

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Persistent drought and high temperatures in Isiolo and Marsabit counties of northern Kenya repeatedly devastate livestock herds particularly cattle making the pastoralists less resilient, more vulnerable to climate change and poor. To address this challenge, an IGAD funded project promoted adoption of Somali camel breed, trained farmers on improved management and also estimated potential profitability of rearing the camel. Through the project, trainers were trained and facilitated to train 240 peri-urban Somali camel producers in Isiolo and Marsabit on breeding, health, routine husbandry and marketing. Impact study documenting positive stories of change was conducted at the end. Producers who hitherto …

Red Clover Improves The Energy To Protein Balance Of Lucerne-Grass Herbage, X. Godin, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, P. Seguin, S. Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Hakl, G. Bélanger, M.-N. Thivierge, A. Bertrand, M. Thériault, A. Claessens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Low ratio of readily fermentable carbohydrate to soluble protein concentrations in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) leads to inefficient use of herbage N by ruminants. To improve the energy to protein balance in lucerne-grass herbage, four proportions of lucerne:red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were compared in mixtures with and without grasses: timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb. Dumort.) in Quebec (QC, Canada). In the first post-seeding year, red clover proportion averaged (across grasses and four harvests) 0, 37, 59, and 74% in herbage mixtures. Increasing the proportion of red clover caused a slight …

Structural Features Of Condensed Tannins Influence Their Antimethanogenic Potential In Forage Plants, S. Verma, J.-P. Salminen, S. Wolffram, F. Taube, R. Blank, A. Susenbeth, C. Malisch

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Despite years of research on the antimethanogenic potential of condensed tannins (CT), their large-scale application is inhibited by a substantial variability in previous studies with regards to their impact on ruminant nutrition. This variability mainly results from the complexity of CT structures, and their impact on methane emissions is often unaccounted for. Hence, this study (a) evaluated the variability in antimethanogenic potential across six forage species, (b) linked methane emissions to tannin activity, and (c) determined the impact of CT structural features on methane abatement. Six forage species were grown in a greenhouse under controlled environmental conditions, namely, sainfoin ( …

Round Bale Silage – Farmer Results In Kentucky, Jimmy C. Henning, Jeff Lehmkuhler, Brandon Sears, Corinne Belton, Levi Berg, Don Sorrell, April Wilhoit

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The ability to make silage in round bale packages allows producers to avoid rain damage and produce high quality stored forage. The proliferation of bale wrappers (both individual and inline types) has made this technology more available to producers. Although the process for making baleage is well documented, producers have experienced poor fermentation and in some cases botulism toxicity from baleage. The parameters of good silage are well known and include pH below 5.0 and lactic acid concentrations above 3% on a DM basis. However, tests of farmer produced baleage reveals that often these target values are not achieved. To …

Optimizing Quality With Bale Density And Time Of Wrapping, Jessica Williamson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

No abstract provided.

Alfalfa Insect Update: 2021 Growing Season, Lee H. Townsend

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa weevils (AW) and fall armyworms (FAW) were newsmakers for very different reasons during the 2021 alfalfa growing season. An AW control failure with a pyrethroid in Kentucky drew attention to practices to manage insecticide resistance. A regional outbreak of FAWs resulted in significant damage to alfalfa and grasses along with a reminder of the unpredictable nature and difficult detection of this pest. While there are several effective FAW control options, it is challenging is to detect infestations in time to act.

Mowing And Conditioning For Round Bale Silage: Equipment Adjustment And Harvest Management, Jessica Williamson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

No abstract provided.

Harvest Timing And Moisture Determination: Forage Drying Rates And Moisture Probe Accuracy, Benjamin M. Conner, Jimmy C. Henning

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Scott County Kentucky currently has a beef cattle herd of 28,509 head (USDA, 2017). These cattle utilize forage as a large part of their diets. Baleage is bales of wilted, high moisture forage which have been wrapped in several layers of UV‐resistant plastic and allowed to ensile like traditional chopped silage (Henning et al., 2021). Baleage has become another way for farmers to harvest and store forage to be used in cattle diets. It has some advantages over the traditional hay production in Kentucky. One advantage is it can be harvested, baled, and stored in a shorter period of time, …

Species And Variety Options For Baleage, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Any forage species can be made into baleage or silage. While baleage is a form of silage, I’m defining it here as baled forage (typically round bales) that is wrapped in plastic (individually or in a line) for the ensiling process to take place. And silage is typically chopped forage that is ensiled in an upright or bunker silo or blown into a silage tube. The chopping mixes all the material together and allows tight packing to remove oxygen therefore encouraging faster fermentation. With baleage there is no chopping to mix the forage, so it’s essential that the forage is …

Forward Of Kentucky Alfalfa And Stored Forages Conference [2022], Jimmy C. Henning, S. Ray Smith, Christopher D. Teutsch

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

No abstract provided.

A Second Species Of The Genus Erebaces Pascoe, 1871 (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini) From The Philippines, Robert S. Anderson

Insecta Mundi

Erebaces woodruffi Anderson, new species (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini), from Palawan (Philippines) is described and illustrated. This is the second species of the genus Erebaces Pascoe described from the Philippines. It can be separated from Erebaces kidapawanus Pancini by the pair of divergent dorsal pale-scaled lines on the pronotum extended onto the elytra and by the form of the elytral tubercles.

The genus Erebaces Pascoe, 1871 was recently recorded in the Philippines based on the presence of E. kidapawanus Pancini, 2021 from Mindanao. The genus is easily recognized by the eyes finely faceted, protruding (toothed) elytral humeri, the deep rostral canal …

Revision Of The Checkered Beetle Genus Onychotillus Chapin (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Tillinae), Weston Opitz

Insecta Mundi

The West Indian genus Onychotillus Chapin (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Tillinae) is revised and includes O. androwi Opitz, new species, O. apiculus Opitz, new species, O. cinctipennis (Chevrolat,1874), O. cubana de Zayas,1988, O. dimidiatus de Zayas,1988, O. lineatus Opitz, new species, O. minutus de Zayas,1988, O. trinitatis de Zayas,1988, O. woodruffi Opitz, new species, and O. vittatus Chapin,1945.

Robert E. Woodruff was a consummate collector of insects, gems, and items of art. He was a superb taxonomist with a specialty in the beetle family Scarabaeidae. This contribution is dedicated …

Review Of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) Inhabiting The Cycad Genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), With Descriptions Of Nine New Species And Comments On P. Kirschii Reitter, Paul E. Skelley, William Tang, Miguel Angel Pérez-Farrera

Insecta Mundi

The beetle genus Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) is found in the cones of cycad genera in the New World, including species of Dioon Lindl., Ceratozamia Brongn., Microcycas (Miq.) A.DC and Zamia L. In this paper nine new species found in Dioon are described by Skelley, Tang and Pérez-Farrera: Pharaxonotha bicolor, P. dimorpha, P. fawcettae, P. gigantea, P. novoai, P. occidentalis, P. sclerotiza, P. woodruffi, P. vovidesi. A key to described species of Pharaxonotha inhabiting Dioon is presented, along with an account of Pharaxonotha kirschii …

A Third Species Of Haroldiellus Gordon And Skelley, 2007 From Mexico And Central America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini), Paul E. Skelley, Oliver Keller

Insecta Mundi

Haroldiellus woodruffi Skelley and Keller, new species, (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini), from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Panama is described. An updated key for the genus, updated distributions, and diagnoses for the other two species are provided.

Se describe la nueva especie Haroldiellus woodruffi Skelley y Keller (Coleoptera: Sacarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiinae) de Costa Rica, Guatemala, México y Panamá. Se provee una clave, distribuciones y diagnosis actualizadas para las otras dos especies.

Worldwide, the scarabaeid subfamily Aphodiinae Leach, 1815 (when including Aegialiinae Laporte, 1840) con­sists of about 3200 species in 14 tribes and around 280 genera (Nikolajev 2008; Skelley 2008; …

Dichotomius Woodruffi, A New Dichotomius Species Of The Agenor Group From Costa Rica And Nicaragua (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Ángel Solis, Burt Kohlmann

Insecta Mundi

We describe a new species of Dichotomius Hope, 1838, from the D. agenor species-group from Costa Rica and Nicaragua: D. woodruffi Solís and Kohlmann, new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scara­baeinae). Based on this discovery, we confirm that Dichotomius enioi Montoya-Molina and Vaz-de-Mello, 2021 and D. agenor (Harold, 1869) are not currently distributed in Costa Rica. Instead, the only species of Dichotomius that are currently distributed in Costa Rica from the D. agenor species-group are D. centralis (Harold, 1869) and D. woodruffi. We discuss the distribution of the Dichotomius agenor species-group in Central America.

In …

Variable Anterior Segment Dysgenesis And Cardiac Anomalies Caused By A Novel Truncating Variant Of Foxc1, Mariya R. Ahmed, Saumil Sethna, Laura A. Krueger, Michael B. Yang, Robert B. Hufnagel

Biology Graduate Research

Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) encompasses a wide spectrum of developmental abnormalities of the anterior ocular segment, including congenital cataract, iris hypoplasia, aniridia, iridocorneal synechiae, as well as Peters, Axenfeld, and Rieger anomalies. Here, we report a large five-generation Caucasian family exhibiting atypical syndromic ASD segregating with a novel truncating variant of FOXC1. The family history is consistent with highly variable autosomal dominant symptoms including isolated glaucoma, iris hypoplasia, aniridia, cataract, hypothyroidism, and congenital heart anomalies. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel variant [c.313_314insA; p.(Tyr105*)] in FOXC1 that disrupts the α-helical region of the DNA-binding forkhead box domain. In vitro studies …

Helminth Products Modulate Innate Immune Recognition Of Nucleic Acids In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Laura B. Dall, Bent Deleuran, Lars Østergaard, Maibritt Mardahl, Paul Denton, Peter Nejsum

Biology Faculty Publications

Aim

Methods

In Memoriam: Robert E. Woodruff, July 20, 1933–July 8, 2021, Paul E. Skelley, Oliver Keller

Insecta Mundi

This and the following set of papers published in Insecta Mundi are dedicated to Robert E. Woodruff, as tribute and thanks from those he mentored or assisted throughout his life. Bob’s many contributions to the study of beetles, being a founding member and first president of the Center for Systematic Entomology (CSE), co-creating Insecta Mundi with Ross H. Arnett, Jr., and having served in various capacities for 30 years on the CSE board of directors and the editorial board of Insecta Mundi, were deemed significant enough to allow this paper outside our normal guidelines. The following pages highlight the life …

The First Report Of Lissomus Dalman (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Lissominae) From The Greater Antilles, With Two New Species From The Dominican Republic, Paul J. Johnson

Insecta Mundi

Lissomus quisqueya new species and L. woodruffi new species are described. Both species are reported from the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola. These are the first species of Lissomus Dalman reported from the Greater Antilles. Lissomus quisqueya is recorded from montane mesic forests in the Cordillera Central from Dajadon and La Vega provinces. Lissomus woodruffi is recorded from Barahona, Independencia and Pedernales provinces from montane mesic forest in the Sierra de Bahoruco. Morphologically, these species are most similar to members of the L. discedens Bonvouloir species group from Mesoamerica and South America. Known sites of occurrence of L. …

A New Species Of Phyllophaga Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) From Puerto Rico, Kyle E. Schnepp

Insecta Mundi

Phyllophaga bobevelynorum Schnepp, new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), is described from Puerto Rico. The species is illustrated and diagnosed, and a checklist of the species in Puerto Rico is given.

The genus Phyllophaga Harris is extremely diverse, with over 850 species currently assigned to it, all occurring in the New World. As with almost all Phyllophaga in the West Indies, this new species belongs to the subgenus Cne­marachis Saylor, whose members have the outer surface of the metatibia with an incomplete carina. As discussed by Smith and Paulsen (2015), this subgenus is endemic to the West Indies and has a …

A New Genus Of Predatory Midge In The Monohelea Complex From Eocene Baltic Amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Ryszard Szadziewski, William L. Grogan Jr., Elżbieta Sontag, Błażej Bojarski

Insecta Mundi

Monogedania, a new fossil monotypic genus of predatory midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is described from Eocene Baltic amber and its position within the Monohelea complex is discussed. We dis­covered that the membranous portion of the aedeagus is extended in Monogedania clunipes (Loew), new combination, which suggests that the aedeagus of some extinct predatory midges can be penis-like. The Eocene Monohelea baltica Szadziewski, is transferred to the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, new combination, and, the previously unknown female is described, and key characters are included in color photographs of its entire habitus, head, distal hind tarsomeres and claws.

The Monohelea …

Extinct Or Extant? A New Species Of Termitodius Wasmann, 1894, (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) With A Short Review Of The Genus, Paul E. Skelley, Julian Clavijo-Bustos, Oliver Keller

Insecta Mundi

A new species of Termitodius Wasmann (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) is de­scribed from Colombia, Termitodius woodruffi Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller, new species. This species is both extant and abundantly preserved in copal. The genus Termitodius is reviewed with a key and brief accounts to all species.

Una nueva especie de Termitodius Wasmann (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) es descrita de Colombia, Termitodius woodruffi Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, y Keller, nueva especie. Esta especie es existente y abundantemente preservada en copal. El género Termitodius es revisado con una clave y reseñas breves para todas las especies.

The pantropical tribe Rhyparini is represented …