Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Drought And Shade On Bottomland Hardwood Regeneration, Charles Joseph Pell

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Floodplain forests support a high diversity of tree species adapted to regenerate under fluctuating water and light availability. Regeneration regulates species composition, and shade and flood tolerance influence the likelihood of regeneration. Regeneration failure of shade-intolerant and flood-tolerant tree species commonly occurs in southcentral and southeastern floodplain forests of the United States, also known as bottomland hardwoods (BLHs). In many BLHs reduced flooding has resulted in a dryer floodplain. These changes in flooding are linked to recent shifts in species composition. The mechanisms controlling regeneration in BLHs and these composition shifts are poorly understood. In a controlled germination experiment, I …

Time Domains Of Hypoxia Responses And -Omics Insights, James J. Yu, Amy L. Non, Erica C. Heinrich, Wanjun Gu, Joe Alcock, Esteban A. Moya, Elijah S. Lawrence, Michael S. Tift, Katie A. O'Brien, Jay F. Storz, Anthony V. Signore, Jane I. Khudyakov, William K. Milsom, Sean M. Wilson, Cynthia M. Beall, Francisco C. Villafuerte, Tsering Stobdan, Colleen G. Julian, Lorna G. Moore, Mark M. Fuster, Jennifer A. Stokes, Richard Milner, John B. West, Jiao Zhang, John Y. Shyy, Ainash Childebayeva, José Pablo Vázquez-Medina, Luu V. Pham, Omar A. Mesarwi, James E. Hall, Zachary A. Cheviron, Jeremy Sieker, Arlin B. Blood, Jason X. Yuan, Tatum S. Simonson, Et Al.

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life. Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and biomedicine, provide important insights into mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and tolerance. Here we synthesize findings across varying time domains of hypoxia in terms of oxygen delivery, ranging from early animal to modern human evolution and examine the potential impacts of environmental and clinical challenges through emerging multi-omics approaches. We discuss how diverse animal species have adapted to hypoxic environments, how humans vary in their responses to hypoxia (i.e., in the context …

Circadian Rhythms Mediate Infection Risk In Daphnia Dentifera, Alaina C. Pfenning-Butterworth, David T. Nguyen, Jessica L. Hite, Clayton E. Cressler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Biological rhythms mediate important within-host processes such as metabolism, immunity, and behavior which are often linked to combating disease exposure. For many hosts, exposure to pathogens occurs while feeding. However, the link between feeding rhythms and infection risk is unclear because feeding behavior is tightly coupled with immune and metabolic processes which may decrease susceptibility to infection. Here, we use the Daphnia dentifera–Metschnikowia bicuspidata host–pathogen system to determine how rhythms in feeding rate and immune function mediate infection risk. The host is known to have a nocturnal circadian rhythm in feeding rate, yet we found that they do not exhibit …

Time Domains Of Hypoxia Responses And -Omics Insights, James J. Yu, Amy L. Non, Erica C. Heinrich, Wanjun Gu, Joe Alcock, Esteban A. Moya, Elijah S. Lawrence, Michael S. Tift, Katie A. O'Brien, Jay F. Storz, Anthony V. Signore, Jane I. Khudyakov, William K. Milsom, Sean M. Wilson, Cynthia M. Beall, Francisco C. Villafuerte, Tsering Stobdan, Colleen G. Julian, Lorna G. Moore, Mark M. Fuster, Jennifer A. Stokes, Richard Milner

Pacific Faculty Work

The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life. Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and biomedicine, provide important insights into mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and tolerance. Here we synthesize findings across varying time domains of hypoxia in terms of oxygen delivery, ranging from early animal to modern human evolution and examine the potential impacts of environmental and clinical challenges through emerging multi-omics approaches. We discuss how diverse animal species have adapted to hypoxic environments, how humans vary in their responses to hypoxia (i.e., in the context …

The Local Food Supply, Willingness To Pay And The Sustainability Of An Island Destination, Cathrine Linnes, Jeffrey Thomas Weinland, Giulio Ronzoni, Joseph Lema, Jerome Agrusa

Hospitality Faculty Research

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the trend toward purchasing locally grown food and evaluate if tourists visiting hawai’i are willing to pay more for locally produced foods that are more ecologically sustainable.

Design/methodology/approach: A research questionnaire was developed in order to investigate the attitudes and behaviors of tourists from the continental united states visiting hawai’i in purchasing locally grown food in hawai’i. the final sample includes 454 valid survey responses collected via momentive, a market research services company.

Findings: According to the findings of this study, there are economic prospects to expand the use of locally …

Qualitative Proteomic And Genomic Analysis Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteriophage Kaomega, Emilee Carr

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae that is a common nosocomial pathogen causing pneumonia, infections in the bloodstream, wound infections, and meningitis. It has developed natural resistance to multiple antibiotics, most notably carbapenems which are often seen as the last line of defense against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages are being investigated as a promising alternative treatment to antibiotics in fighting these resistant pathogens. KaOmega, a Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage, was isolated, sequenced, and annotated to characterize and understand its potential for use in a phage therapy. Characterization included Phyre2 analysis to predict putative protein functions based on structural homology, burst size …

Circadian Rhythms Mediate Infection Risk In Daphnia Dentifera, Alaina C. Pfenning-Butterworth, David T. Nguyen, Jessica L. Hite, Clayton E. Cressler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Biological rhythms mediate important within-host processes such as metabolism, immunity, and behavior which are often linked to combating disease exposure. For many hosts, exposure to pathogens occurs while feeding. However, the link between feeding rhythms and infection risk is unclear because feeding behavior is tightly coupled with immune and metabolic processes which may decrease susceptibility to infection. Here, we use the Daphnia dentifera–Metschnikowia bicuspidata host–pathogen system to determine how rhythms in feeding rate and immune function mediate infection risk. The host is known to have a nocturnal circadian rhythm in feeding rate, yet we found that they do not exhibit …

Markers Of Fungal Translocation Are Elevated During Post-Acute Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2 And Induce Nf-Κb Signaling, Leila B. Giron, Michael J. Peluso, Jianyi Ding, Grace Kenny, Netanel F. Zilberstein, Jane Koshy, Kai Ying Hong, Heather Rasmussen, Gregory E. Miller, Faraz Bishehsari, Robert A. Balk, James N. Moy, Rebecca Hoh, Scott Lu, Aaron R. Goldman, Hsin Yao Tang, Brandon C. Yee, Ahmed Chenna, John W. Winslow, Christos J. Petropoulos, J. Daniel Kelly, Haimanot Wasse, Jeffrey N. Martin, Qin Liu, Ali Keshavarzian, Alan Landay, Steven G. Deeks, Timothy J. Henrich, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Long COVID, a type of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), has been associated with sustained elevated levels of immune activation and inflammation. However, the mechanisms that drive this inflammation remain unknown. Inflammation during acute coronavirus disease 2019 could be exacerbated by microbial translocation (from the gut and/or lung) to blood. Whether microbial translocation contributes to inflammation during PASC is unknown. We did not observe a significant elevation in plasma markers of bacterial translocation during PASC. However, we observed higher levels of fungal translocation - measured as β-glucan, a fungal cell wall polysaccharide - in the plasma of individuals experiencing PASC …

Respons Anggrek Dendrobium Terhadap Perbedaan Naungan Dan Aplikasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh, Adinda Cikal Amalia, Syariful Mubarok, Anne Nuraini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tanaman anggrek banyak digemari oleh masyarakat karena keanekaragamannya. Jenis anggrek yang paling populer adalah Dendrobium sp. Namun pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek cenderung lambat karena masa juvenil yang lama dan proses fotosintesis yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, upaya percepatan proses pertumbuhan sangat diperlukan. Salah satunya adalah aplikasi naungan dan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan persentase naungan dan jenis ZPT terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan Dendrobium. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2020 hingga Januari 2021 di Screenhouse, Kebun Percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok, terdiri dari sepuluh taraf perlakuan kombinasi antara …

The Effect Of Weed Control Methods On Weed Growth In Lowland Rice Cultivation Under Different Cropping Systems, Uum Umiyati, Denny Kurniadie, Sri Rahmawati

Jurnal Kultivasi

The cropping system in rice cultivation is varied, such as Transfer Planting (Tapin) and Direct Seed Planting (Tabela). The Tabela system has many advantages over the Tapin system, but in this system, the weed population is higher compared to the Tapin system. This study aims to determine the effect of control methods on weed growth in rice cultivation under different cropping systems (Tapin and Tabela). The research was conducted in Babadan Village, Gunung Jati Sub-district, Cirebon Regency, West Java. The method used was a split plot design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The main plot in this experiment is …

Efektifitas Perbedaan Konsentrasi Bap Terhadap Pertumbuhan Planlet Pisang Cavendish Dengan Teknik Thin Cells Layer, Hidayati Karamina, Edyson Indawan, Fila Isti Kumala Agustina

Jurnal Kultivasi

Pisang murupakan komoditi dengan produksi paling tinggi di antara buah-buahan lainnya. Salah satu pisang yang diminati ialah Pisang Cavendish (Musa acuminata L.), namun pembibitan secara konvensional kurang memenuhi permintaan pasar. Salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan jumlah bibit pisang Cavendish adalah dengan perbanyakan tanaman secara in vitro. Teknik thin cell layer (TCL) merupakan teknik dalam kultur jaringan dengan mengiris tipis bagian tanaman yang dapat memperbanyak jumlah tunas planlet pisang Cavendish. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi BAP yang cocok untuk pertumbuhan planlet pisang Cavendish dengan menggunakan teknik TCL. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. …

Rekayasa Budidaya Dan Penanganan Pascapanen Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Teh Indonesia Sebagai Minuman Fungsional Kaya Antioksidan, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Teh sebagai minuman fungsional sejalan dengan tema hari keamanan pangan 2021 yang bertema Safe food today for a healthy tomorrow, yang menekankan bahwa produksi dan konsumsi produk pangan yang aman akan memiliki manfaat jangka panjang untuk kesehatan dan ekosistem untuk masa depan. Teh (Camelia sinensis L. (O.) Kuntze ) merupakan minuman yang kaya akan senyawa bioaktif berupa antioksidan yang baik untuk kesehatan. Tidak hanya sebagai penghilang dahaga, tetapi kini teh berkembang sebagai minuman fungsional yang berperan dalam aspek kesehatan. Jawa Barat sebagai produsen teh dengan produksi terbanyak di Indonesia tentunya memiliki potensi yang cukup besar dalam mengembangkan industri teh mulai …

Feeding Ecology Of Highly Migratory Epipelagic Offshore Predators In The Western North Atlantic Ocean, Rachel Lorraine Hildebrand

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Describing trophic ecology of top predators in marine ecosystems is key to understanding the dynamics of these environments. Feeding ecologies of large predatory fishes were assessed using a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analysis. The target species for this study inhabit the epipelagic ecosystem of the U.S. South Atlantic Bight in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The studied species included five tuna species, five billfish species, Common Dolphinfish, and Wahoo. The goal of this study was to describe and compare the trophic dynamics of each species. From these data, the trophic complex of the offshore pelagic ecosystem was …

Oncogenic Collagen I Homotrimers From Cancer Cells Bind To Α3Β1 Integrin And Impact Tumor Microbiome And Immunity To Promote Pancreatic Cancer, Yang Chen, Sujuan Yang, Jena Tavormina, Desiree Tampe, Michael Zeisberg, Krishnan K Mahadevan, Hikaru Sugimoto, Chia-Chi Chang, Robert R Jenq, Kathleen M Mcandrews, Raghu Kalluri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In contrast to normal type I collagen (Col1) heterotrimer (α1/α2/α1) produced by fibroblasts, pancreatic cancer cells specifically produce unique Col1 homotrimer (α1/α1/α1). Col1 homotrimer results from epigenetic suppression of the Col1a2 gene and promotes oncogenic signaling, cancer cell proliferation, tumor organoid formation, and growth via α3β1 integrin on cancer cells, associated with tumor microbiome enriched in anaerobic Bacteroidales in hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors. Deletion of Col1 homotrimers increases overall survival of mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), associated with reprograming of the tumor microbiome with increased microaerophilic Campylobacterales, which can be reversed with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Deletion of Col1 homotrimers enhances …

The Association Of Cuzd1 And Stat5 In Adipocytes, Zachary Wigger

LSU Master's Theses

Obesity is a metabolic disorder that has turned into a global epidemic over the past few decades. Adipocyte dysfunction brought on by obesity can lead to increased risk of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Knowing how adipocytes function to regulate metabolic homeostasis is critical. CUZD1 (CUB and Zona Pellucida-like Domain-containing protein 1) has not been studied in the context of adipocyte biology but could play a role in several metabolic processes. CUZD1 has been suggested to be a biomarker for several inflammatory diseases and cancers but little functional data has been published. There …

Smokejumper Obituary: Brown, Malvin L. (Pendleton 1945), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

Miracle Of Microrna-Driven Cancer Nanotherapeutics, Goknur Kara, Banu Arun, George A Calin, Bulent Ozpolat

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding RNA molecules 20-25 nucleotides in length that can suppress the expression of genes involved in numerous physiological processes in cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that dysregulation of miRNA expression is related to the pathogenesis of various human diseases and cancers. Thus, stragegies involving either restoring the expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs or inhibiting overexpressed oncogenic miRNAs hold potential for targeted cancer therapies. However, delivery of miRNAs to tumor tissues is a challenging task. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled successful tumor-targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics through newly designed nanoparticle-based carrier systems. As a result, miRNA therapeutics …

Variability In The Vertical Distributions Of Mesopelagic Fishes: Effect Of Body Size, Season, And Sampling Strategy On The Characterization Of Diel Vertical Migration, Brandon A. Brule

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Diel‌ ‌vertical‌ ‌migration,‌ or DVM, ‌is‌ ‌defined‌ ‌as‌ ‌the‌ large-scale changes in the depth distribution of a species or an assemblage with respect to the time of day. DVM‌ ‌is‌ ‌the‌ ‌largest‌ ‌active movement‌ ‌of‌ ‌biomass‌ on Earth, driven by the need for food balanced against predator avoidance and metabolic constraints. Asynchronous‌ ‌diel‌ ‌vertical‌ ‌migration, in the context of this study,‌ ‌refers‌ ‌to‌ the phenomenon where only a portion of a species’ population migrates upwards at night while others remain at depth. ‌The‌ extent that factors such as temporal variation, ontogenic variation, and methodological variation explain this migratory pattern is …

Sequencing The Guts Out Of Covid-19; The Evolution Behind The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madelyn Purnell

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to an urgent need for scalable methods for clinical diagnostics and tracking of virus variants. In this paper, we attempted a novel method of sequencing using Large Reverse Transcriptase-based cloning (LRTC). Although our methodology ended up not working due to high amount and fast degradation of RNA, we were able to sequence multiple variants of COVID-19 Positive samples from the BYU Student Health Center and 4 sewage samples to check for variant outbreaks in corresponding times. We were able to find several corresponding variants and track the progression of mutation in our local population.

Using Event-Related Brain Potentials To Explore The Temporal Dynamics Of Decision-Making Related To Information Security, Robert West, Bridget Kirby, Kaitlyn Malley

Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Insider threat from individuals operating within an organization presents a significant source of violations of information security. Our previous research has used scalp recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and the Information Security Paradigm (ISP) to identify the neural correlates of decision-making processes related to violations of information security. In the current study, we sought to expand this research by examining the effects of two variables that were drawn from the broader decision-making literature (i.e., the benefactor and delay of a reward) on ERPs measured in the ISP. In the ISP we varied whether Josh—a hypothetical IT specialist—or a significant other …

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled Dna Methylation Assay To Screen For Dna Methyltransferase Inhibitors, Rebecca Switzer, Katie A. Ward, Jessica Medrano

Faculty Journal Articles

DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic gene regulation, is important for normal cellular function. In cells, proteins called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) establish and maintain the DNA methylation pattern. Changes to the normal DNA methylation pattern are linked to cancer development and progression, making DNMTs potential cancer drug targets. Thus, identifying and characterizing novel small molecule inhibitors of these enzymes is of great importance. This paper presents a protocol that can be used to screen for DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. The continuous coupled kinetics assay allows for initial velocities of DNA methylation to be determined in the presence and absence of potential …

The Value Of In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy As An Assessment Tool In Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Pilot Study, Sabrina R Ramnarine, Patrick M Dougherty, Roman Rolke, Linda J Williams, Christi Alessi-Fox, Caterina Longo, Marie T Fallon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: There is a lack of standardized objective and reliable assessment tools for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging offers a non-invasive method to identify peripheral neuropathy markers, namely Meissner's corpuscles (MC). This study investigated the feasibility and value of RCM in CIPN.

Patients and methods: Reflectance confocal microscopy was performed on the fingertip to evaluate MC density in 45 healthy controls and 9 patients with cancer (prior, during, and post-chemotherapy). Quantification was completed by 2 reviewers (one blinded), with maximum MC count/3 × 3 mm image reported. Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST; thermal and mechanical …

Adaptation And Dosimetric Commissioning Of A Synchrotron-Based Proton Beamline For Flash Experiments, Ming Yang, Xiaochun Wang, Fada Guan, Uwe Titt, Kiminori Iga, Takeshi Takaoka, Tadashi Katayose, Masumi Umezawa, Emil Schüler, Steven Frank, Steven H Lin, Narayan Sahoo, Albert C Koong, Radhe Mohan, X Ronald Zhu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective. Irradiation with ultra-high dose rates (>40 Gy s^-1), also known as FLASH irradiation, has the potential to shift the paradigm of radiation therapy because of its reduced toxicity to normal tissues compared to that of conventional irradiations. The goal of this study was to (1) achieve FLASH irradiation conditions suitable for pre-clinicalin vitroandin vivobiology experiments using our synchrotron-based proton beamline and (2) commission the FLASH irradiation conditions achieved.

Approach. To achieve these suitable FLASH conditions, we made a series of adaptations to our proton beamline, including modifying the spill length …

Efficacy Of A 6-Week Suspension Training Exercise Program On Fitness Components In Older Adults, Christina Pierle, Alexander T. Mcdaniel, Lindsey H. Schroeder, Michel J.H. Heijnen, Wayland Tseh

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 1168-1178, 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a 6-week suspension training exercise program on fitness components in older adults. Eleven participants (age = 80 ± 5 yrs) completed a 6-week suspension training exercise program. Pre- and post-fitness assessments comprised of body composition, handgrip dynamometer, functional reach, and balance. The 6-week suspension training intervention required individuals to perform suspension training exercises for fifty minutes, twice per week. A paired sample t-test was used to determine differences from pre-and post-assessments. An improvement was observed in functional reach (57.2 ± …

The Association Between Handgrip Strength Asymmetry Severity And Future Morbidity Accumulation: Results From The Health And Retirement Study, Lukus Klawitter, Kyle Collins, Dawson Ringhofer, Bryan Christensen, Ryan Mcgrath

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 1133-1141, 2022. Analyzing the severity of handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry in aging populations may help to screen for morbidities and add utility to handgrip dynamometer testing. Our study sought to determine the relationships between HGS asymmetry severity and future accumulating morbidities in older Americans. Secondary analyses from the 2006-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study included 18,506 adults ≥ 50 years old. The highest recorded HGS values from each hand were used to calculate HGS asymmetry ratio (non-dominant HGS/dominant HGS). If the HGS asymmetry ratio < 1.0, it was inversed to make all asymmetry ratios ≥ 1.0. Participants were categorized into groups based on the severity of their HGS asymmetry ratio: 1) 0.0% - 10.0%, 2) 10.1% - 20.0%, 3) 20.1% - 30.0%, and 4) > 30.0%. Healthcare provider-diagnosed morbidities (hypertension, diabetes, cancer, chronic …

Impact Of Acute Uninterrupted Sitting On Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics, Raymond Jones, Dominique Mcarthur, Stephanie Mccoy, Lee Stoner, Simon Fryer, Daniel P. Credeur

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 1156-1167, 2022. Reductions in brain blood flow are associated with reduced cognitive function and cerebrovascular disease. Acute periods of uninterrupted sitting can lead to endothelial dysfunction, namely due to a reduction in shear stress and subsequent reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability. Little is known of the impact of sitting on brain health. The purpose was to determine the total brain blood flow response following a 60-minute bout of uninterrupted sitting. Using a parallel design, this study evaluated the impact of 60-minutes of sitting on total brain blood flow. Fifteen participants (n=15; age=24 ± …

Effects Of Creatine Supplementation And Progressive Resistance Training In Stroke Survivors, Sara Butchart, Darren G. Candow, Scott Forbes, Cameron Mang, Julianne Gordon, Jongbum Ko, Dalton Deprez, Phil Chilibeck, David Ditor

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 1117-1132, 2022. The purpose was to investigate the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) and creatine supplementation in stroke survivors. Participants were randomized to one of two groups: creatine (n = 5; 51 ± 16y) or placebo (n = 3; 73 ± 8y) during 10 weeks of supervised PRT. Prior to and following PRT and supplementation, assessments were made for body composition (lean tissue and fat mass), muscle thickness, muscle strength (1-repetition maximum), functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test, Berg Balance Scale; BBS), cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA), and symptoms of anxiety …

Muscle Activation Patterns Of The Proximal Medial And Distal Biceps Femoris And Gluteus Maximus Among 6 Hip Extension And Knee Flexion Exercises In Trained Women., Bryn M. Stevens, Ben R. Nichols, Holly I. Doty, John Adam Korak

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 1179-1189, 2022. The biceps femoris (BF) is a double-jointed muscle that performs both hip extension and knee flexion, making it a challenging muscle to train during common resistance training movements. An imbalance between the posterior and anterior chain increases the risk of lower-extremity injury. The purpose of this study was to compare BF proximal (BFprox), BF medial (BFmed), and BF distal (BFdist) peak and mean muscle activation among four hip hinging movements and two knee flexion movements. A secondary variable was gluteus maximus (GMax) muscle activation among the same six movements. Fifteen trained females …

Freely Chosen Cadence Is Increased During Repeated Bouts Of Submaximal Ergometer Pedalling, Andreas Schmidt, Jonas G. Madsen, Magnus K. Hyttel, Ernst A. Hansen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 1142-1155, 2022. It was investigated whether the phenomenon of repeated bout rate enhancement occurs during submaximal ergometer cycling. Repeated bout rate enhancement is defined as an increase of the freely, or spontaneously, chosen cadence during repeated bouts of pedalling and has previously been reported for finger tapping. This is relevant to study since cadence can affect biomechanical and physiological responses. Recreationally active individuals (n=27) performed five consecutive 5-min bouts of cycling at 100 W using freely chosen cadence. All bouts were separated by 10-min rest. Cadence, pedal force profile characteristics, heart rate, …

Low Levels Of Hybridization Between Sympatric Cold-Water-Adapted Arctic Cod And Polar Cod In The Beaufort Sea Confirm Genetic Distinctiveness, Robert E. Wilson, Sarah A. Sonsthagen, Philip Lavretsky, Andrew Majewski, Einar Árnason, Katrín Halldórsdóttir, Axel W. Einarsson, Kate Wedemeyer, Sandra L. Talbot

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

As marine ecosystems respond to climate change and other stressors, it is necessary to evaluate current and past hybridization events to gain insight on the outcomes and drivers of such events. Ancestral introgression within the gadids has been suggested to allow cod to inhabit a variety of habitats. Little attention has been given to contemporary hybridization, especially within cold-water-adapted cod (Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 and Arctogadus glacialis Peters, 1872). We used whole-genome, restriction-site associated, and mitochondrial sequence data to explore the degree and direction of hybridization between these species where previous hybridization had not been reported. Although nearly identical …