Life Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity Of Pistacia Atlantica Subsp. Kurdica Oil Gum Extract From Halabja Province/ Kurdistan Region Of Iraq, Peshawa Y. Aziz, Hassan H. Hamaamin, Shokhan H. Azeez

Polytechnic Journal

The Pistica atlantica subsp. kurdica, or Ghazwan in Kurdish, which is widely distributed in Kurdistan region, Northern Iraq, is a native plant of this region and the major source of a Kurdish gum. This study investigates the antibacterial and antifungal effect of essential oil extracted from the gum. The gum was collected in June-July 2019 from the region of Halabja, a city in the north of Iraq. Essential oil was extracted by using hydro distillation method; the antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion test and the inhibition zone (in mm) was determined against six selected bacterial strains which …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Au/ Sb 2 O 3 Ultrathin Nanosheet/Au As A High-Performance Uv-Photodetector, Nageb T. Rassam

Polytechnic Journal

Ultrathin antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) was synthesized on ITO substrate by a solvothermal method using ethanol as a solvent. The structure, morphological variations, and optical properties of the as-prepared sample were characterized. The results indicated that the homogeneously grown sheet of cubic phase of ultrathin Sb2O3has an elliptical cross-section with a thickness of 20 nm and diameter of 400-500 nm. Further, an ultraviolet (UV) performance photodetector based on the (Au/Sb2O3/Au) was fabricated and examined. The measured Current-Voltage (IV) curves in the dark and under illumination (UV-395 nm) of different intensities indicate the presence of the Schottky barrier at the interfaces between …

Relationship Between Death Anxiety And Using Social Media Among Chronic Disease Patients In The Time Of Covid 19 In Erbil City The Capital Of Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Vian H. Rasul, Nihayet A. Sheck, Dler M. Saeed, Hashm H. Abdullah, Abdulwahid A. Xalil

Polytechnic Journal

The dangers of the fear of death have become a large part and an important aura of life in the human experience and this anxiety is more understandable for the persons who affected by chronic disorders. Death anxiety and the influence of social and electronic media on it, during COVID – 19 exposure was studied in some other countries, but it don’t studied in our country well. A descriptive correlational study was conducted at primary health care centers / chronic disease units in Erbil city. Data were collected from12th December 2020 to 10th June 2021. A random sample consists of …

The Vasorelaxant Effect Of Adiantum Capillus-Veneries Extract In The Vascular Activity Of Goat’S Isolated Renal Artery, Aveen Muhsen Asaad, Ismail S. Ibraheem Kakey

Polytechnic Journal

The current study represents the first attempt to investigate the effect of Adiantum capillus-veneris extract (ACVE) on goat’s isolated renal artery smooth muscle’s cell. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the possible action of Adiantum capillus-veneris extract (ACVE) (1×10-4–10-9 mg/ml) in the vascular activity of goat isolated renal artery by using the organ bath and PowerLab data acquisition system, and the phytochemical analysis for the ACVE extract was done by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of the current study showed that ACVE caused concentration-dependent relaxation of endothelium intact renal artery rings precontracted with a high level of KCl …

Comparative Study Of He – Ne And Green Lasers Effect On Normal Human Blood Invitro Using Ftir Techniques, Hero O. Hamad, Venos S. Abdullah, Fouad H. Kamel, Nawroz I. Hassan

Polytechnic Journal

The contact of lasers with biomaterials liketissues, blood, and skin is acentralfield of research. Invitro irradiation of human blood with laser beams has been studied for decades, to understand the biostimulatory effects on the different blood cells. Laser tissue associations are determined by employingspectroscopic and cutting-edge microscopic technicality. In this study, blood was extracted under standard laboratory settings from healthy human subjects. The samples were exposed to He-Ne laser (wavelength ʎ= 650nm, power p= 100mW) and green laser (wavelength ʎ= 530nm, power p= 500mW).Complete blood count (CBC) and FTIR spectra for non-irradiated samples were comparedto CBC and FTIR spectra of …

Formulasi Pembawa Rizobakteri Penambat Nitrogen Dan Pelarut Fosfat, Serta Aplikasinya Di Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit Yang Diberi Komposisi Dan Dosis Amelioran Yang Berbeda, Roby Ibnu Syarifain, Mohammad Raihan Rashaun, Eka Dewi Anggrainy, Tualar Simarmata

Jurnal Kultivasi

Keberhasilan aplikasi pupuk hayati berkaitan dengan viabilitas mikroba dalam pembawa, dan aplikasinya di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui viabilitas Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen (BPN) dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF) pada berbagai komposisi karier, konsentrasi molase, dan aplikasinya dengan berbagai dosis serta komposisi amelioran pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Oktober 2019 - Mei 2020 di laboratorium dan kebun percobaan Ciparanje. Tahap pertama menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dua faktor (komposisi karier dan konsentrasi molase) dengan tiga ulangan. Tahap kedua menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dua faktor (komposisi amelioran dan dosis aplikasi) pada pembibitan kelapa sawit sebanyak tiga ulangan. Hasil riset …

Characterizing Isoform Switching Events In Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, Yu Zhang, Katherine M. Weh, Connor L. Howard, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Jennifer Clarke, Kiran H. Lagisetty, Jules Lin, Rishindra M. Reddy, Andrew C. Chang, David G. Beer, Laura A. Kresty

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Isoform switching events with predicted functional consequences are common in many cancers, but characterization of switching events in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is lacking. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect levels of RNA transcripts and identify specific isoforms in treatment- naïve esophageal tissues ranging from premalignant Barrett’s esophagus (BE), BE with low- or high-grade dysplasia (BE.LGD, BE.HGD), and EAC. Samples were stratified by histopathology and TP53 mutation status, identifying significant isoform switching events with predicted functional consequences. Comparing BE.LGD with BE.HGD, a histopathology linked to cancer progression, isoform switching events were identified in 75 genes including KRAS, RNF128, and …

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Organik Dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Dari Ekstrak Jagung Terhadap Koefisien Sidik Lintas Karakter Komponen Hasil Bawang Merah Varietas Bima, Asrijal, Ambo Upe

Jurnal Kultivasi

Produksi dan produktivitas bawang merah dapat ditingkatkan melalui pemberian pupuk organik dan zat pengatur tumbuh dari ekstrak jagung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakter yang efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil umbi bawang merah per hektar. Metode percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Petak Terpisah (RPPT). dengan perlakuan dua jenis ekstrak (jagung manis dan jagung putih) sebagai Petak Utama, tiga jenis dosis pupuk organik sebagai Anak Petak, dan empat jenis konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh dari ekstrak jagung sebagai Anak Anak Petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter umbi dan hasil umbi per rumpun merupakan dua karakter yang berpengaruh positif sangat nyata terhadap hasil umbi bawang merah …

Effect Of Paclobutrazol On Growth And Root Morphology Of 12 Crossed Stevia In Vitro, Suseno Amien, Qurrota Aini, Noladhi Wicaksana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a low-calorie alternative sweetener. The superior varieties of Stevia in Indonesia are limited. Availability of seeds plays an important role in the Stevia plant breeding program for both the selection stage and the production of high-yielding varieties. Tissue culture is the best method of Stevia propagation, but the low adaptability of plantlets causes death in the acclimatization phase. The growth and root morphology of 12 crossbreed Stevia were evaluated. A Completely Randomized Design was used with factorial consisting of two factors were Stevia genotypes (STG1,7,8,10, SBG3,4,5,7,10, SGB2,3, and SBT11) and the plant growth regulator (PGR) …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Au/Sb2o3 Ultrathin Nanosheet/Au As A High-Performance Uv-Photodetector, Nageb T. Rassam

Polytechnic Journal

Ultrathin antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) was synthesized on ITO substrate by a solvothermal method using ethanol as a solvent. The structure, morphological variations, and optical properties of the as-prepared sample were characterized. The results indicated that the homogeneously grown sheet of cubic phase of ultrathin Sb2O3has an elliptical cross-section with a thickness of 20 nm and diameter of 400-500 nm. Further, an ultraviolet (UV) performance photodetector based on the (Au/Sb2O3/Au) was fabricated and examined. The measured Current-Voltage (IV) curves in the dark and under illumination (UV-395 nm) of different intensities indicate the presence of the Schottky barrier at the interfaces between …

Genotyping Of The Cat Flea (Ctenocephalides Felis) Parasitizing Domestic Small Ruminants In Erbil – The Kurdistan Region Of Iraq, Khalis A. Hamadameen, Hemdad H. Mawlood, Nawzad K. Bawaker, Omer M. Amin, Hawri H. Mohammed

Polytechnic Journal

Small ruminants such as sheep and goats are deemed an important economic source in the Kurdistan region. Infestations with haematophagous ectoparasites such as fleas, which are common vectors in transmitting serious bacterial diseases, pose a great menace on the public health and animal welfare. To meet the requirements of the study, convenient sampling and molecular characterization were used to investigate infestations of sheep and goats with the cat flea, Ctenocephalides (C.) felis in Erbil governorate. A total of 400 samples (200 of sheep and 200 of goats) from 12 ruminant farms at five districts from intensive and semi- intensive breeding …

Performance Against Cavity Index And Discharge Coefficient Between Broad And Sharp Crested Weirs, Abdulla A. Abo

Polytechnic Journal

The purpose of this research is examining the performance of rectangular broad and sharp crested weirs in terms of cavity index and discharge coefficient. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamics CFD code FLUENT is applied. Firstly, the code verified by applies on the experiments work of Hagre et al 1994 the results show excellent agreements between CFD and Hager et al 1994. Secondly the code applied on both broad and sharp crested weirs. The results demonstrate that broad crested weirs have a lower discharge coefficient than sharp crested weirs, implying that broad crested weirs have a lower ability to …

Road Traffic Accidents And Environmental Risk Factors In Erbil City, Hayman Mohammed Saeed Rashid, Kameran Hassan Ismail

Polytechnic Journal

Motorization has improved the lives of people and societies; these benefits have to go with a value. Though the number of lives lost in road accidents in high-income nations points to a downward style in recent decades, for many of the world's population, the liability of road-traffic injury in terms of social and economic costs is rising considerably. This study aims to determine the prevalence of the environmental factors associated with the outcomes in Erbil city. A community-based cross-sectional descriptive household visits survey study was carried out from March-November 2021 and was composed of 3743 individuals selected through a multi‐stage …

Heavy Metal Accumulation And Contamination Of Edible Plants Irrigated By Wastewater In Erbil- Kurdistan Region Of Iraq, Dilshad A. Rasul, Karzan M. Khalid, Faeza Burhan Omer

Polytechnic Journal

Heavy metals are important factor for metabolic reaction in edible plants, and also needed by different organs of human body, but their relatively excessive accumulation is hazardous and health risk. Therefore, their concentration in edible plants must be ranged in line, otherwise considered as contaminants. In this study, three edible plants (E. sativa Mill., A. graveolens L. and L. Sativum L.) were harvested and separated to root and shoot parts, then followed by determining some essential and non-essential metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn and Ni), using ICP-MS. As a result, the maximum mean values for those metals were (46.58 …

Comparison Of Full Crushed Aggregate (Harsh Mix Of Sandstone) And Partially Crushed Aggregate On Some Properties Of Hma, Ismael Azeez Mohammed, Faris Mohammed Jasim

Polytechnic Journal

Aggregate angularity has an important effect on the performance of HMA. More angular aggregates particles can increase the stone-on-stone interlocking and consequently reduce the permanent deformation. The performance of dense graded asphalt mixture is significantly influenced by the angularity, shape, and surface texture of aggregates. This study determines the effect of using Harsh aggregate (full crushed) and normal aggregate in asphalt mixture, and evaluates the volumetric properties of both mixtures. Marshall Test was carried out in order to assess the resistance of stability of mixtures. It was found that a mixture with harsh aggregate needs (0.2 %) more asphalt compared …

Prevalence Of Mortality Among Covid-19 Patients In Kurdistan Region And Various Parts Of The World And The Role Of Ecological And Environmental Factors In Shaping Sars-Cov-2 Virulence, Muayad A. Mahmud

Polytechnic Journal

Evolutionary theories predict that virulence (host death due to a pathogen) positively associates with the pathogen transmission rates to new susceptible hosts. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, like other RNA viruses, has quite variable genetic content due to its unique nucleus enzymes thus mutations can continuously occur during viral replications. Phenotype variations among new viral progeny can include individuals with different replication rates, infectivity, stability in the abiotic environment, and transmission rate. Here, the rate of transmission to new susceptible hosts may be affected by the pathogen’s vitality …

Breastfeeding Knowledge Among A Sample Of Women Attending Maternal And Pediatric Hospital Of Soran City, Hiwa Abdulrahman Awlla, Kareem Jamal Hamad

Polytechnic Journal

Background and objectives: Breastfeeding is the ideal method suited for the physiological and psychological needs of an infant and the most vital intervention for reducing infant mortality and ensuring optimal growth and development of a child. Human breast milk is considered the healthiest form of milk for children and contains essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals during the first six months. The purpose of this study was to find out about breastfeeding knowledge and its relationship with women’s socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out from December 2020 through February 2021, involving a simple random sample of 100 women …

Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity Of Pistacia Atlantica Subsp. Kurdica Oil Gum Extract From Halabja Province/ Kurdistan Region Of Iraq, Hassan H. Hama Amin, Peshawa Y. Aziz, Shokhan H. Azeez

Polytechnic Journal

The Pistica atlantica subsp. kurdica, or Ghazwan in Kurdish, which is widely distributed in Kurdistan region, Northern Iraq, is a native plant of this region and the major source of a Kurdish gum. This study investigates the antibacterial and antifungal effect of essential oil extracted from the gum. The gum was collected in June-July 2019 from the region of Halabja, a city in the north of Iraq. Essential oil was extracted by using hydro distillation method; the antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion test and the inhibition zone (in mm) was determined against six selected bacterial strains which …

Circadian Rhythms Mediate Infection Risk In Daphnia Dentifera, Alaina C. Pfenning-Butterworth, David T. Nguyen, Jessica L. Hite, Clayton E. Cressler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Biological rhythms mediate important within-host processes such as metabolism, immunity, and behavior which are often linked to combating disease exposure. For many hosts, exposure to pathogens occurs while feeding. However, the link between feeding rhythms and infection risk is unclear because feeding behavior is tightly coupled with immune and metabolic processes which may decrease susceptibility to infection. Here, we use the Daphnia dentifera–Metschnikowia bicuspidata host–pathogen system to determine how rhythms in feeding rate and immune function mediate infection risk. The host is known to have a nocturnal circadian rhythm in feeding rate, yet we found that they do not exhibit …

Investigating Host Defenses Of North American Salamanders Against The Recently Emerged Chytrid Pathogen, Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans, Kenzie Pereira

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A recently emerged chytrid fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) threatens salamander biodiversity. Bsal susceptibility varies between and within salamander species, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying these differences. Susceptibility is likely influenced by numerous interacting factors, but my dissertation studied the role of host immune responses.

My first aim investigated between species differences by studying the bioactive properties of salamander skin peptides against Bsal and the related pathogen, B. dendrobatidis (Bd). Skin peptides were collected from five salamander species, used for in vitro assays, and analyzed by RP-HPLC. While skin peptides from one …

Novel Signal Sequences And Fusion Partners For Paratransgenesis In Asaia, Christina Grogan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mosquitoes transmit many pathogens that cause human disease. One such disease, malaria, is caused by parasites in the genus Plasmodium, infecting over 200 million people and killing over 600,000 per year. Current strategies to control vector-transmitted diseases are increasingly undermined by mosquito and pathogen resistance. Research has turned to additional and novel methods of control, such as altering the microbiota of the vectors. In this method, called paratransgenesis, symbiotic bacteria are genetically modified to affect the mosquito’s phenotype by engineering them to deliver antiplasmodial molecules into the midgut to kill parasites. These molecules must be released by the …

Neural Stem Cells: Age-Dependent Outcomes During Viral Infections In The Central Nervous System, Manisha N. Chandwani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral deficits. The outcomes of viral infections can be driven by damage and death of neurons. Neural stem cells (NSCs) play key roles in neurodevelopment, repair, and physiological brain function. During a viral infection, NSC activity can disturbed by direct infection of NSCs by the virus or by anti-viral immune response. Here, we aimed to assess whether the anti-viral immune response can impact NSC activity during an immunocompetent response in the adult brain. We utilized a transgenic mouse model of Measles virus infection where only the CNS …

Keeping 21st Century Paleontology Grounded: Quantitative Genetic Analyses And Ancestral State Reconstruction Re-Emphasize The Essentiality Of Fossils, Tesla A. Monson, Marianne F. Brasil, Michael Mahaney, Christopher A. Schmitt, Catherine E. Taylor, Leslea J. Hlusko

School of Medicine Publications

Advances in genetics and developmental biology are revealing the relationship between genotype and dental phenotype (G:P), providing new approaches for how paleontologists assess dental variation in the fossil record. Our aim was to understand how the method of trait definition influences the ability to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history in the Cercopithecidae, the Linnaean Family of monkeys currently living in Africa and Asia. We compared the two-dimensional assessment of molar size (calculated as the mesiodistal length of the crown multiplied by the buccolingual breadth) to a trait that reflects developmental influences on molar development (the inhibitory cascade, IC) and …

Planttracker: An R Package To Translate Maps Of Plant Occurrence Into Demographic Data, Alice E. Stears, Peter B. Adler, Shannon E. Albeke, David H. Atkins, Jared Studyvin, Daniel C. Laughlin

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

1. Long-term demographic data are rare yet invaluable for conservation, management, and basic research on the underlying mechanisms of population and community dynamics. Historical and contemporary mapped datasets of plant location and basal area present a relatively untapped source of demographic records that, in some cases, span over 20 years of sequential data collection. However, these maps do not uniquely mark individual plants, making the process of collecting growth, survival, and recruitment data difficult.
2. Recent efforts to translate historical maps of plant occurrence into shapefiles make it possible to use computer algorithms to track individuals through time and determine individual growth …

Identification And Characterization Of Genetic Elements That Regulate A C-Di-Gmp Mediated Multicellular Trait In Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Collin Kessler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Microbial communities contain densely packed cells where competition for space and resources are fierce. These communities are generally referred to as biofilms and provide advantages to individual cells against immunological and antimicrobial intervention, dehydration, and predation. High intracellular pools of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) cause cells to aggregate during biofilm formation through the production of diverse extracellular polymers. Genes that encode c-di-GMP catalytic enzymes are commonly mutated during chronic infections where opportunists display enhanced resistance to phagocytosis and antibiotics. Our lab uses an emergent multicellular trait in the model organism Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 to study the emergence of c-di-GMP mutations …

Immunotherapy For Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus By Adjuvant-Free Schistosoma Japonicum-Egg Tip-Loaded Asymmetric Microneedle Patch (Stamp), Rengui Xu, Yusheng Gong, Zhengming Fang, Ting Wang, Wei Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells and dominated by Th1 response polarization. Insulin replacement therapy faces great challenges to this autoimmune disease, requiring highly frequent daily administration. Intriguingly, the progression of T1DM has proven to be prevented or attenuated by helminth infection or worm antigens for a relatively long term. However, the inevitable problems of low safety and poor compliance arise from infection with live worms or direct injection of antigens. Microneedles would be a promising candidate for local delivery of intact antigens, thus providing an opportunity for the clinical immunotherapy …

Attitudes Toward Transgenic Corn Usage Among Amish & Conservative Mennonite Farmers In Ohio, Scot Long

Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies

Mass adoption and planting of genetically modified corn are part of the larger industrialized agricultural production system in the United States. Amish and conservative Mennonite farmers in the Holmes County settlement region offer an alternative production system often characterized by lower usage of chemical inputs, greater implementation of crop rotation, and significantly higher usage of hybrid versus GMO field corn. Moreover, the rationale among Amish/Mennonite farmers toward adoption of GMO (based on “convenience”) or rejection of GMO (based on “too many unknowns”) stems both from cultural diffusion of neighboring farms as well as variable need for nonfarm income. This article …

Manual Of Sustainable Urban Practices Towards Long-Term Conservation, Haley Kilmer

Capstone Collection

This paper analyzes how urban living and design can be detrimental to the surrounding ecosystems and how it is directly affecting the biodiversity loss of an area. To answer this question, I first did extensive background research on urbanization, climate change, and biodiversity loss as it relates to urban ecosystems. Then, the public’s perceptions were collected through surveys and interviews in order to make meaningful suggestions in the construction of an interactive, biological corridor map. The results showed that increasing the biodiversity of an urban area can help to mitigate many of the common environmental challenges associated with living in …

Strategies Of Adaptation And Coping To Climate Change Impacts Among Women Farmers In Guinayangan, Quezon, Philippines: A Life History And Comparative Approach, Miranda Salters

Capstone Collection

The unique struggles and needs of marginalized communities must be considered in a local context prior to addressing climate change mitigation on a global scale. The study uses life history interviews and focus group discussions to capture the challenges, diverse adaptation strategies, and coping mechanisms of women farmers from upland and coastal areas of Guinayangan, Quezon, Philippines. These perspectives may initiate advocacy efforts for increased support so that these agricultural livelihoods can continue to feed populations in the future, as climate change persists. Results suggest that both women from upland and coastal areas experience similar climate vulnerabilities, but the way …

Sustainable Avitourism On Curieuse Island In The Seychelles, Chesley Davis

Capstone Collection

In Seychelles, tourism is a vital part of the country’s overall economy. Increasingly, sustainable tourism is essential to conserve environments and wildlife, meet the needs of local communities and the state, and ensure the longevity of high-quality experiences for international visitors to the country. This project assesses sustainability of avitourism on Curieuse Island. The Seychelles has many endemic and pelagic birds that draw tourists from around the world, including the Seychelles Black Parrot, Seychelles Magpie Robin, and Seychelles Flycatcher. This is a mixed methods research project that entails bird biodiversity surveys, examination of birding databases, and personal observations. This study …