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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2024), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences Jan 2024

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2024), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Continuing a Leadership Journey
/="/">[Page] 5 CAFES Leadership Team Grows
/="/">[Page] 7 Award-Winning Faculty & Staff
/="/">[Page] 9 New Endowment Holders Recognized
/="/">[Page] 10 Inaugural Precision Livestock Field School Offered at SDSU Cottonwood Field Station
/="/">[Page] 11 SDSU Celebrates Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine Students [Page] 13 Clay Carlson, SDSU Meat Science Graduate Student Approaches School and Life with Winning Mindset
/="/">[Page] 15 SDSU Alumni has been selected as the Head Coach of the South Dakota State University Livestock Judging Team
/="/">[Page] 16 Livestock Units Promote Hands-On Learning & Premier Research …

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Electrophysiological And Clinical Fundamentals Of Qtc Prolongation Induced By Antipsychotic Medications, Zaid Naseer, Minaal Khan, Najeeb Manalai, Allison Foroobar, Patricia Harrison, Charles Scercy, Beth Yanoff, Partam Manalai Jan 2024

Electrophysiological And Clinical Fundamentals Of Qtc Prolongation Induced By Antipsychotic Medications, Zaid Naseer, Minaal Khan, Najeeb Manalai, Allison Foroobar, Patricia Harrison, Charles Scercy, Beth Yanoff, Partam Manalai

Department Surgery Faculty Publications

Patients with psychiatric disorders undergoing antipsychotic treatment are at an elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. While the precise mechanisms linking cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric conditions remain unclear, QTc prolongation is suspected to be a contributing factor. The human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG, or KCNH2), which affects potassium channels, is implicated in the cardiotoxicity of various medications, including antipsychotics. This gene plays a critical role in determining whether a drug will be approved for market use. This paper elucidates the electrophysiological basis of QTc prolongation and reviews the evidence concerning which antipsychotics may exacerbate QTc …

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Characterizing Resting Cerebral Blood Flow In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Arterial Spin Labeling, Hannah R. Wild Jan 2024

Characterizing Resting Cerebral Blood Flow In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Arterial Spin Labeling, Hannah R. Wild

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) profoundly impacting daily functioning and quality of life. Neuroimaging studies using various techniques have revealed inconsistent resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns in OCD patients, particularly within the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit and sensorimotor network. Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI offers a promising, noninvasive method for directly measuring rCBF. This study, using data from the Yale HCP Trio study, analyzed unmedicated OCD patients and healthy controls, who underwent two consecutive resting pulsed-ASL scans. OCD patients with lower obsessional severity exhibited higher perfusion in the pre- and …

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Extracellular Free Water As An Imaging Biomarker Of Neuroinflammation, Cristina N. Pinheiro Jan 2024

Extracellular Free Water As An Imaging Biomarker Of Neuroinflammation, Cristina N. Pinheiro

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Older adults experience a chronic state of heightened immune response referred to as “inflammaging” which can be observed by detecting levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood serum. These proinflammatory cytokines are secreted in the central nervous system and may also enter the brain through the blood brain barrier. Previous literature has suggested that extracellular free water, a magnetic resonance imaging metric, may allow us to detect alterations in the extracellular space which are thought to correlate with inflammation in the central nervous system. This study examined the correlation between two proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNFα, collected longitudinally and cross-sectionally imaged …

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Review Of Detection Limits For Various Techniques For Bacterial Detection In Food Samples, Xinyi Zhao Nanolab Research Centre, Abhijnan Bhat, Christine O’Connor School Of Food Science And Environmental Health, James Curtin Faculty Of Engineering And Built Environment, Baljit Singh, Micra Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway And Health, Engineering & Materials Sciences (Hems) Research Hub, Furong Tian Nanolab Research Centre Jan 2024

Review Of Detection Limits For Various Techniques For Bacterial Detection In Food Samples, Xinyi Zhao Nanolab Research Centre, Abhijnan Bhat, Christine O’Connor School Of Food Science And Environmental Health, James Curtin Faculty Of Engineering And Built Environment, Baljit Singh, Micra Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway And Health, Engineering & Materials Sciences (Hems) Research Hub, Furong Tian Nanolab Research Centre

Articles

Foodborne illnesses can be infectious and dangerous, and most of them are caused by bacteria. Some common food-related bacteria species exist widely in nature and pose a serious threat to both humans and animals; they can cause poisoning, diseases, disabilities and even death. Rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods for bacterial detection are of paramount importance in food safety and environmental monitoring. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and electrochemical methods have been widely used in food safety and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the recent developments (2013–2023) covering PCR, LFIA and electrochemical methods for various bacterial species …

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Automatic Detection Of Birds In Images Acquired With Remotely Piloted Aircraft For Managing Wildlife Strikes To Civil Aircraft, Maurycio Rodrigues Oviedo, Flavio A. C. Mendonca Ph.D., Jose Cabrera, Cole A. Mcnall, Raymond Ayres, Ricardo Luís Barbosa, Rodrigo Gallis Jan 2024

Automatic Detection Of Birds In Images Acquired With Remotely Piloted Aircraft For Managing Wildlife Strikes To Civil Aircraft, Maurycio Rodrigues Oviedo, Flavio A. C. Mendonca Ph.D., Jose Cabrera, Cole A. Mcnall, Raymond Ayres, Ricardo Luís Barbosa, Rodrigo Gallis

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Wildlife strikes represent a significant threat to aviation safety and economics, as evidenced by notable incidents such as the emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 in 2009. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) acknowledges this growing concern, as evidenced by its report on Wildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States from 1990 to 2019.To address the need for improved risk management, airports conduct Wildlife Hazard Assessments (WHA), a laborious process typically relying on visual identification by Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologists (QAWB). However, technological advancements, such as Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and machine learning (ML), offer promising solutions to …

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Addressing Empty Space Myopia To Enable Deep Space Travel With Extended Reality Auditory Biofeedback, Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Nasif Zaman, Phani Paladugu, Sharif Amit Kamran, Bruce Markovitz, Andrew G. Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli Jan 2024

Addressing Empty Space Myopia To Enable Deep Space Travel With Extended Reality Auditory Biofeedback, Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Nasif Zaman, Phani Paladugu, Sharif Amit Kamran, Bruce Markovitz, Andrew G. Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Empty space myopia is a phenomenon that has been observed in pilots when flying in the open sky. Previous research has been conducted to develop training biofeedback devices to help pilot visual accommodation in empty skies. During future long-duration spaceflight, astronauts may also experience empty space myopia due to prolonged periods of time in vast space. Extended reality is a relatively novel technology that has emerged as a powerful tool for tracking ocular movements. Extended reality with auditory feedback may serve as a low-cost, easily applicable method to improve ciliary muscle control and vision during long-duration spaceflight to combat empty …

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Avian Extraembryonic Membranes Respond To Yolk Corticosterone Early In Development, Emily P. Harders, Mitch Agustin, Ryan T. Paitz Jan 2024

Avian Extraembryonic Membranes Respond To Yolk Corticosterone Early In Development, Emily P. Harders, Mitch Agustin, Ryan T. Paitz

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

During times of maternal stress, developing embryos can be exposed to elevated levels of glucocorticoids which can affect development and permanently alter offspring phenotype. In placental species, the placenta mediates fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids via metabolism, yet the placenta itself responds to glucocorticoids to regulate offspring growth and development. In oviparous species, maternal glucocorticoids can be deposited into the egg yolk and are metabolized early in development. This metabolism is mediated by the extraembryonic membranes, but it is unknown if the extraembryonic membranes also respond to maternal glucocorticoids in a way comparable to the placenta. In this study, we …

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Data For Context-Dependence Of An Antipredator Response In Neotropical Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones), Austin Calhoun, Rachel Bowden, Ben Sadd Jan 2024

Data For Context-Dependence Of An Antipredator Response In Neotropical Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones), Austin Calhoun, Rachel Bowden, Ben Sadd

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Inducible defence strategies evolve in response to temporally and spatially variable predation risk. Selection should favour the expression of these strategies when risk crosses a threshold, but expression may also depend on how effective a given strategy is across different contexts (e.g., social environment). For neotropical harvestmen, aggregation behaviour has been shown to be a group-level defence strategy but can be supplemented by additional behaviour to enhance antipredator defence. A secondary behavioural strategy termed “bobbing” has been documented as being associated with gregarious behaviour, in which individuals rapidly move their bodies up and down. This strategy has been proposed to …

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Kif3a Tail Domain Phosphorylation Is Not Required For Ciliogenesis In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Ayoola Fasawe, Jessica M. Adams, Martin Engelke Jan 2024

Kif3a Tail Domain Phosphorylation Is Not Required For Ciliogenesis In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, Ayoola Fasawe, Jessica M. Adams, Martin Engelke

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Primary cilia are essential signaling organelles that protrude from most cells in the body. Heterodimeric kinesin-2 (KIF3A/KIF3B/KAP3) powers several intracellular transport processes, including intraflagellar transport (IFT), essential for ciliogenesis. A long-standing question is how a motor protein is differentially regulated for specific cargos. Since phosphorylation of the KIF3A tail domain was suggested to regulate the activity of kinesin-2 for ciliogenesis, similarly as for the cytosolic cargo N-Cadherin, we set out to map the phosphosites involved in this regulation. Using well-characterized Kif3a−/−; Kif3b−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we performed ciliogenesis rescue assays with a library of phosphomimetic mutants comprising all …

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Characterization Of The Disease-Causing Mechanism Of Kif3b Mutations From Ciliopathy Patients, Jessica M. Adams, Caleb Sawe, Skye Rogers, Jordyn Reid, Ronith Dasari, Martin F. Engelke Jan 2024

Characterization Of The Disease-Causing Mechanism Of Kif3b Mutations From Ciliopathy Patients, Jessica M. Adams, Caleb Sawe, Skye Rogers, Jordyn Reid, Ronith Dasari, Martin F. Engelke

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

The heterodimeric kinesin-2 motor (KIF3A/KIF3B with accessory protein KAP3) drives intraflagellar transport, essential for ciliogenesis and ciliary function. Three point mutations in the KIF3B subunit have recently been linked to disease in humans (E250Q and L523P) and Bengal cats (A334T) (Cogné et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2020, 106, 893–904). Patients display retinal atrophy and, in some cases, other ciliopathy phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism leading to disease is currently unknown. Here, we used Kif3a−/−;Kif3b−/− (knockout) 3T3 cells, which cannot make cilia, to characterize these mutations. While reexpression of KIF3B(E250Q) and KIF3B(L523P) did not rescue ciliogenesis, reexpression …

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The Transfer Of Male Cuticular Hydrocarbons Provides A Reliable Cue Of The Risk And Intensity Of Sperm Competition In Decorated Crickets, Clarissa M. House, Kristin Duffield, James Rapkin, Scott K. Sakaluk, John Hunt Jan 2024

The Transfer Of Male Cuticular Hydrocarbons Provides A Reliable Cue Of The Risk And Intensity Of Sperm Competition In Decorated Crickets, Clarissa M. House, Kristin Duffield, James Rapkin, Scott K. Sakaluk, John Hunt

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Theoretically, males should increase their ejaculate expenditure when the probability of sperm competition occurring (or risk) is high but decrease ejaculate expenditure as the number of competing ejaculates (or intensity) increases. Here we examine whether male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) use cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) transferred to females by rival males at mating to assess the risk and intensity of sperm competition and adjust their ejaculate accordingly. Unmated females and those perfumed with CHCs extracted from one, three, or five males could be distinguished chemically, providing a reliable cue of the risk and intensity of sperm competition. In agreement with theory, …

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Past And Recent Anthropogenic Pressures Drive Rapid Changes In Riverine Fish Communities, Alain Danet, Xingli Giam, Julian D. Olden, Lise Comte Jan 2024

Past And Recent Anthropogenic Pressures Drive Rapid Changes In Riverine Fish Communities, Alain Danet, Xingli Giam, Julian D. Olden, Lise Comte

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Understanding how and why local communities change is a pressing task for conservation, especially in freshwater systems. It remains challenging because of the complexity of biodiversity changes, driven by the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of human pressures. Using a compilation of riverine fish community time series (93% between 1993 and 2019) across the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Australasia realms, we assessed how past and recent anthropogenic pressures drive community changes across both space and time. We found evidence of rapid changes in community composition of 30% per decade characterized by important changes in the dominant species, together with a 13% increase in total …

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Gaze Transition Entropy As A Measure Of Attention Allocation In A Dynamic Workspace Involving Automation, Zixin Cui, Tetsuya Sato, Austin Jackson, Sampath Jayarathna, Makoto Itoh, Yusuke Yamani Jan 2024

Gaze Transition Entropy As A Measure Of Attention Allocation In A Dynamic Workspace Involving Automation, Zixin Cui, Tetsuya Sato, Austin Jackson, Sampath Jayarathna, Makoto Itoh, Yusuke Yamani

Psychology Faculty Publications

Real-world work environments require operators to perform multiple tasks with continual support from an automated system. Eye movement is often used as a surrogate measure of operator attention, yet conventional summary measures such as percent dwell time do not capture dynamic transitions of attention in complex visual workspace. This study analyzed eye movement data collected in a controlled a MATB-II task environment using gaze transition entropy analysis. In the study, human subjects performed a compensatory tracking task, a system monitoring task, and a communication task concurrently. The results indicate that both gaze transition entropy and stationary gaze entropy, measures of …

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Assessment Of The Ecological Integrity Of Two Wetland Sites Within Eastern Michigan University’S Fish Lake Environmental Education Center (Fleec), Brianna Rice Jan 2024

Assessment Of The Ecological Integrity Of Two Wetland Sites Within Eastern Michigan University’S Fish Lake Environmental Education Center (Fleec), Brianna Rice

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Wetland ecosystems function as reservoirs of biodiversity for both terrestrial and aquatic organisms, and are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to degradation. The ecological integrity of two wetlands at Eastern Michigan University’s Fish Lake Environmental Education Center, a bog and one vernal pool, was assessed. Plant species richness was used to conduct Floristic Quality Assessments (FQA) using the coefficient of conservatism and wetland indicator status for each species. The Michigan Rapid Assessment Method (MiRAM) was conducted as a more comprehensive assessment of each ecosystem. The bog had an FQA of 31.6 and a MiRAM: 81/100, representing high-quality wetland conditions. The …

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Documenting Plant Biodiversity At The Emu-Owned Parsons Center For Arts And Sciences, Emily Edwards Jan 2024

Documenting Plant Biodiversity At The Emu-Owned Parsons Center For Arts And Sciences, Emily Edwards

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

We present the first vascular plant species checklist for the Eastern Michigan-University-owned property called the Parsons Center for Arts and Sciences. A voucher for each plant species has been deposited in the Eastern Michigan College herbarium and collection data is digitized in the Consortium of Midwest Herbaria. A minimum of three images per species are also available on iNaturalist . The Consortium and iNaturalist databases are publicly available and provide georeferenced locations for each plant. One hundred seventy-one plant species (in 137 genera and 61 families) were documented and identified, representing about 15% of plant species and 41% of families …

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Arousal Patterns, Fungal Loads, And Wing Damage In A Surviving Population Of Little Brown Bats (Myotis Lucifugus), Brooke A. Daly Jan 2024

Arousal Patterns, Fungal Loads, And Wing Damage In A Surviving Population Of Little Brown Bats (Myotis Lucifugus), Brooke A. Daly

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at Tippy Dam in Michigan have shown resilience to white-nose syndrome (WNS), which is caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. This study evaluated the impact of environment (temperature and moisture), pathogen virulence, and host susceptibility on survival. Host response was assessed using temperature-sensitive radio transmitters (n = 37) and ultraviolet photography (n = 57), while fungal load (n = 56) was evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). High autumn temperatures (>10°C) favored growth of the fungus, while mid-hibernation temperature (3.2°C) was unfavorable. The mean torpor bout length (TBL) …

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The Biobehavioral Effects Of Embryonic Exposure To Neural Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Zebrafish, Dalton J. Anderson Jan 2024

The Biobehavioral Effects Of Embryonic Exposure To Neural Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Zebrafish, Dalton J. Anderson

Honors College Theses

The purpose of this research is to improve understanding of the neurodevelopmental effects of embryonic exposure to elevated inflammation and oxidative stress induced by the antipyretic drug acetaminophen (APAP). Our study was the first to examine the interactive effects of APAP and inflammation in zebrafish embryos and how the treatments affect brain development and larval behavior. Experimental groups of zebrafish larvae were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, APAP, or LPS + APAP and larval behavior was analyzed using Ethovision automated behavioral tracking software. We also measured changes in whole-brain Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK3B) and GSK3B phosphorylation, …

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Single-Molecule Fret Analyses Of Nmda Receptors, Ryan J Durham, Vasanthi Jayaraman Jan 2024

Single-Molecule Fret Analyses Of Nmda Receptors, Ryan J Durham, Vasanthi Jayaraman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) enables the real-time observation of conformational changes in a single protein molecule of interest. These observations are achieved by attaching fluorophores to proteins of interest in a site-specific manner and investigating the FRET between the fluorophores. Here we describe the method wherein the FRET is studied by adhering the protein molecules to a slide using affinity-based interactions and measuring the fluorophores' fluorescence intensity from a single molecule over time. The resulting information can be used to derive distance values for a point-to-point measurement within a protein or to calculate kinetic transition rates between various …

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Editorial: Advances And Methods In Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pamela L Wenzel Jan 2024

Editorial: Advances And Methods In Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pamela L Wenzel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

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Dust-Driven Mechanism For Marine Particle Aggregation: Interactions Between Clay Minerals, Heterotrophic Bacteria And Organic Matter Influences Aggregation In Marine Systems, Vignesh Gokuladas Menon Jan 2024

Dust-Driven Mechanism For Marine Particle Aggregation: Interactions Between Clay Minerals, Heterotrophic Bacteria And Organic Matter Influences Aggregation In Marine Systems, Vignesh Gokuladas Menon

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Atmospheric dust deposition plays a crucial role in marine biogeochemical cycles, yet mechanisms underlying its impact on particle dynamics remain unclear. This study investigates the synergistic interactions between marine heterotrophic bacteria and clay minerals in seawater, focusing on their effect on Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) production and organoclay aggregation. Field experiments in the Gulf of Maine and laboratory roller tank studies were conducted using natural microbial communities and model heterotrophic bacterial strains (Alteromonas sp. EZ55, Marinobacter adhaerens HP15, and Sulfitobacter sp. NAS-14.1). Results demonstrate that clay exposure significantly enhances TEP production by bloom-associated heterotrophic bacteria, with increases up to …

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Arsenic And Accountability: A Retrospective On The Arsenic-Life Controversy, Jules Lieberman Jan 2024

Arsenic And Accountability: A Retrospective On The Arsenic-Life Controversy, Jules Lieberman

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter Jan 2024

Front Matter

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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Marriage: Penguins And Humans Propose | A Ritual That Transcends Gender And Species, Ann Clark Jan 2024

Marriage: Penguins And Humans Propose | A Ritual That Transcends Gender And Species, Ann Clark

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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From Fictional Pandemics To Potential Reality: The Realities And Myths Of 'The Last Of Us' Cordyceps Fungus, Jaedyn O'Reilly Jan 2024

From Fictional Pandemics To Potential Reality: The Realities And Myths Of 'The Last Of Us' Cordyceps Fungus, Jaedyn O'Reilly

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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Featured Artists: Grace Weber, Anadi Purewal-Legha, Ofek Levy Jan 2024

Featured Artists: Grace Weber, Anadi Purewal-Legha, Ofek Levy

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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In The Age Of Ozempic: Semiglutide's Impact On The Weight-Loss Frontier, Luke Dodson Jan 2024

In The Age Of Ozempic: Semiglutide's Impact On The Weight-Loss Frontier, Luke Dodson

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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Resourceful Remedies: Herbal Medicines In Indigenous Villages Of Northern Thailand, Ava Peyton Jan 2024

Resourceful Remedies: Herbal Medicines In Indigenous Villages Of Northern Thailand, Ava Peyton

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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Navigating Digital Neurodiversity: Understanding The Intersection Of Neurodiversity And Technology For Personal Wellbeing, Haze Doleys Jan 2024

Navigating Digital Neurodiversity: Understanding The Intersection Of Neurodiversity And Technology For Personal Wellbeing, Haze Doleys

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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Learning To Learn: The Neuroscience Of Affective Learning, Emma Barnard Jan 2024

Learning To Learn: The Neuroscience Of Affective Learning, Emma Barnard

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

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