Life Sciences Commons^™

Genetic Transformation Of Dactylis Glomerata By Microprojectile Bombardment, B V. Conger, D D. Songstand, J K. Mcdaniel, J Bond

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dactylis glomerata L., cv, Embryogen-P, has been previously genetically transformed by direct uptake of DNA by suspension culture-derived protoplasts. The objective of the present experiments was 10 use this genotype to obtain transformation by microprojec1ile bombardment. Bmbryogenic suspension cultures and plated basal leaf segments were bombarded with DNA coated tungsten particles propelled by two different helium pressure discharge apparatuses. The DNA plasmids contained genes for chlorosulfuron resistance, hygromycin resistance and !i-glucuronidase (GUS). Transient expiession for GUS was obtained on both suspension cultures and leaf segments. A stable event for GUS and 16 plants which rooted well on 2.5 mg/I chlorosulfuron …

Somatic Embryogensis And Plant Regeneration From Immature Inflorescences Of Hyparrhenia Hirta (L.) Stapf, R Hatipoglu, A Gland, C U. Hesemann, T Tukel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The study was conducted to determine an efficient system for in vitro culture and Hyparrhenia hirta, The effects of 2 different auxins (2,4-D and dicamba) at 3 concentrations (4.5 µM, 22,6 µM and 45,2 µM) and 2 ecotypes with different chromosome numbers (2n= 36 and 2n • 54) on callus induction and plantlet regeneration from immature inflorescences of Hyparrhenia hirta were investigated. Inflorescence segments of 5 mm length from greenhouse-grown plants were cultured on a modified Linsmaier and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g/1 agar, Large differences In frequency of callus induction and callus weight were observed among lhe different …

Somatic Embryogensis And Plant Regeneration From Long-Term Suspension Culture Of Digitaria Decumbens, Yu-Kuei Cheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The optimum condition for embryogenic callus formation and plant regeneration from immature inflorescences of Digltarla decumbens was MS medium supplemented with O,S mg/I 2,4-D, 2.0 mg/) kinetin and 0,591, NaCl. For long-term subcultures, pieces of embryogenic callus were cultured on MS liquid medium supplemented with 1-2 mg/1 2,4-D, 0.591, NaCl, 5% coconut milk, SOO mg/I casein hydrolase and O.S mg/I 6-benzylaminopurlne, and were subcultured every 4-S days. Bmbryogenic suspension cultures were maintained for more than 1 year. More than 5000 plants may be produced from an explant within 6 months. Bmbryoids from suspension cultures showed a bipolar organisation.

Transformation Of White Clover With A Gene Encoding A White Clover Mosaic Virus Coat Protein, Brigitta Dudas, R L.S Forster, C J. Van Dolleweerd, D.W R. White

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Genes encoding the white clover mosaic virus (WClMV) coat protein . have been introduced into white clover (Trifolimn repens L.) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated T-DNA transfer. Integration of the coat protein gene in regenerated callus has been confirmed hy Southern blotting of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products generated using specific oligonucleotide primers. A polyclonal antibody, raised against purified WCIMV coal protein, recognised a polypeptide of c. 25 kDa after SOS-PAGE and Western blotting. The recogilised polypeptide co-migrates with the purified coat protein. Using ELISA, levels of coat protein accumulation in transgenic callus have been determined. The scope for …

Embryo Rescue And Somatic Hybridisation For The Production Of Interspecific Hybrids In The Genus Medicago, S Arcioni, F Damiani, M Piccirilli, F Pupilli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

T• broaden the germplasm sources available for the genetic improvement of alfalfa, new interspecific hybrids between Medlcago saliva L. and other Medicago species (M. coemlea, M. arborea and M. rugosa) hove been obtained. To • overcome lncompalibility barriers existing between alfalfa and the wild species, ovule-embryo culture and somatic hybridisation were used. Viable plants were obt11incd through the utilisation of both techniques Md their hybrid nature was demonstrated by analysis of morphological traits, by cylological investigations and by electrophorelic profiles of esterascs and peroxidases. Hybrids were fertile and In the fulure their backcross to alfalfa should allow the useful tr11i,s …

Use Of Molecular Markers In Alfalfa For Construction Of A Genetic Map And Studying Genetic Rearrangements In Non-Sexually Derived Hybrids, F Damiani, F Pupilli, M Piccirilli, S Arcioni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two genomic libraries have been constructed from Medicago saliva DNA reslfictcd with both Pstl and EcoRT. The libraries have been screened and compared for the presence of highly repeated DNA sequences. Restriction fragment length polymorphism among 3 varieties of M. saliva (Rangelander, Adriana, CADL) and 3 species of the genus Medicago (M. coerulea, M. falcata, M. arborea) has been investigated using a large number of probe-enzyme combinations .. Four-and 6-base cutter restriction enzymes have been used. DNA electrophoresis has been performed with· 2 substrates (agarose and polyacrylamide) in order to detect polymorphism at a higher range of fragment lengths. About …

Use Of Allozyme Genetic Markers To Follow The Establishment Of White Clover Oversown Into Hill Country, K D. Adam, M E. Wedderburn, L A. Greaves

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Allozyme marker loci Gpi-3,4 and Pgm-3,4 were used to monitor establishment of plants of the white clover (Trifolium repens L., cv. Grasslands Huia) oversown into 3 steep, north-facing hill country pastures. Comparisons of genotype frequencies in samples of the unimproved (resident) populations, the oversown populations 18 months after oversowing and Huia, provided information about changes in the genetic composition of the white clover populations after oversowing. In each case, oversowing brought about significant changes in allele frequencies but the estimated proportions of plants of cuhivar Huia were variable at 24.2%, 92.4% and 100%, indicating that establishment rates can vary not …

Tissue Culture Of Sainfoin, Nakashima Hiroshi, Yang Zhuomeng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effecls of 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) on callus induction, callus proliferation and plant regeneration were examined ip sainfojn (011ob1ycl1is viciifo/ia Scop.) from differen! ex plant. Then the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on root formation from differentiated shoot from calli were examined. The combinations of 1-10 µM ofNAA an4 BAP were better for sainfoin culture. For callus induction, there was no significant difference among 3 explants, but Chere were interactions between explant and media. For plant regeneration, hypocotyl and root are ��ter explants than cotyledon. The effects of NAA and BAP showed less effective on callus …

Use Of Allozyme Genetic Markers To Follow The Establishment Of White Clover Oversown Into Hill Country Pastures, K D. Adam, M E. Wedderburn, L A. Greaves

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Allozyme marker loci Gpi-3,4 and Pgm-3,4 were used to monitor establishment of plants of the white clover (Trifolum repens L., cv. Grasslands Huia) oversown into 3 steep, north-facing hill country pastures. Comparisons of genotype frequencies in samples of the unimproved (resident) populations, the oversown populations 18 months after oversowing and Huia, provided information about changes in the genetic composition of the white clover populations after oversowing. In each case, oversowing brought about significant changes in allele frequencies but the estimated proportions of plants of cuhivar Huia were variable at 24.2%, 92.4% and 100%, indicating that establishment rates can vary …

Application Of The Somaclone Method In Fertility Restoration Of The Partially Sterile Hybrid Of Agropyron Repens X Bromus Inermis: Callus Initiation And Plant Regeneration, L E. Heszky, J Janovsky, G Gyulai, E Kiss, L T. Hangyel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

. Callus initiation and plant regeneration from the new intergeneric hybrid of Agropyron repens L., Beauv, x Bromus inermis.1 Leyss. cv. Nanus (Agromus) was carried out. For callus initiation, the inflorescence primordia were incubated on an optimised nutritive medium designated medium-F, supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mg/ I). Within 21 days of plating, embryogenic callus with globular structures were developed, From the 21st day of culture, one-step plant regeneration occurred from callus without subculture. Non-regenerative calli were subcultured to medium-F supplemented with different cytokinins. The cytological analysis of the calli showed wide genetic:il variability in chromosome number with …

Dairying Farming In New Zealand, Bryan Guy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dairy farming in New Zealand is primarily an export industry based almost entirely on the use of perennial ryegrass and while clover. A low cost dairy farming system has been developed and it is this system which enables the New Zealand dairy farmer to survive on returns from the international marketplace. Milk marketing in New Zealand is controlled by a single producer organisation, the New Zealand Dairy Board, which also provides breeding services lo some 14 700 dairy farmers. The industry aims to maximise the net income of dairy farmers. Emphasis is on efficient production and is often measured on …

Sheep And Beef Farming On The West Coast Of The North Island Of New Zealand, R A. Neeley, T G. Parminter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Over 40% of New Zealand's occupied land area is devoted to hill country farming. The forms are typically owned, managed and ·worked by a single family with some help from seasonal labour. The properly owned by L.D. and R.A. Neeley is a typical example of the type of hill country farms found on the west coast of the North Island. It has an effective area of 520 ha and carries 5000 stock units, 30% of which are cattle. The sheep policy is to finish 60-100% of lambs produced from an improved Romney breed flock (with a 90-100% lambing rate). Friesian …

Policy Developments And Trade Prospects For Grassland-Based Products, Graeme H. Tie, Jayantha P. Kottege, Brian S. Fisher

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The economic outlook for grassland-based products over the next decade will be influenced by a range of factors. Important among these will be the outcome of the agricultural negotiations in the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Failure to achieve satisfactory agricultural reform in the Uruguay Round could result in an acceleration in the trend toward the formation of regional trading arrangements. This could, in turn, lead to increased fragmentation of the international trading system. Such fragmentation reduces the global economic gains available from trade which stem from specialisation and the associated exercise of comparative advantage. …

European Grassland Farming: Future Prospects, David R. Harvey, Caroline Saunders

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The paper reviews recent policy reforms and current pressures in Europe, including the CAP reforms, GATT considerations, the potential for European and CIS integration, and the environmental pressures on policy. The possible consequences of these reforms are then considered, illustrated by estimates of European grassland product market conditions in the event of multilateral free trade in form products. Finally, the implications of these trends for farming practices are considered, with special reference to the UK and European Community. In spite of rather glacial progress towards trade liberalisation, Che conclusions are: i) that future· strategic planning at both national and farm …

A Traditional Exporter's Perspective Of Trade Reforms, N R. Mitchell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The agriculture and trade policies which governments commonly have pursued over the last three decades, particularly governments in the large developed countries, have had a major impact on world patterns of production and trade in livestock and livestock products. This has been especially so for milk and dairy products where government involvement in markets has been most pervasive. One effect has been that the comparative advantages derived from the production of livestock products based on pasture feeding of animals \lave been suppressed or overridden. Reform of the international trading system for agricultural products now being developed in the GATT, and …

Impact Of Changing Trade Opportunities On Livestock Production In Developing Countries, J K. Camoens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For the lesser developed countries (LDCs) and advanced countries (ACs), the paper identifies the determinants of "free" trade, analyses protectionism, examines the global trade picture with respect lo "free" trade, relates trade to production and the structure of demand, and finally predicts the impact of trade reforms. The analysis concludes that: (i) trade policies per se do not impact in any significant manner on domestic production or imports in the LDCs since world trade constitutes a small fraction of production; (ii) demand, and hence supply, of animal products are determined primarily by GNP, income distribution and price; (iii) grassland farming …

Development Of Grain-Saving, High Efficiency Pasture Animal Industry, Han Gui Qing

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grain-saving, high efficiency pasture-sustained (GSHEPS) animal industry, with its final purpose of profitable industry, is forage-orientated. This is a new fonn of operation based on advanced feeding management.

Mapping Of The Potential To Substitute Plastic In Food Packaging In Finnish Supermarkets, Taina Lahtinen, Kirsi Kataja, Jari Viitanen, Vinay Kumar, Jussi Lahtinen, Ali Harlin

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Single-use plastics (SUP), which are extensively utilized in food packaging, are one notable cause for the constantly growing littering issue. This novel study is one of the first attempts to systemically analyze food packaging data to reveal the potential for plastic packaging material reduction or substitution by utilizing a primary packaging material summary of single items sold in Finnish supermarkets. The outcome of the study indicates considerable dissimilarities among product groups concerning used packaging materials, weight, share of plastic, and sales volume. The analysis identified sweets and ready-to-eat meals as product groups for which there is a clear need, but …

A Call For Better Understanding Household Complexity In Environmental Social Science, Rebecca Nixon, Brooke Mcwherter, Anna Erwin, Jonathan Bauchet, Zhao Ma

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Applying Deep Learning With Convolutional Neural Networks To Laryngoscopic Imaging For Automated Segmentation And Classification Of Vocal Cord Leukoplakia, Lan Lan, Ying Zhang, Dan Lv, Xiao-Bo Zhou, Hui Yang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Vocal cord leukoplakia is clinically described as a white plaque or patch on the vocal cords observed during macroscopic examination, which does not take into account histological features or prognosis. A clinical challenge in managing vocal cord leukoplakia is to assess the potential malignant transformation of the lesion. This study aims to investigate the potential of deep learning (DL) for the simultaneous segmentation and classification of vocal cord leukoplakia using narrow band imaging (NBI) and white light imaging (WLI). The primary objective is to assess the model's accuracy in detecting and classifying lesions, comparing its performance in WLI and …

A Bayesian Semi-Parametric Scalar-On-Function Regression With Measurement Error Using Instrumental Variables, Roger S Zoh, Yuanyuan Luan, Lan Xue, David B Allison, Carmen D Tekwe

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Wearable devices such as the ActiGraph are now commonly used in research to monitor or track physical activity. This trend corresponds with the growing need to assess the relationships between physical activity and health outcomes, such as obesity, accurately. Device-based physical activity measures are best treated as functions when assessing their associations with scalar-valued outcomes such as body mass index. Scalar-on-function regression (SoFR) is a suitable regression model in this setting. Most estimation approaches in SoFR assume that the measurement error in functional covariates is white noise. Violating this assumption can lead to underestimating model parameters. There are limited approaches …

Dissecting The Genetic Architecture Of Sunflower Disc Diameter Using Genome-Wide Association Study, Yavuz Delen, Ravi V. Mural, Semra Palali-Delen, Gen Xu, James C. Schnable, Ismail M. Dweikat, Jinliang Yang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plays an essential role in meeting the demand for edible oil worldwide. The yield of sunflower seeds encompasses several component traits, including the disc diameter. Over three consecutive years, 2019, 2020, and 2022, we assessed phenotypic variation in disc diameter across a diverse set of sunflower accessions (N = 342) in replicated field trials. Upon aggregating the phenotypic data from multiple years, we estimated the broad sense heritability (H²) of the disc diameter trait to be 0.88. A subset of N = 274 accessions was genotyped by using the tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) method, …

Ten Measures To Jointly Explore Shenzhen Model Of Synthetic Biology Development, Xian-En Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The iteration of biotechnology and the transformative development of biomanufacturing driven by synthetic biology are drawing the blueprint for the future bioeconomy. Around this strategic goal, in the past 10 years, Shenzhen has collaborated with relevant national departments and has taken a series of measures to initially create a sound ecological and innovative chain for synthetic biology and bioindustry. This study summarizes these 10 measures into three major categories: the construction of new R&D institutions and innovation bases, the implementation of technology transformation carriers and synthetic biology industry park, and the measures to encourage students’ innovative spirit. The successful implementation …

Characteristics, Protection, And Utilization Of Marine Ecosystems With Chinese Characteristics, Xin Liu, Si Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed the concept of “Martime Community with a Shared Future”. The ocean circulation, the mid-oceanic ridge, and the thermal lava flows constitute the dynamical systems of the maritime community, while the ocean circulation and the material and energy cycles are essential to the global ocean’s connectivity, the mid-oceanic ridge and its thermal lava flows underlie global submarine connectivity, and the marine circulation system, together with the marginal sea submarine system, supports the highly complex biological habitats in the China Sea. Coral island reefs and cold seeps constitute the most characteristic marine ecosystems in China. Conducting research, …

Development Of Brain-Inspired Intelligence Industry In Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Xu Zhang, Meihua Ruan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an emerging frontier field of brain science, the brain-inspired intelligence has been developed rapidly during recent years, leading to the preliminary formation of the brain-inspired intelligence industry, which belongs to the strategic high-end manufacturing industry and has broad development prospects in the era of intelligence. In the future, there will be a huge demand for the brain-inspired intelligence technology and its industry in various fields in China. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is actively planning the research and development of the brain-inspired intelligence technologies and cultivating the related industries by implementing major research programs and establishing new professional …

Ablation Of The Integrin Cd11b Mac-1 Limits Deleterious Responses To Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury And Improves Functional Recovery In Mice, Yun Li, Zhuofan Lei, Rodney M Ritzel, Junyun He, Simon Liu, Junfang Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers microglial/monocytes activation with distinct pro-inflammatory or inflammation-resolving phenotypes, which potentiate tissue damage or facilitate functional repair, respectively. The major integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), a heterodimer consisting of CD11b and CD18 chains, is expressed in multiple immune cells of the myeloid lineage. Here, we examined the effects of CD11b gene ablation in neuroinflammation and functional outcomes after SCI. qPCR analysis of C57BL/6 female mice showed upregulation of

Survival Outcomes After Omission Of Surgery For Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Elizabeth C Poli, Wenli Dong, Simona F Shaitelman, Nina Tamirisa, Yu Shen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Clinical trials of active surveillance (AS) for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) are underway. We sought to understand the historical management of biologically favorable DCIS and to determine the outcomes of patients who did not have immediate surgery. Using data from the NCDB from 2004 to 2017, the selected cohort included women >40 years of age, with low or intermediate grade and hormone receptor (HR) positive DCIS. AS was defined as either no surgery or surgery >12 months from diagnosis. Women in the AS group were compared to women who had immediate surgery. A Cochran-Armitage test was used to assess …

Protocol For Establishing And Evaluating A Cancer Cachexia Mouse Model, Zhijun Zhou, Jingxuan Yang, Mingyang Liu, Yu Ren, Xiuhui Shi, Alex X Arreola, Yuqing Zhang, Min Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer cachexia mouse models are needed to recapitulate the clinical features of patients with cachexia. Here, we present a protocol for the establishment and evaluation of cancer cachexia mouse models. We delineate the steps in preparing tumor cells for inoculation and surgical procedures. After the establishment of these mouse models, we describe essential techniques to assess cancer cachexia, including grip strength evaluation, tissue collection, and the calculation of cross-sectional areas of muscle tissue. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al.,

Tumor-Infiltrating Nerves Functionally Alter Brain Circuits And Modulate Behavior In A Mouse Model Of Head-And-Neck Cancer, Jeffrey Barr, Austin Walz, Anthony C Restaino, Moran Amit, Sarah M Barclay, William C Spanos, Sebastien Talbot, Paola D Vermeer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer patients often experience changes in mental health, prompting an exploration into whether nerves infiltrating tumors contribute to these alterations by impacting brain functions. Using a mouse model for head and neck cancer and neuronal tracing, we show that tumor-infiltrating nerves connect to distinct brain areas. The activation of this neuronal circuitry altered behaviors (decreased nest-building, increased latency to eat a cookie, and reduced wheel running). Tumor-infiltrating nociceptor neurons exhibited heightened calcium activity and brain regions receiving these neural projections showed elevated Fos as well as increased calcium responses compared to non-tumor-bearing counterparts. The genetic elimination of nociceptor neurons decreased …

Fatal Disseminated Toxoplasmosis In Captive Red Kangaroo (Macropus Rufus) And Parma Wallaby (Macropus Parma): Pathological And Immunohistochemical Investigations, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Marsupials are considered a susceptible intermediate host. T. gondii is mainly transmitted to intermediate hosts via the fecal-oral route. A captive red kangaroo was diagnosed with disseminated toxoplasmosis based on clinicopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) investigations. Two years later, a five-year-old Parma wallaby was kept in the same area as the red kangaroo and showed clinical signs of depression, withdrawal from the troop, and weakness. The wallaby died within two days after showing the clinical signs. Pathological findings in this wallaby were compatible with disseminated toxoplasmosis. Tachyzoites and tissue cysts …