Life Sciences Commons^™

Preperation Of Feruloylated Saccharides From Corn Straw By Enzymatic Hydrolysis, You Mengzhu, Lu Jian, Cai Guolin

Food and Machinery

Multi-stage cyclone grinding can be used to change the physical structure of corn straw, which can be degraded easier by enzymes to release feruloylated saccharides. By the same enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of feruloylated saccharides released from multi-stage cyclone grinding corn straw increased by 3.34 fold than that without pretreatment. Commercial complex enzymes, such as Validase TRL, HSP 6000 BG, Rapidase Smart Clear, xylosidase and arabinfuranosidease were used to hydrolyze multi-stage cyclone grinding corn straw, and it showed that Validase TRL had the best effect, and the yield of feruloylated saccharides was 1.46 μmol/g, increased by 3.48 fold than that …

Advances In Nrf2-Are-Mediated Flavonoids Against Oxidative Stress, Li Tao, Deng Fangming, Qin Si, Wu Yanyang, Shan Yang, Li Qili

Food and Machinery

Oxidative stress has very close relationship with human health, and human organsviolated by oxidative stress is likely to cause a series of physical diseases，such as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, cancer and neurodegenerative problem. However the flavonoids which widely exist in fruits, vegetables and other plant foods have a very significant role in the fight against oxidative stress, this is largely because it can activate the Nrf2-ARE which is the critical defense signaling pathway and regulating many antioxidant gene expression. In this paper, introduced the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, the related signaling pathways of regulating Nrf2-ARE …

Progress On Cleaning And Packaging Of Postharvest Fresh Vegetables, Lei Hao, Xie Jing

Food and Machinery

For its rich nutrients vitamins and minerals, fresh vegetables have become one of the most important indispensable ingredients of daily life. Based on different cleaning and packaging methods, physical cleaning, chemical cleaning, film packaging, coating packaging, modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging of fresh vegetables were introduced. The research direction of vegetables processing after harvest was forecasted, and mixing cleaning and comprehensive atmosphere package were proposed as the future research focuses.

Optimization Of Microwave Assisted Extraction Process Of Lignans In Cinnamomum Camphora Leaf, Zhou Haixu, Li Zhonghai, Zhan Ghui, Lai Yongjiao

Food and Machinery

An efficient microwave assisted extraction procedure for the lignans from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora was investigated and optimized. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level four-factor Box Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions. The best extraction conditions were as follows: microwave time 5 min, ratio of material to ethanol 1∶26 (g/mL), ethanol concentration 80%, microwave temperature 60 ℃. Under the optimization conditions, the experimental yield of lignans was 42.69%, which was well matched with the predictive yield of 42.95%.

Diversity And Distribution Of Diatom Endosymbionts In Amphistegina Spp. (Foraminifera) Based On Molecular And Morphological Techniques, Kwasi H. Barnes

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diatoms associated with foraminifers of the genus Amphistegina were assessed using a combination of morphological and molecular techniques. These included: 1) microscopic identification of diatoms cultured from the host, 2) sequencing of portions of the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene (18S) and the large subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase [i.e., RubisCO] gene (rbcL) from DNA extracted directly from the Amphistegina hosts and also from diatoms cultured from these hosts, and 3) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of rbcL and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) PCR amplicons from DNA extracted directly from …

Analysis Bacterial Diversity In Drinking Water Of O3-Bac Water Treatment Technology By Illumina Miseq Sequencing, Ge Yingliang, Yu Shuili, Shi Wenxin, Yin Qi, Weng Weipeng

Food and Machinery

Enriched the drinking water by using tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFF), extracted the genomic DNA, amplified 16S rDNA V4+V5 region, a total of 45 093 sequences and the average length of the 395.65 bp sequence were got. After high throughput sequencing bioinformatics analysis including annotation, evaluation, species composition analysis, β- diversity analysis, species difference analysis, RDA analysis etc., the bacterial diversity and the abundance in drinking water was got. In the result, the bacterial diversity is uncertainty and randomness in drinking water, the water quality parameters of turbidity and residual chlorine are biggest influence on the bacterial diversity in drinking water, …

Analysis On Drying Box Exergy And Variable Air Velocity Drying Of Autumn Rice, Zhao Xihe, Long Chengshu, Zhang Jinjiang, Liu Qinghua, Gong Li

Food and Machinery

In order to solve the problem of temperature rise in heat pump drying rice in autumn. Two drying test scheme were been set, for the low temperature constant rate drying and variable wind speed drying. Both the total energy consumption and exergy analysis were been taken comparison of the drying process of rice. Experimental results show that the drying rate increases with wind speed and temperature go up in constant speed drying process. However, both the exergy efficiency and total energy consumption decrease with the increase of the wind speed. The total energy consumption of the variable wind speed drying …

Design And Performance Tests Of A New Portable Roaster, Lv Zhongming, Rouzi Amuti, Shi Yong, Ma Bin

Food and Machinery

Aiming at problems such as heavy environmental pollution, great losses in heart as well as inconvenient cleaning and carrying during the roasting process of current roasters, this thesis designs a kind of new portable roaster taking outdoor flat gas tank as heat source and combining with infrared flame burner and rotary roasting roaster. In the meanwhile, by using ANSYS software, the thesis builds a model to analyze the temperature distribution of the roaster and the meat. The simulated analysis shows that the overall temperature distribution of the roaster is reasonable and the heat preservation effect is good. At last, through …

On Establishment Of The“Co-Governance”Mechanism For Food Safety With Chinese Characteristics——“The Fifth National Science And Technology And Public Policy Forum·2016” Verview, Cao Yu, Dai Xin, Jiang Meishi, Zhu Wenpei, Zhu Xiangdong, Liu Xiaoqiong

Food and Machinery

At the Fifth National S&T and Public Policy Forum-Food Safety Risk Management and Public Policy, particlpating experts based on their professional background, reference the methods and tools of philosophy, law, management, sociology and so on, food safety and science and technology, food safety and philosophical reflection, food safety and policy response, food safety and social participation and other issues were discussed in depth. The conference reflects the latest thinking and research on the subject of domestic food safety strategy and scientific and technological innovation mechanism with Chinese characteristics, criticized “the only government theory”, “the only technical theory”, “the only industry …

Heterologous Expression Of A Rice Mir395 Gene In Nicotiana Tabacum Impairs Sulfate Homeostasis, Ning Yuan, Shuangrong Yuan, Zhigang Li, Dayong Li, Qian Hu, Hong Luo

Publications

Sulfur participates in many important mechanisms and pathways of plant development. The most common source of sulfur in soil –SO₄²⁻– is absorbed into root tissue and distributed into aerial part through vasculature system, where it is reduced into sulfite and finally sulfide within the subcellular organs such as chloroplasts and mitochondria and used for cysteine and methionine biosynthesis. MicroRNAs are involved in many regulation pathways by repressing the expression of their target genes. MiR395 family in Arabidopsis thaliana has been reported to be an important regulator involved in sulfate transport and assimilation, and a high-affinity sulphate transporter …

Tunable Nano-Delivery System For Cancer Treatment: A New Approach For Targeted Localized Drug Delivery, Rana Falahat

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Localized drug delivery systems have been widely studied as potential replacements for conventional chemotherapy with the capability of providing sustained and controlled drug release in specific targeted sites. They offer numerous benefits over conventional chemotherapy such as enhancing the stability of embedded drugs and preserving their anticancer activity, providing sustained and controlled drug release in the tumor site, reducing toxicity and diminishing subsequent side effects, minimizing the drug loss, averting the need for frequent administrations, and minimizing the cost of therapy.

The aim of this study is to develop a localized drug delivery system with niosomes embedded in a chitosan …

From Tolerance To Transmission: Linking Within-Individual To Community-Level Disease Processes, Sarah Catherine Burgan

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Hosts have two main strategies for coping with infections: resistance and tolerance. Resistance is aimed at preventing or eliminating parasites, whereas the goal of tolerance is to maintain performance regardless of parasite burden. The balance between resistance and tolerance within a host may mediate host competence, or the propensity of a host to infect other hosts or vectors. Hosts with high tolerance and low resistance to an infection, for instance, may be highly competent and possess the greatest potential to act as superspreaders. These superspreading hosts will contribute disproportionately to transmission, thus posing the greatest risk to other hosts within …

Effects Of Drying Methods On Physiochemical Properties And Antioxidant Activities Of Polysaccharides From Roots Of Arctium Lappa L., Yu Jun, Zhang Li, Li Yabo, Jia Chunhong

Food and Machinery

Using the roots of Arctium lappa L. as materials to extract polysaccharides from the roots of Arctium lappa L. The influences of different drying methods were studied, including hot air drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying, on the physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from roots of Arctium lappa L.. Hot air drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying methods polysaccharides from roots of Arctium lappa L. were all gray solid, non-starch polysaccharides and no polyphenols content. Freezing drying Arctium lappa polysaccharides had higher total sugar and protein. And the contents of total sugar and protein were (90.72±1.45)% and (2.41±0.17)%. …

Scorpions Of The Horn Of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part V. Two New Species Of Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 (Buthidae), From Ethiopia And Eritrea, Graeme Lowe, František Kovařík

Euscorpius

New information about the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) is presented, based on materials recently collected from Ethiopia and Eritrea. Emended diagnoses are provided for the genus Neobuthus, and for the species N. awashensis Kovařík et Lowe, 2012 and N. cloudsleythompsoni Lourenço, 2001. New records are given for N. awashensis in Ethiopia. We redescribe N. cloudsleythompsoni, and we describe two additional new species: N. eritreaensis sp. n. (the first record of the genus from Eritrea) and N. kutcheri sp. n. (southern Ethiopia, Somali State). We include a key …

The Importance Of Ants In Cave Ecology, With New Records And Behavioral Observations Of Ants In Arizona Caves, Robert B. Pape

International Journal of Speleology

The importance of ants as elements in cave ecology has been mostly unrecognized. A global list of ant species recorded from caves, compiled from a review of existing literature, is presented. This paper also reviews what is currently known about ants occurring in Arizona (USA) caves. The diversity and distribution represented in these records suggests ants are relatively common cave visitors (trogloxenes). A general utilization of caves by ants within both temperate and tropical latitudes may be inferred from this combined evidence. Observations of ant behavior in Arizona caves demonstrate a low level and sporadic, but persistent, use of these …

Dynamic Status Signal Reflects Outcome Of Social Interactions, But Not Energetic Stress, Keith A. Tarvin, L Jin Wong, David C. Lumpkin, Gabrielle M. Schroeder, Dominic D'Andrea, Sophie Meade, Pearl Rivers, Troy G. Murphy

Biology Faculty Research

Social defeat induces stress-responses in a wide array of vertebrates and can generate winner-loser effects. Dynamic condition-dependent signaling systems that reflect preparation for subsequent agonistic interactions, and thereby mediate winner-loser effects, should be more sensitive to competitive history than to non-social sources of stress. Bill color of female American goldfinches (Spinus tristus) is a dynamic condition-dependent ornament that functions as a signal of competitive status and mediates intrasexual agonistic social interactions. We tested the “social experience signaling hypothesis” in female goldfinches by (1) manipulating a non-social energetic stressor by experimentally elevating flight costs via wing-clipping in free-ranging birds, …

Anticancer Activities Of Resveratrol In Colorectal Cancer, Evelien Schaafsma, Tze-Chen Hsieh, Barbara B. Doonan, John T. Pinto, Joseph M. Wu

NYMC Faculty Publications

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a dietary polyphenolic phytochemical that has demonstrated health benefits such as cardioprotection, the prevention of neurodegeneration and chemoprevention. Resveratrol has shown great potential in the prevention and treatment of carcinomas and clinical trials support resveratrol as anticancer compound in colorectal carcinoma. Colorectal cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths for both men and women in industrialized countries. Because of this widespread prevalence, identifying major risk factors and initiating colorectal screening procedures provide the distinct advantage for recognizing early disease and addressing treatable forms of CRC. Epidemiological studies of fruit and vegetable consumption in relationship to developing …

The Farm Newsletter, Usu Student Organic Farm

USU Student Organic Farm Newsletter

Pick up on Tuesday of next week (July 5th) will be moved to Wednesday (July 6th) in order to accommodate those share holders who are out of town for Independence Day. Please email if this creates conflicts so separate arragngements can be made.

Rna-Seq Based Analysis Of Population Structure Within The Maize Inbred B73, Zhikai Liang, James C. Schnable

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Recent reports have shown than many identically named genetic lines used in research around the world actually contain large amounts of uncharacterized genetic variation as a result of cross contamination of stocks, unintentional crossing, residual heterozygosity within original stocks, or de novo mutation. 27 public, large scale, RNA-seq datasets from 20 independent research groups around the world were used to assess variation within the maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) inbred B73, a four decade old variety which served as the reference genotype for the original maize genome sequencing project and is widely used in genetic, genomic, and phenotypic research. Several …

The Development Of A Prosthetic Training Software For Upper Limb Amputees, Tyler Kayne Sullins

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop an intuitive software that aids in the field of prosthetic training and rehabilitation by creating an individualized visualization of joint angles. This software is titled “the prosthetic training software (PTS) for individualized joint angle representation”, and it enables the individualized portrayal of predicted or pre-recorded joint angles. The PTS is an intuitive program for clinicians and prosthesis users that produces an animation of a virtual avatar reflecting the user’s segment lengths and amputation for rehabilitation and training purposes.

The PTS consists of a graphical user interface (GUI) and a 3D visualization of …

Esther Izaak, Esther Izaak, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

Esther Izaak was born on the island of Montserrat, where she attended secondary school. She continued her education at the University of the Virgin Islands, as well as studying in the United Kingdom. After several years teaching, she accepted the position of the director of the School Food Authority for St. Thomas and St. John. She is now the training director for St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John.

Belinda Moitt, Belinda Moitt, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

A native of the island of Antigua, Belinda Moitt immigrated to St. Thomas in 1961. After working for several years as a housekeeper and then in several restaurants, she was hired as a cook in the school lunch program.

Intrinsic Disorder Where You Least Expect It: The Incidence And Functional Relevance Of Intrinsic Disorder In Enzymes And The Protein Data Bank, Shelly Deforte

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) exist as interconverting conformational ensembles, without a single fixed three-dimensional structure in vivo. The focus in the literature up to this point has been primarily on IDPs that are mostly or entirely disordered. Therefore, we have an incomplete understanding of the incidence and functional relevance of IDPRs in proteins that have regions of both order and disorder. This work explores these populations, by examining IDPRs in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and in enzymes. By applying disorder prediction methods combined with an analysis of missing regions in crystal structure data, …

The Role Of Environmental Constraints In Walking: Effects Of Steering And Sharp Turns On Gait Dynamics, Dobromir Dotov, Benoit G. Bardy, Simone Dalla Bella

Journal Articles

Stride durations in gait exhibit long-range correlation (LRC) which tends to disappear with certain movement disorders. The loss of LRC has been hypothesized to result from a reduction of functional degrees of freedom of the neuromuscular apparatus. A consequence of this theory is that environmental constraints such as the ones induced during constant steering may also reduce LRC. Furthermore, obstacles may perturb control of the gait cycle and also reduce LRC. To test these predictions, seven healthy participants walked freely overground in three conditions: unconstrained, constrained (constant steering), and perturbed (frequent 90° turns). Both steering and sharp turning reduced LRC …

Biophysical Characterization And Theoretical Analysis Of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cell Interactions With Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels, Michael C. Cross

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

So-called, “Dynamic biomaterials” comprised of stimuli-responsive hydrogels are useful in a wide variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biomedical implants. More than 150,000 peer-reviewed articles (as of 2016) have been published on these materials, and more specifically, over 100,000 of these are on the most widely studied, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). This thermoresponsive polymer in a crosslinked hydrogel network undergoes a large volume phase transition (𝑉/𝑉₀ ~ 10 − 100) within a small temperature range (𝑇 ~ 1 − 3𝐾) making it particularly useful for tissue engineering applications because of the ability to control the topographical configuration of …

Smokejumper Obituary: Kickbusch, William L. (Missoula 1949), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

Traditional Vs. Flipped Library Instruction For The Life Sciences, Michael C. Goates, Megan Frost, Gregory M. Nelson

Faculty Publications

We compared search statement development between traditional lecture and flipped instruction sessions using two separate flipped models. Students in lecture sessions scored significantly higher on developing search statements than those in the flipped model 1 sessions. However, student scores were not significantly different between the lecture and the flipped model 2 sessions. Reasons for lower flipped-session scores may include a lack of student accountability, strong preference for a live demonstration, and disconnections between online tutorial content and in-class collaborative activities. Students in all sessions expressed a strong preference for pedagogies that incorporate elements from both lecture and flipped methodologies. Librarians …

Dynamics Of Resprouting And Forest Regeneration Following Anthropogenic Land Use In The Central Amazon Basin, Scott Lawrence Kosiba

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Tree mortality is increasing with the effects of climate change and drought across the Amazon Basin while intense fires are becoming more prevalent. Tropical moist forest trees generally lack adaptations that protect against mortality during an intense fire, so anthropogenic burning typically kills high percentages of trees. Following disturbances where prescribed burning is used to limit woody encroachment and to fertilize the soil, abandoned land in central Amazonia becomes dominated by the pioneer tree genus, Vismia. Although the mechanisms by which Vismia comes to dominate previously-burned areas are not known, previous studies on anthropogenic land use and forest succession …

Discovering Potential Protein, Carbohydrate, And Lipid Based Food Ingredients In A Co-Culture Of Microalgae, Chelsea Tyus

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Louisiana Native Co-Culture of Microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris L. and Cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya sp.) (CCA) was studied. CCA is a viable coculture for further investigation as a food component. This research characterized the proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids present in CCA. Algae cultivation parameters were controlled and analyzed. Treatment (Trt) 1 was CCA grown in cultures exposed to average scalar irradiance (ASI) of 1041 ± 269.18 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR and trt 2 was CCA grown in cultures exposed to ASI of 430 ± 96.03 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR. The trt (irradiance exposure) had the desired response on CCA species ratio Trt …

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies Of The Oligomeric State And Quaternary Structure Of The Trifunctional Proline Utilization A (Puta) Flavoprotein From Escherichia Coli, Ranjan K. Singh, John D. Larson, Weidong Zhu, Robert P. Rambo, Greg L. Hura, Donald F. Becker, John J. Tanner

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Background: Trifunctional proline utilization A (PutA) proteins are multifunctional flavoproteins that catalyze two reactions and repress transcription of the put regulon.

Results: PutA from Escherichia coli is a V-shaped dimer, with the DNA-binding domain mediating dimerization.

Conclusion: Oligomeric state and quaternary structures are not conserved by PutAs.

Significance: The first three-dimensional structural information for any trifunctional PutA is reported.