Life Sciences Commons^™

Research On The Alcohol Precipitation And Purification Treatment On Tobacco Extracting Solution Of Reconstituted Tobacco By Paper-Making Process, Huang Ming, Yao Jianwu, Yao Yuanjun, Tang Xiangbing

Food and Machinery

A method for papermaking reengineering qualitative alcohol sink tobacco leaf tobacco extract purification processing method was proposed in this study. Tobacco extract was precipited by 95% ethanol after pre-concentration treatment, and then it was centrifuged to remove the impurities, and macromolecular substances without favoring the sensory quality, such as protein and pectin. Moreover, the pre-concentration of solid content was also examined, including the alcohol concentration, alcohol sink factors, and sink time extract, influencing of sensory quality. The results showed that the papermaking method reconstruction tobacco leaf tobacco extract pre-concentration to solid content was 20%, 40% to 95% of the pre-concentrate …

Investigation And Analysis Of Consumption Characteristics And Trend Of Dietary Supplement For The Elderly Person, Che Wenhui, Peng Shuangshuang

Food and Machinery

Through the survey of dietary supplement consumption on 123 elderly people in Yuelu District of Changsha City, showed that the aged person holds reasonable attitude to consume dietary supplement. They are seriously taking care about their health conditions; incline to get the dietary supplement from pharmacy or specialty stores. They always take the affectivity to first consideration when they make choose. While the dietary supplement attracts younger consumers with ordinary income. Such consumers mostly have reasonable opinions to choose the products and recognize the risks in them. Analyzed the significant factors influencing the dietary supplement consumption in aged group, and …

Study On Centrifugal And Freeze Drying Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Lp-S2 Dvs, Sui Chunguang, Liang Jinzhong, Wang Fengqing

Food and Machinery

Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-S2 which has the ability to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid, was used as starting strain to develop Direct vat set(DVS). Then the centrifugation process and freeze-drying process were optimized. By orthogonal experiment the optimal conditions of centrifugation were identified as: centrifugal temperature 4 ℃, Time-consuming 30 minutes, centrifugal force 6 000 r/min. In this condition, the centrifugal recovery rate of Lactobacillus Lp-S2 is 83.8%. The cryoprotectant was optimized by single factor and orthogonal test. The best combination of cryoprotectants was 15% trehalose, 15% glucose and 10% skim milk powder. The survival rate of L. plantarum Lp-S2 Direct Vat Set …

Effects Of Temperature And Thickness On Quality Of Tiegun Yam By Microwave Drying, Xu Wanxiu, Li Zhenfeng, Li Jing, Song Feihu

Food and Machinery

Slices of tiegun yam were dried at different temperature and thickness without any chemical preservatives added. To dry the slices with constant temperature, optical fiber was used to detect the center temperature of the slices. As the material, fresh tiegun yam was dried by single factor experiment. To evaluate the drying parameters, polysaccharide was extracted by soxhlet extraction and phenol sulfuric acid colorimetry was used to determine polysaccharide e yield of the samples. Besides, weight was online recorded with microwave drying system. Moreover, the sample color was measured with controlling different temperature of material and constant thickness of 5 mm, …

Preparation Of Microcapsules Made Of The Oil From Litsea Cubeba By Spray Drying Method, Fu Hongjun, Peng Xianglian, Zhong Haiyan

Food and Machinery

Litsea cubeba oil microcapsule were prepared by spray drying method. The effect of several shell materials on emulsion stability and surface morphology of microcapsule was investigated, and process conditions of Litsea cubeba oil microcapsule were optimized. The results of scanning electronic microscope (SEM) showed that Litsea cubeba oil microcapsule prepared with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/ arabic gum(HP-β-CD/AG) as wall material is similar to smooth spheres with uniform size and good fluidity, and dents, wrinkles and aggregation for microcapsules prepared with other wall materials were observed. The embedding rate of Litsea cubeba oil in microcapsule was 83.80% under optimum conditions of W_HP-β-CD/AG:W …

Effects Of Different Browning Inhibitors On Color Preservation Of Dried Banana Slices, Bi Jiayu, Dai Yaoyi, Zheng Jiong

Food and Machinery

In order to improve the color quality of dried banana slices and obtain the best color protecting method, the effects of five different colors protecting agents, i.e. phytic acid, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride, EDTA and citric acid, on the color quality of dried banana slices evaluating were studied, by detecting the L^* value and browning degree. The results showed that the order of the effects was phytic acid > citric acid > EDTA > sodium chloride > ascorbic acid. Moreover, it was also found that a better color quality of dried banana slices could be obtained through soking the slices in the color …

Study On Industrial Cogeneration Technology Of Hesperidin And Synephrine In Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Zhang Juhua, Yang Rongwen, Liu Wei, Shan Yang, Li Zhijian

Food and Machinery

In order to improve comprehensive utilization value of Fructus aurantii immaturus, based on existing extraction process of Fructus aurantii Immaturus, cogeneration technology of hesperidin and synephrine in Fructus aurantii Immaturus was presented. HPLC method for determination of hesperidin and synephrine were used, Fructus aurantii Immaturus was crushed and extracted by pH 0.3 Hydrochloric acid solution, the filtrate use Dowex 50(H+) strong acid cation to exchange, through vacuum concentration to get synephrine; while using alkali extracting the residue, after acid precipitation and vacuum drying process to obtain hesperidin, the cogeneration technical parameters were optimized, and 16 repeated trials were condcted. With …

Development And Flavor Substances Analysis Of Purple Sweet Potato And Bitter Buckwheat Combined Vinegar Beverage, Liu Mingyu, Chen Limin, Wang Sidan, Deng Weiqin, Liu Shuliang

Food and Machinery

A vinegar beverage combined with purple sweet potato and bitter buckwheat was developed, and the flavor compounds in it were analyzed. Purple sweet potato and buckwheat were processed through smashing, size mixing, saccharification, alcoholic fermentation and acetic fermentation to produce brew purple sweet potato and buckwheat vinegar, respectively.. The optimum formula of the vinegar beverage was obtained through single factor and orthogonal experiments. The 100 mL optimum complex contained 4 mL purple potato vinegar stock solution, 4 mL buckwheat vinegar stock solution,4 g saccharose, and 4 g fructose-glucose syrup. The vinegar beverage prepared under this condition had a unique purple …

Problems Of Multi-Species Organisms: Endosymbionts To Holobionts, David C. Queller, Joan E. Strassmann

Biology Faculty Research

The organism is one of the fundamental concepts of biology and has been at the center of many discussions about biological individuality, yet what exactly it is can be confusing. The definition that we find generally useful is that an organism is a unit in which all the subunits have evolved to be highly cooperative, with very little conflict. We focus on how often organisms evolve from two or more formerly independent organisms. Two canonical transitions of this type—replicators clustered in cells and endosymbiotic organelles within host cells—demonstrate the reality of this kind of evolutionary transition and suggest conditions that …

Effects Of Glycosidase（R.B1l And R.Cl） On Configuration Of Isoflavones And Improvement Of Flavor In Soybean Milk, Zhou Weijie, Xia Rong, Zhu Chongyang, Pei Jing, Tao Huiyuan, Cheng Yongqiang

Food and Machinery

In order to obtain a higher content of soybean isoflavone glycosides and improve the flavor of soybean milk, two kinds of glycosidase (R.B1L and R.CL) were used in soybean milk processing, then the soybean isoflavones and lavor compounds were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique(GC/MS) respectively. The results showed that the amount of soybean isoflavone aglycones increased 7.289 μg/g, which was 35.7% higher than the control group. While, the bean flavor compounds of hexanal and 2-amyl furan decreased 10.8%, and the aroma compounds of hexyl alcohol and anti-2-nonene aldehyde increased 10.88%. It indicates that …

Effect Of Different Solvents On Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content And Antioxidant Activity Of Highland Barley, Shne Yingbin, Zhang Youwei, Huang Caihuan, Chen Yongsheng, Wang Li, Ou Shiyi, Zhang Hui

Food and Machinery

The objectives of this study were to evaluate total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of different extraction from three kinds of highland barley. The results showed that 95% ethanol and 60%acetone were better to extract phenolic compounds than other solvents. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities of Zangqing 2000 using different solvents were higher than that of Xunhua and Shangri-la highland barley. Meanwhile, the highest total phenolic content of Zangqing 2000 was 211.92 mg GAE/100 g DW in 60% acetone, the highest total flavonoid content of Zangqing 2000 was 60.11 mg RT/100 g DW in 60% …

Procedure Optimization On Extraction Of Jujube Polysaccharide With Enzyme-Microwave, Zhang Lizhi, Feng Na

Food and Machinery

The polysaccharide from Lingwu Jujube was extracted using enzyme-microwave method. Moreover, the influence factors of polysaccharide extraction were studied, i.e. the enzyme concentr-ation, the hydrolysis time, the material ratio, the microwave power, and the treatment time, and then the optimum extraction condition were finally determined through orthogonal test. The results showed that the jujube polysaccharide could be extracted with high efficiency by combining the utilization of 1.5% trypsin (pH 8.0, hydrolyzing for 2.0 h) with the microwave (under the medium fire for 5 min), controlling the material ratio at 1∶20 (mass ratio).

The Complex Evolutionary History Of Aminoacyl-Trna Synthetases, Anargyros Chaliotis, Panayotis Vlastaridis, Dimitris Mossialos, Michael Ibba, Hubert D. Becker, Constantinos Stathopoulos, Grigorios D. Amoutzias

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are a superfamily of enzymes responsible for the faithful translation of the genetic code and have lately become a prominent target for synthetic biologists. Our large-scale analysis of >2500 prokaryotic genomes reveals the complex evolutionary history of these enzymes and their paralogs, in which horizontal gene transfer played an important role. These results show that a widespread belief in the evolutionary stability of this superfamily is misconceived. Although AlaRS, GlyRS, LeuRS, IleRS, ValRS are the most stable members of the family, GluRS, LysRS and CysRS often have paralogs, whereas AsnRS, GlnRS, PylRS and SepRS are often absent …

1975, Bulletin No. 118, California's Ground Water, Department Of Water Resources

State and Federal Documents Relating to Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties

The Bulletin summarizes known technical information on ground water basins in California and the extent of their water supplies throughout the State. It also discusses the ways in which ground water basins have been used and missue in the past and suggests better management mechanisms for the future.

Gruber Explores The Living Lights Of The Oceans., Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

The ocean waters are full of creatures that produce light, from microscopic organisms to sharks and marine turtles. Sometimes human vision is not prepared to detect it, but that does not mean such phenomena, known as bioluminescence and biofluorescence, are unimportant.

“There’s so many different ways in which life perceives light, and trying to get inside these animals, to get behind their eyes, is almost like walking in someone else’s shoes,” says Dr. David Gruber, an associate professor of biology at Baruch College in New York City. “It’s like being someone else for a day.”

Adjustment And Optimization Of The Cropping Systems Under Water Constraint, Pingli An, Wei Ren, Xiliin Liu, Mengmei Song, Xuemin Li

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The water constraint on agricultural production receives growing concern with the increasingly sharp contradiction between demand and supply of water resources. How to mitigate and adapt to potential water constraint is one of the key issues for ensuring food security and achieving sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change. It has been suggested that adjustment and optimization of cropping systems could be an effective measure to improve water management and ensure food security. However, a knowledge gap still exists in how to quantify potential water constraint and how to select appropriate cropping systems. Here, we proposed a concept of …

Respective Contributions Of Single And Compound Granule Fusion To Secretion By Activated Platelets, Anita Eckly, Jean-Yves Rinckel, Fabienne Proamer, Neslihan Ulas, Smita Joshi, Sidney W. Whiteheart, Christian Gachet

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Although granule secretion is pivotal in many platelet responses, the fusion routes of α and δ granule release remain uncertain. We used a 3D reconstruction approach based on electron microscopy to visualize the spatial organization of granules in unstimulated and activated platelets. Two modes of exocytosis were identified: a single mode that leads to release of the contents of individual granules and a compound mode that leads to the formation of granule-to-granule fusion, resulting in the formation of large multigranular compartments. Both modes occur during the course of platelet secretion. Single fusion events are more visible at lower levels of …

Wetland Invasion By Typha×Glauca Increases Soil Methane Emissions, Beth A. Lawrence, Shane Lishawa, Nancy Tuchman, Nia Hurst, Buck T. Castillo

School of Environmental Sustainability: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Wetland invasion by monotypic dominant plants can alter the physicochemical and biological properties of soils that affect methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. We examined the effects of Typha × glauca invasion on soil methane using laboratory incubation and controlled mesocosm experiments. Typha-invaded soils collected from three Midwestern (USA) wetlands had greater methane production potential during laboratory incubation than soils dominated by native wet meadow vegetation. Ten years post-invasion of native plant-dominated mesocosms, Typha increased methane emissions at least three-fold (native: 15.0 ± 10.5 mg CH₄-C m⁻² h⁻¹, median: 6.1 mg CH₄-C …

Nucleoside-Diphosphate-Kinase Of P. Gingivalis Is Secreted From Epithelial Cells In The Absence Of A Leader Sequence Through A Pannexin-1 Interactome, Kalina Atanasova, Jungnam Lee, Joann Roberts, Kyulim Lee, David M. Ojcius, Özlem Yilmaz

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Nucleoside-diphosphate-kinases (NDKs) are leaderless, multifunctional enzymes. The mode(s) of NDK secretion is currently undefined, while extracellular translocation of bacterial NDKs is critical for avoidance of host pathogen clearance by opportunistic pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis-NDK during infection inhibits extracellular-ATP (eATP)/P2X7-receptor mediated cell death in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) via eATP hydrolysis. Furthermore, depletion of pannexin-1-hemichannel (PNX1) coupled with P2X7-receptor blocks the infection-induced eATP release in GECs, and P. gingivalis-NDK impacts this pathway. Ultrastructural and confocal microscopy of P. gingivalis-co-cultured GECs or green-fluorescent-protein (GFP)-P. gingivalis-NDK transfected GECs revealed a perinuclear/cytoplasmic localization of NDK. eATP stimulation induced NDK recruitment to …

Linking Hydraulic Traits To Tropical Forest Function In A Size-Structured And Trait-Driven Model (Tfs V.1-Hydro), Bradley O. Christoffersen, Manuel Gloor, Sophie Fauset, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, David R. Galbraith, Timothy R. Baker, Bart Kruij, Lucy Rowland, Rosie A. Fisher, Oliver J. Binks

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Forest ecosystem models based on heuristic water stress functions poorly predict tropical forest response to drought partly because they do not capture the diversity of hydraulic traits (including variation in tree size) observed in tropical forests. We developed a continuous porous media approach to modeling plant hydraulics in which all parameters of the constitutive equations are biologically interpretable and measurable plant hydraulic traits (e.g., turgor loss point πtlp, bulk elastic modulus ε, hydraulic capacitance Cft, xylem hydraulic conductivity ks,max, water potential at 50 % loss of conductivity for both xylem (P50,x) and stomata ( …

Consciousness And Evolutionary Biology, Yew-Kwang Ng

Animal Sentience

Reber’s axiom: “Any organism with flexible cell walls, a sensitivity to its surrounds and the capacity for locomotion will possess the biological foundations of mind and consciousness” does not seem to be supported by things we know and the logic of evolutionary biology. The latter leads to the conclusion that conscious species are flexible in their behavior (rather than in their cell walls), as argued in Ng (1995, 2016). Locomotion may be completely hard-wired and need not involve consciousness. It is hard enough to explain how consciousness could emerge in a sophisticated brain: Isn’t it a harder problem to show …

Body Mass Estimates From Bone And Tooth Measurements In White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, Brandi Morris, Alfred J. Mead

Georgia Journal of Science

The distal forelimbs and mandibles of 110 female and 240 male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia, were used to examine the relationship between metacarpal dimensions, first lower molar occlusal surface area, and mandibular width versus body mass. The strongest correlation was found between female metacarpal proximal area vs. body mass (R2 = 0.74). The combined-sexes metacarpal proximal area vs. body mass displayed a lower correlation (R2 = 0.54). The female first lower molar surface area vs. body mass produced the highest dental correlation (R2 = 0.56). The study suggests that body mass estimates using …

Influence Of Tick And Mammalian Physiological Temperatures On Borrelia Burgdorferi Biofilms, Shafiq Shaikh, Venkata Arun Timmaraju, Jason Torres, Kayla Socarras, Priyanka A. Theophilus, Eva Sapi

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

The spirochaete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is the aetiologic agent of Lyme disease. Borrelia is transmitted to mammals through tick bite and is adapted to survive at tick and mammalian physiological temperatures. We have previously shown that B. burgdorferi can exist in different morphological forms, including the antibiotic-resistant biofilm form, in vitro and in vivo. B. burgdorferi forms aggregates in ticks as well as in humans, indicating potential of biofilm formation at both 23 and 37 °C. However, the role of various environmental factors that influence Borrelia biofilm formation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect …

The Intestinal Copper Exporter Cua-1 Is Required For Systemic Copper Homeostasis In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Haarin Chun, Anuj Kumar Sharma, Jaekwon Lee, Jefferson Chan, Shang Jia, Byung-Eun Kim

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Copper plays key catalytic and regulatory roles in biochemical processes essential for normal growth, development, and health. Defects in copper metabolism cause Menkes and Wilson’s disease, myeloneuropathy, and cardiovascular disease and are associated with other pathophysiological states. Consequently, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which organisms control the acquisition, distribution, and utilization of copper. The intestinal enterocyte is a key regulatory point for copper absorption into the body; however, the mechanisms by which intestinal cells transport copper to maintain organismal copper homeostasis are poorly understood. Here, we identify a mechanism by which organismal copper homeostasis is maintained by …

Photography-Based Taxonomy Is Inadequate, Unnecessary, And Potentially Harmful For Biological Sciences, Luis M P Ceríaco, Eliécer E. Gutiérrez, Alain Dubois, Hendrik Freitag, 537 Co-Authors

Biology Faculty Publications

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per …

Effects Of Road And Land Use On Frog Distributions Across Spatial Scales And Regions In The Eastern And Central United States, David M. Marsh, Bradley J. Cosentino, Kara S. Jones, Joseph J. Apodaca, Karen H. Beard, Jane Margaret Bell, Christine Bozarth, Derrick Carper, Julie F. Charbonnier, Andreia Dantas, Elizabeth A. Forys, Miran Foster, Jaquelyn General, Kristen S. Genet, Macie Hanneken, Kyle R. Hess, Shane A. Hill, Faisal Iqbal, Nancy E. Karraker, Eran S. Kilpatrick, Tom A. Langen, James Langford, Kathryn Lauer, Alison J. Mccarthy, Joseph Neale, Saumya Patel, Austin Patton, Cherie Southwick, Nathaniel Stearrett, Nicholas Steijn, Mohammed Tasleem, Jospeh M. Taylor, James R. Vonesh

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Understanding the scales over which land use affects animal populations is critical for conservation planning, and it can provide information about the mechanisms that underlie correlations between species distributions and land use. We used a citizen science database of anuran surveys to examine the relationship between road density, land use and the distribution of frogs and toads across spatial scales and regions of the United States.

Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy Contributes To The Dynamic Atovaquone Resistance Response In Plasmodium Falciparum, Sasha Victoria Siegel

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Of the considerable challenges researchers face in the control and elimination of malaria, the development of antimalarial drug resistance in parasite populations remains a significant hurdle to progress worldwide. Atovaquone is used in combination with proguanil (Malarone) as an antimalarial treatment in uncomplicated malaria, but is rendered ineffective by the rapid development of atovaquone resistance during treatment. Previous studies have established that de novo mutant parasites confer resistance to atovaquone with a substitution in amino acid 268 in the cytochrome b gene encoded by the parasite mitochondrial genome, yet much is still unknown about how this resistance develops, and whether …

Importance Of Heat And Pressure For Solubilization Of Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins In Aqueous Solution, Justin A. Jones, Thomas I. Harris, Paula F. Oliveira, Brianne E. Bell, Abdulrahman Alhabib, Randolph V. Lewis

Biology Faculty Publications

The production of recombinant spider silk proteins continues to be a key area of interest for a number of research groups. Several key obstacles exist in their production as well as in their formulation into useable products. The original reported method to solubilize recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSp) in an aqueous solution involved using microwaves to quickly generate heat and pressure inside of a sealed vial containing rSSp and water. Fibers produced from this system are remarkable in their mechanical ability and demonstrate the ability to be stretched and recover 100 times. The microwave method dissolves the rSSPs with dissolution …

Photography-Based Taxonomy Is Inadequate, Unnecessary, And Potentially Harmful For Biological Sciences, Luis M. P. Ceríaco, Eliécer E. Gutiérrez, Alain Dubois, Rafael O. De Sá, Et Al.

Biology Faculty Publications

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per …

Seven Bacteriophages Isolated From The Female Urinary Microbiota, Kema Malki, Emily Sible, Alexandria Cooper, Andrea Garretto, Katherine Bruder, Siobhan C. Watkins, Catherine Putonti

Bioinformatics Faculty Publications

Recent research has debunked the myth that urine is sterile, having uncovered bacteria within the bladders of healthy individuals. However, the identity, diversity, and putative roles of bacteriophages in the bladder are unknown. We report the draft genome sequences of seven bacteriophages isolated from microbial communities from adult female bladders.