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Articles 117631 - 117660 of 255927

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Ancient Dna Extraction From Stone Tools, Clare Super Jan 2017

Ancient Dna Extraction From Stone Tools, Clare Super

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Proteins and DNA can be trapped in the microcracks on the surface of stone tools, which can then be extracted and analyzed to aid in inferring the use of the tool (Shanks et al. 2001; 2005). This nondestructive method involves the use of sonication to release DNA from the microcracks, then amplification of regions of mitochondrial DNA that are species specific. This technique was applied to stone tools from the Bridge River site in British Columbia by researchers at UMT’s Ancient and Modern Molecular Anthropology labs. Bridge River archaeologists have designated the tools as used in “food processing or tool …

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The Effect Of An Underwater Treadmill Aquatic Exercise Program On The Functional Ability Of K2, Trans-Tibial Unilateral Amputees, Jonathan D. Bailey Jan 2017

The Effect Of An Underwater Treadmill Aquatic Exercise Program On The Functional Ability Of K2, Trans-Tibial Unilateral Amputees, Jonathan D. Bailey

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

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Analysis Of Metabolites In The Urine Of Mice With Tyrosinemia Type 1 Using Nmr And Ms, Flora Eason Jan 2017

Analysis Of Metabolites In The Urine Of Mice With Tyrosinemia Type 1 Using Nmr And Ms, Flora Eason

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

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Treating Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines With The Use Of Plants, Shaylee Green Jan 2017

Treating Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines With The Use Of Plants, Shaylee Green

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

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Purification Of Human Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D-Synthase, Katherine Peffen Jan 2017

Purification Of Human Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D-Synthase, Katherine Peffen

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

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Striped Tail Darter Project, Zeina Sleiman Jan 2017

Striped Tail Darter Project, Zeina Sleiman

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

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Molecular Biology Of A Surface-Exposed Protein Family Of Bartonella Bacilliformis, Hannah Fay Jan 2017

Molecular Biology Of A Surface-Exposed Protein Family Of Bartonella Bacilliformis, Hannah Fay

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Bartonella bacilliformis is a gram negative alpha-proteobacterium native to the Andes of South America. Bartonella causes Carrion’s disease, a potentially life threatening disease transmitted by the sand fly. It has a mortality rate of 88% when untreated and 10% when treated. Diagnostics and control measures for the disease are underdeveloped and no vaccine is available. Recent outbreaks indicate that the range of the pathogen is increasing with nearly 1.7 million people in western South America at risk. Little is known about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of B. bacilliformis. Recent research done by UC San Diego found a paralogous gene …

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Toward Estimating Displaced Primary Production From Recycling: A Case Study Of U.S. Aluminum, Trevor Zink Jan 2017

Toward Estimating Displaced Primary Production From Recycling: A Case Study Of U.S. Aluminum, Trevor Zink

Management Faculty Works

Recycling materials from end-of-life products has the potential to create environmental benefit by displacing more harmful primary material production. However, displacement is governed by market forces and is not guaranteed; if full displacement does not occur, the environmental benefits of recycling are reduced or eliminated. Therefore, quantifying the true “displacement rate” caused by recycling is essential to accurately assess environmental benefits and make optimal environmental management decisions. Our 2016 article proposed a market-based methodology to estimate actual displacement rates following an increase in recycling or reuse. The current article demonstrates the operation, utility, and challenges of that methodology in the …

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Osm1 Facilitates The Transfer Of Electrons From Erv1 To Fumarate In The Redox-Regulated Import Pathway In The Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space, Deepa V. Dabir Jan 2017

Osm1 Facilitates The Transfer Of Electrons From Erv1 To Fumarate In The Redox-Regulated Import Pathway In The Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space, Deepa V. Dabir

Biology Faculty Works

Prokaryotes have aerobic and anaerobic electron acceptors for oxidative folding of periplasmic proteins. The mitochondrial intermembrane space has an analogous pathway with the oxidoreductase Mia40 and sulfhydryl oxidase Erv1, termed the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly (MIA) pathway. The aerobic electron acceptors include oxygen and cytochrome c, but an acceptor that can function under anaerobic conditions has not been identified. Here we show that the fumarate reductase Osm1, which facilitates electron transfer from fumarate to succinate, fills this gap as a new electron acceptor. In addition to microsomes, Osm1 localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and assembles with Erv1 in a …

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Clinical Implications Of Augmenter Of Liver Regeneration In Cancer: A Systematic Review, Deepa V. Dabir Jan 2017

Clinical Implications Of Augmenter Of Liver Regeneration In Cancer: A Systematic Review, Deepa V. Dabir

Biology Faculty Works

Background/Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a substantial healthcare burden with high prevalence and poor prognosiS. As such, efforts are continually made to uncover molecules relevant in cancer biology, that are exploitable as targets for therapy. The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell and exhibits altered functionality in the malignant state, including aberrant regulation of apoptosis and cellular respiration. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein that demonstrates antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties and plays a key role in liver regeneration. Materials and Methods: The present study systematically reviews the available literature on the role of ALR in cancer. …

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Simultaneous Synergist, Antagonistic, And Additive Interactions Between Multiple Local Stressors All Degrade Algal Turf Communities On Coral Reefs, Sarah Joy Bittick Jan 2017

Simultaneous Synergist, Antagonistic, And Additive Interactions Between Multiple Local Stressors All Degrade Algal Turf Communities On Coral Reefs, Sarah Joy Bittick

Biology Faculty Works

1. Ecological communities are subjected to multiple anthropogenic stressors at both global and local scales that are increasing in number and magnitude. Stressors can interact in complex ways and are classified as additive, synergistic or antagonistic; the nature of the interaction is key to predicting changes and understanding community resilience. Coral reefs are among the most impacted communities and have shifted from coral to algal-dominated states, and overfishing, nutrient enrichment and sedimentation are local stressors that often cooccur and may support degraded algal states. Short algal turfs are abundant benthic space holders on healthy reefs that may be pushed by …

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The Effects Of Exogenous Hormones On The Progression Of Oocytes Through Prophase I Of Meiosis, Deion Myles Burks Jan 2017

The Effects Of Exogenous Hormones On The Progression Of Oocytes Through Prophase I Of Meiosis, Deion Myles Burks

Theses - ALL

The process of germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation that begins during embryonic development in mammalian ovaries is vital for future reproductive success because it establishes the total pool of viable egg cells the female will have for the rest of her life. Germ cells arrive at the gonad in the mouse at approximately 10.5 days post coitum and begin to form germline cysts through incomplete mitosis. At 13.5 days post coitum, the germ cells enter meiosis and begin to progress through prophase I of meiosis I. Germ cells progress through a series of sub-phases of prophase I …

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Rad Gtpase: Identification Of Novel Regulatory Mechanisms And A New Function In Modulation Of Bone Density And Marrow Adiposity, Catherine Nicole Kaminski Withers Jan 2017

Rad Gtpase: Identification Of Novel Regulatory Mechanisms And A New Function In Modulation Of Bone Density And Marrow Adiposity, Catherine Nicole Kaminski Withers

Theses and Dissertations--Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

The small GTP-binding protein Rad (RRAD, Ras associated with diabetes) is the founding member of the RGK (Rad, Rem, Rem2, and Gem/Kir) family that regulates voltage-dependent calcium channel function. Given its expression in both excitable and non-excitable cell types, the control mechanisms for Rad regulation and the potential for novel functions for Rad beyond calcium channel modulation are open questions. Here we report a novel interaction between Rad and Enigma, a scaffolding protein that also binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1). Overexpression of Smurf1, but not …

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Viral Fusion Protein Tm-Tm Interactions: Modulators Of Protein Function And Potential Antiviral Targets, Stacy Webb Jan 2017

Viral Fusion Protein Tm-Tm Interactions: Modulators Of Protein Function And Potential Antiviral Targets, Stacy Webb

Theses and Dissertations--Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Enveloped viruses, such as HIV, influenza, and Ebola, utilize surface glycoproteins to bind and fuse with a target cell membrane. This fusion event is necessary for release of viral genomic material so the virus can ultimately reproduce and spread. The recently emerged Hendra virus (HeV) is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA paramyxovirus that presents a considerable threat to human health as there are currently no human vaccines or antivirals available. The HeV utilizes two surface glycoproteins, the fusion protein (F) and the attachment protein (G), to drive membrane fusion. Through this process, the F protein undergoes an irreversible conformational change, transitioning …

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Platelet Endocytosis: Roles In Hemostasis And Innate Immunity, Meenakshi Banerjee Jan 2017

Platelet Endocytosis: Roles In Hemostasis And Innate Immunity, Meenakshi Banerjee

Theses and Dissertations--Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Endocytosis is key to fibrinogen (Fg) uptake, receptor trafficking of integrins (αIIbβ3, αvβ3) and purinergic receptors (P2Y1, P2Y12), and thereby for normal platelet function. However, platelet endocytosis could potentially be critical for actively sensing changes in vascular micro-environments and responding accordingly to what is being taken up. This is a more dynamic view of platelets as active surveyors of the vasculature; extending the importance of platelet endocytosis beyond granule biogenesis and perhaps even hemostasis. The mechanistic underpinnings of endocytosis, its importance in platelets, and the molecular machinery required …

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Micrornas Modulate Pathogenesis Resulting From Chlamydial Infection In Mice, Laxmi Yeruva, S. Pouncey, Michael R. Eledge, Sudeepa Bhattacharya, Chunqiao Luo, Erin W. Weatherford, David M. Ojcius, Roger G. Rank Jan 2017

Micrornas Modulate Pathogenesis Resulting From Chlamydial Infection In Mice, Laxmi Yeruva, S. Pouncey, Michael R. Eledge, Sudeepa Bhattacharya, Chunqiao Luo, Erin W. Weatherford, David M. Ojcius, Roger G. Rank

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Not all women infected with chlamydiae develop upper genital tract disease, but the reason(s) for this remains undefined. Host genetics and hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle are possible explanations for variable infection outcomes. It is also possible that disease severity depends on the virulence of the chlamydial inoculum. It is likely that the inoculum contains multiple genetic variants, differing in virulence. If the virulent variants dominate, then the individual is more likely to develop severe disease. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesized that the relative degree of virulence of a chlamydial population dictates the microRNA (miRNA) expression …

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Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation Of Kir Channels, Junghoon Ha Jan 2017

Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation Of Kir Channels, Junghoon Ha

Theses and Dissertations

Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels establish and regulate the resting membrane potential of excitable cells in the heart, brain and other peripheral tissues. Phosphatidylinositol- 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a key direct activator of ion channels, including Kir channels. Gasotransmitters, such as carbon monoxide (CO), have been reported to regulate the activity of Kir channels by altering channel-PIP2 interactions. We tested, in a model system, the effects and mechanism of action of another important gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) thought to play a key role in cellular responses under ischemic conditions. Direct administration of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), as an exogenous H2S source, …

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The Hypercapnic Ventilatory Response And Behavior In Ca2+-Activated K+ (Bk) Channel Knock Out Mice And T-Cell Death-Associated Gene 8 (Tdag8) Receptor Knock Out Mice, Christine Annette Ratliff-Rang Jan 2017

The Hypercapnic Ventilatory Response And Behavior In Ca2+-Activated K+ (Bk) Channel Knock Out Mice And T-Cell Death-Associated Gene 8 (Tdag8) Receptor Knock Out Mice, Christine Annette Ratliff-Rang

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Some acid sensing areas in the brain control the expression of breathing and anxiety/fear including the locus coeruleus (LC) (Redmond & Huang, 1979) and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). It has been found that knocking out T-cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8), a chemosensor, attenuates CO2 induced fear phenotypes in mice. However their hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) has not yet been looked at. Also, BK channels are large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels that are activated by increases in concentration of intracellular calcium ions. It has been found that BK KO rats have an increase in their HCVR (Patrone et al., 2014) however …

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Enhanced Neurogenesis In Subventricular Zone Of Rats That Voluntarily Ingest Fluoxetine And Simavastatin Combination Treatment, Tiffany L. Flannery Jan 2017

Enhanced Neurogenesis In Subventricular Zone Of Rats That Voluntarily Ingest Fluoxetine And Simavastatin Combination Treatment, Tiffany L. Flannery

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of deaths as the risk factors, both controllable and uncontrollable, are many. We first concentrated on a stress-free way to deliver the drugs. Our preference was to have the animals ingest the drugs, which led us to a reliable method for orally administering medication to the animal models. Using three different drug combinations, we tested the effects on neurogenesis without stroke. We found the drug combination of Fluoxetine/Statin/Ascorbic acid increases neurogenesis 19 fold when compared with control. Lastly, we looked at the gene changes in the cortex of the animal models that had …

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Thermal Burn Injury Induced Microvesicle Particle Release, Katherine Erin Fahy Jan 2017

Thermal Burn Injury Induced Microvesicle Particle Release, Katherine Erin Fahy

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Microvesicle particles (MVP) are found to be important for cellular communication because they contain many bioactive proteins, lipids, cytokines, and nucleic acids. We have previously found that ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) and a Platelet-activating factor agonist (CPAF) can stimulate the release of MVP in keratinocytes. We hypothesized that there may also be an increase in MVP released after thermal burn and that could be involved in pathogenesis of the systemic effects found in some patients. In this thesis various keratinocyte cell lines, mice and human ex vivo skin were used as model systems to test our hypotheses. It was determined …

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Extracellular Microvesicles As A Novel Biomarker For Wound Healing, Walid Omran Mari Jan 2017

Extracellular Microvesicles As A Novel Biomarker For Wound Healing, Walid Omran Mari

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Introduction: Wound healing is a sophisticated dynamic process that involves complex coordination among a variety of resident cells in a suitable extracellular environment. Chronic wounds are defined as wounds that fail to heal within a period of 3 months. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a closed suction drainage system is used to enable mass transport of fluid from the body as an adjunct to surgical procedures. (Oasis-ultra) is a triple layer extracellular matrix containing different types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) like heparin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. In addition, it has adhesion molecule such as fibronectin and laminin along …

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Is Mitochondrial Development Impaired In Hyperoxic Rats And Does This Underpin The Blunting Of The Acute Hypoxic Ventilatory Response?, Tariq Hasan Fayyad Jan 2017

Is Mitochondrial Development Impaired In Hyperoxic Rats And Does This Underpin The Blunting Of The Acute Hypoxic Ventilatory Response?, Tariq Hasan Fayyad

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Carotid body (CB) responses to hypoxia are low at birth and increase over time to mature responses. Using an in vitro rat CB-carotid sinus nerve (CSN) preparation, Kholwadwala and Donnelly (1992) demonstrated that the CSN activity in response to hypoxia increased from low levels to robust adult responses after two weeks. This time course of maturation was paralleled by an increase in TASK channel sensitivity to hypoxia in the O2-sensing Type I cells (Kim et al, 2011). Previous studies have indicated that a fall in Type I cell mitochondrial volume and an increase in the rate of oxidative phosphorylation may …

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Vitamin D3 And Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Proteins Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In An Alzheimer’S Disease Like-Model Consisting Of Microglial And Neuronal Co-Cultures, Alexander Evdokiou Jan 2017

Vitamin D3 And Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Proteins Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In An Alzheimer’S Disease Like-Model Consisting Of Microglial And Neuronal Co-Cultures, Alexander Evdokiou

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This study examined the inflammatory effects of amyloid-ß (Aß42) in a microglial-neuronal co-culture system and determined whether 1a, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) along with suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS 3 mimetics would attenuate the inflammatory response to Aß42. This culture system, when seeded with Aß42, serves as an in vitro model for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a neuronal-microglia co-culture, Aß42 stimulated microglia to secrete TNF-a, but with the addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3, TNF-a levels dropped by nearly eight-fold and to near zero values in the presence of both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and SOCS1 and SOCS 3 mimetics. The reduction of the inflammatory …

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Role Of Erk3 In Regulating Rhogdi1-Paks Signaling Axis, Hitham Abdulrahman Aldharee Jan 2017

Role Of Erk3 In Regulating Rhogdi1-Paks Signaling Axis, Hitham Abdulrahman Aldharee

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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical protein kinase of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. In comparison to well-investigated ERK1/2 (classical) MAPKs, much less has been discovered about ERK3 signaling and its cellular functions. Recent studies have shown that ERK3 is overexpressed in various types of cancers such as lung cancer and breast cancer and that ERK3 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. How ERK3 regulates cancer cell motility and invasiveness, however, is still largely unknown. RhoGTPases, including Rho, Cdc42 and Rac1, play critical roles in regulating cell motility and invasiveness through activating downstream effectors such as p21-activated …

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The Effect Of Gram-Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Cell Wall Components Lipoteichoic Acid And Peptidoglycan On Cytokine Production, Cytoskeletal Arrangement, And Cell Viability On Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Gabrielle String Jan 2017

The Effect Of Gram-Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Cell Wall Components Lipoteichoic Acid And Peptidoglycan On Cytokine Production, Cytoskeletal Arrangement, And Cell Viability On Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Gabrielle String

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In this study, gram positive Staphylococcus aureus cell wall components such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) were used to study the potential inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response, cytoskeletal arrangement and cell viability on RAW264.7 murine macrophages over 24 hours. The effect of S.aureus LTA and PGN (5 [mu]g/mL) on RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated every six hours for twenty-four hours. Inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a) production peaked at 6 hours before decreasing over time. Anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) production peaked between 12 and 18 hours. During the first twenty-four hours, cytotoxicity of treated macrophages, as defined as the release of lactate …

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Dnp63a Suppresses Cell Invasion By Targeting Rac1 Through Mir-320a, Amjad Ahmed Aljagthmi Jan 2017

Dnp63a Suppresses Cell Invasion By Targeting Rac1 Through Mir-320a, Amjad Ahmed Aljagthmi

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DNp63a, a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, is overexpressed in a number of cancers and known to play a role in proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. DNp63a has been shown to regulate several microRNAs that play a role in both development and cancer, but to date there has not been a global analysis of p63- regulated miRNA. Using next-generation sequencing of small RNA from wild type and sip63 transfected HaCaT cells, our laboratory recently identified a number of DNp63a- regulated miRNAs by RNA-Seq studies which may serve as biomarkers of cancer progression. We identified a novel miRNA, …

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The Impact Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Rho And Cdc42 Proteins Expression, F-Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements, And Cytokines Production Of Uninfected And Hsv-1 Infected M1 And M2 Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Maha A. Elwardany Jan 2017

The Impact Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Rho And Cdc42 Proteins Expression, F-Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements, And Cytokines Production Of Uninfected And Hsv-1 Infected M1 And M2 Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Maha A. Elwardany

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The immune system plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 during the lytic phase of the disease, orchestrating the inflammatory response, retaining the virus in its latent phase and preventing the recurrence of HSV-1 infection. Macrophages display a vital role in the innate and adaptive immune responses during multiple phases of HSV-1 infection. Polarized macrophages are categorized into two distinct classes with diverse functions. The classically activated M1 can engulf and destroy the microbial agents, produce proinflammatory cytokines, and participate in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. The alternatively activated M2 induces anti-inflammatory mediators and stimulates tissue remodeling …

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Impacts Of Invasive Alliaria Petiolata On Two Native Pieridae Butterflies, Anthocharis Midea And Pieris Virginiensis, Danielle Marie Thiemann Jan 2017

Impacts Of Invasive Alliaria Petiolata On Two Native Pieridae Butterflies, Anthocharis Midea And Pieris Virginiensis, Danielle Marie Thiemann

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Invasion of Alliaria petiolata has negative direct and indirect impacts on the systems in which they invade. This study focuses on further identifying impacts which this non-native A. petiolata has on herbivores whose range they have invaded. Oviposition on A. petiolata by the specialist butterfly, Pieris virginiensis, is known to be a mismatch event leading to larval death from sinigrin and alliarinoside. To observe if the related specialist, Anthocharis midea, falls into the same oviposition sink paired plot comparisons between native Cardamine concatenata and non-native A. petiolata were conducted. Early in the season paired-plot comparisons showed a preference for native …

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Measuring The Effects Of High-Fat Diet On Breathing And Oxygen-Sensitivity Of The Carotid Body Type I Cell, Ryan J. Rakoczy Jan 2017

Measuring The Effects Of High-Fat Diet On Breathing And Oxygen-Sensitivity Of The Carotid Body Type I Cell, Ryan J. Rakoczy

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The carotid bodies (CB), the primary peripheral chemoreceptors, respond to changes in blood gases with neurotransmitter release, thereby increasing carotid sinus nerve firing frequency and ultimately correcting the pattern of breathing. It has previously been demonstrated that acute application of the adipokine leptin caused perturbations of intracellular calcium and membrane ion movement in isolated CB Type I cells (Pye et al, 2015) and augmented the response of the intact CB to hypoxia (Pye et al, 2016). This study's aim was to examine, in-vivo, if elevated leptin modulated CB function and breathing. Rats were fed high-fat chow or control chow for …

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Exploring The Role Of Lipin1 In Mitophagy Process Using Lipin1 Deficient-Egfp Tagged Lc3 Transgenic Mice, Abdullah Ali Alshudukhi Jan 2017

Exploring The Role Of Lipin1 In Mitophagy Process Using Lipin1 Deficient-Egfp Tagged Lc3 Transgenic Mice, Abdullah Ali Alshudukhi

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Lipin1 (phosphatidic acid phosphatase) is a key molecule in the cells with two functions: first, it converts phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol in the cytosol which in turn makes triglycerides. Second, in nucleus lipin1 acts as a transcriptional factor which regulates the expression of genes involved in the fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism. Clinically, Lpin1 gene mutations have been detected in patients with severe rhabdomyolysis accompanied with aggregated and dysfunctional mitochondria in their type II muscle fiber. Previously, we have observed that mice with lipin1 deficiency had aggregated mitochondria and abnormal autophagosomes formations by electron microscopy. The mechanism underlying the …

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