Metallurgy Commons^™

The Effect Of Small Additions Of Niobium Upon The Corrosion Rates And Electrochemical Potentials Of Iron In Hcl, Hf, And H₂So₄, Richard Lee Jones

Masters Theses

"The valence of niobium ions going into solution was determined by dissolving the metal in hot HF and measuring the volume of hydrogen evolved. The corrosion rates of Nb, NbH_x, Fe and Fe - Nb alloys were determined in various concentrations of NCl, H₂SO₄ and HF. The Fe and Fe - Nb alloy samples were made by using powder metallurgy techniques. It was found that a metal skin was produced on the surface of iron corrosion samples if the carbon content of the surface layer was lower than that of the core of the sample. The lower carbon …

Calorimetry Of Room Temperature Deformed Copper, George Juri Filatovs

Doctoral Dissertations

"An adiabatic anisothermal differential calorimeter for the study of room temperature deformed 99.999% pure copper has been constructed. An annealed and a deformed specimen were heated at a constant rate in adiabatic surroundings and the differences in energy released between samples was obtained. The control circuits were automatic. Deformation was by elongation ranging from 12 to 40%, and the corresponding energy found was from 1.9 to 5.3 calories/gram-atom. No recovery energy was found. The results obtained generally agree with published results and, in particular, verify Gordon's isothermal annealing results. It is proposed that the criteria for the presence of recovery …

Grain Boundary Self-Diffusion In Sodium Chloride, Kenneth Ray Riggs

Doctoral Dissertations

"The diffusion of ²²sodium and ³⁶chlorine along tilt and twist grain boundaries in pure and calcium chloride doped sodium chloride bicrystals was investigated. No enhanced diffusion of ²²sodium along the grain boundaries was observed. Between 400°C and 500°C the chlorine grain boundary diffusion parameter, D'Δ, is described by D'Δ = (D'Δ)₀exp (-Q_b/kT), where (D'Δ)₀ is approximately 10⁻⁷ cm³/sec and Qb is 1.15 ± .30 eV. The grain boundary angle, the grain boundary character (tilt or twist), and the calcium chloride concentration appear to have no pronounced effect upon the observed chlorine grain boundary diffusion. The ionic movement …

Phase Equilibria And Thermodynamic Studies In The System Ca0-Fe0-Fe₂0₃₋Si0₂, Muharrem Timucin

Doctoral Dissertations

"A study of phase relations and thermodynamic properties of phases in the system CaO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂ was conducted at 1450°C and 1550°C. The region of stability of the different phases was determined by microscopic examination of the specimens. The thermodynamic properties of liquid were determined by analyses of quenched samples equilibrated at oxygen pressures from about 10⁻¹¹ to 1 atm. Isothermal phase diagrams were constructed from data for 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 weight percent silica sections of the CaO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂ system, and the effect of temperature and increased silica additions on the oxygen solubility of the liquid oxides was measured. Multicomponent …

The Electrodeposition Of Zinc; Changes In Current Efficiency And Surface Structure Resulting From Various Addition Agents, Haruhisa Fukubayashi

Masters Theses

"An examination of the surface structure of zinc electrodeposited from an acid-sulfate solution was made by scanning electron microscopy techniques. The current efficiencies were also determined, to a lesser extent, in order to correlate the results with the surface structures. Commercial and pure zinc oxide were used to prepare the neutral zinc sulfate solutions. The starting solutions were in a range of acid and zinc concentrations commonly used in commercial practice. Changes in morphology resulting from addition agents such as animal glue, gum arabic, and sodium silicate are compared"--Abstract, page ii.

Effect Of Hydrostatic Pressure On Anelastic Stress Relaxation In A Mixed-Alkali Silicate Glass, Young-Gil (Gilbert Y.) Kim

Masters Theses

"The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the anelastic stress relaxation of a mixed-alkali silicate glass (0.05 Na₂O, 0.95 K₂O, 3 SiO₂) was studied at 75°C between ambient pressure and 6 kbar. The activation volume of diffusion was found to be - 4.2 cm³/mole. It is proposed that a reequilibration of the defect population at pressure gives rise to the negative activation volume of diffusion"--Abstract, page ii.

Anodic Oxidation Of Pure And D.S. (Dispersion Hardened) Lead In Sulfuric Acid Solutions, Rafael San Martin Aldazabal

Masters Theses

"The anodic oxidation of pure and dispersion hardened lead in 1 N H₂SO₄ was studied potentiostatically in the range - 0.28 to 2.0 volts (SHE). The anode surfaces were observed at various stages on a scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the phases present. It was established that by oxidation up to 0.25 v only PbSO₄ is obtained. At potentials between 0.25 and 1.57 v, PbO (tetragonal) is formed beneath the lead sulfate layer. At potentials above 1.57 up to 2.0 v, a layer of ßPbO₂ forms in the outermost part of the anode underlying …

The Effect Of Thermal-Mechanical Processing Of The Exfoliation Corrosion Resistance Of An Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium-Copper Alloy, James Lawrence Spehr

Masters Theses

"The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of thermal-mechanical processing on the exfoliation corrosion resistance of an aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy. the aluminum alloy used was commercially available 7178 alloy in two thicknesses, 0.390 inch thick and 0.250 inch thick. this material was reduced 10, 25 and 40% in thickness in both the annealed and solution heat treated conditions. The material was then aged to a high strength condition, T6, or T8, in the case of the material reduced in the solution heat treated condition. The effect of the thermal-mechanical processing on the exfoliation corrosion resistance was then evaluated …

Establishment Of A Torsion Pendulum And Its Evaluation, Ashwin Kantilal Ghatalia

Masters Theses

"A torsion pendulum apparatus has been constructed. The pendulum has been evaluated by studying the Zener relaxation in α brass. Three wire specimens of commercial alloy of Cu-Zn were used and the value of log decrement has been obtained by the method of free decay of the oscillations. The known Zener peak was observed"--Abstract, page ii.

Thermal Fatigue Testing Of Die Casting Die Steels, Kulwant Singh Sabharwal

Masters Theses

"Thermal fatigue is a form of surface failure produced by repeated thermal stresses and is the main cause of die retirement in the die casting industry. A general review of the fundamental and practical aspects of thermal fatigue as encountered in the dies, based on earlier published work, is given and preliminary experiments in an effort to set up a suitable method of testing to study this phenomenon are then described. In the present technique developed to create the thermal conditions experienced by a die steel in aluminum die casting, a small portion of one face of a cylindrical test-piece …

A Continuous Method For Determination Of The Evaporation Rate Of Zinc, Paul Alan O'Neill

Masters Theses

"A method for determination of the evaporation rate of zinc using a continuous recording balance has been devised. Tests were carried out under an inert gas over the range 600°C to 750°C with a total pressure of 1 atmosphere. It was found that the rate of evaporation doubled with an increase of 50°C in this range. Scanning electron microscope photographs show the crystalline nature of the condensate and the presence of a thin oxide layer on some solidified test samples. This oxide layer reduced the rate of evaporation by retarding the zinc vapor escape from the evaporating surface"--Abstract, Page iii.

Additional Magnetic Disaccommodations In Ternary Iron Base Alloys, R. H. Graham, Manfred Wuttig

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

On The Influence Of Surface Roughness On The Determination Of Diffusion Constants, Manfred Wuttig

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

X-Ray Determination Of Lattice Parameters And Thermal Expansion Coefficients Of Aluminum, Silver And Molybdenum At Cryogenic Temperatures, Claude Lowell Woodard

Doctoral Dissertations

"A multiple exposure back reflection diffraction camera was designed to mount on the vacuum jacket of a pressurized helium gas "Cryomite". With this design it is possible to obtain six diffraction exposures on a single film at any temperature in the range of 180 to 25°K. temperatures within this range are reached in short intervals and exposure periods are less than 30 minutes in a 2.875 inch (73.03 mm) diameter camera. Some of the advantages of this design are; direct measurements, multiple exposures on a single film, short exposures, direct compensation of film length changes due to evacuation or processing …

Isotope Effect Of Interstitial Diffusion Of Carbon In A Dilute Fe-Si Alloy, Edward T. Yen

Masters Theses

"The isotope effect of carbon interstitial diffusion in a Fe-2.75at%Si alloy has been measured at -3.10°C using the disaccommodation technique. The disaccommodation has been analyzed in terms of two relaxation processes which are discussed on the basis of the reorientation mechanism of carbon interstitials at Fe-Fe sites and Fe-Si sites respectively. The ratios of the relaxation times [tau]₁₃/[tau]₁₂ are 1.0382 for the former and 1.0072 for the latter relaxation process. This result is discussed on the basis of many-body reaction rate theory"--Abstract, page ii.

Zener Disaccommodation In Dilute F.C.C. Co-Ti Alloys, H. B. Aaron, M. (Manfred) Wuttig, H. K. Birnbaum

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The magnetic Dis accommodation, i.e., the time dependence of the low field magnetic permeability, was investigated in cobalt base alloys containing 0-5.1 at.% (0-4.2 wt.%) titanium in the temperature range 400-700°C. A strong temperature dependence of the Dis accommodation observed in the range 430-530°C could be accounted for predominantly by a single first order relaxation process. Analyzing the data in terms of (a) a single exponential relaxation, (b) a lognormal distribution of relaxation times, and (c) a sum of exponential relaxations, it was shown that the relaxation strength varies as the square of the titanium concentration and that the relaxation …

Influence Of Continuous Precipitation Upon The Growth Kinetics Of The Cellular Reaction In An Al-Ag Alloy, H. I. Aaronson, J. B. Clark

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The influence of the prior formation of a continuous precipitate upon the growth kinetics of the cellular reaction has been evaluated in an Al-17.9 wt. % Ag alloy. The continuous precipitate, in the form of intragranular plates of the γ′ transition phase, was shown to have reduced the upper bound of the driving force for the cellular reaction from the silver content of the untransformed alloy to that corresponding to the coherent solvus. When this reduction (≥ 98 %) is taken into account, the growth of cells is found to be controlled by cell boundary rather than by volume diffusion …

Age Hardening In A Mg-9 Wt.% Al Alloy, J. Beverley Clark

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The precipitation process and age hardening mechanism in a Mg-9 wt.% Al alloy were studied principally by transmission electron microscopy. This alloy age hardens by the general precipitation of plates of the equilibrium Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase on the basal plane of the magnesium solid solution matrix. No evidence for the formation of either G.P. zones or a transition lattice of the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitate was obtained. Cellular precipitation occurs competitively with the general precipitation at nearly all age hardening temperatures. In the solution treated condition, basal slip and {101̄2} twins are the principal deformation modes. Precipitation …

Surface Self-Diffusion On Nickel (111) By Radioactive Tracers, James Ronald Wolfe

Doctoral Dissertations

"Surface self-diffusion coefficients have been measured by a radioactive tracer method over the temperature range 614⁰ to 840⁰C on nickel (111) surfaces characterized by LEED. Previously unrecognized tracer evaporation during surface diffusion resulted in restricted spreading of the tracer at higher temperatures. A theoretical treatment of the tracer evaporation phenomenon is presented and subsequently used in the analysis of the data. The temperature dependence of the surface self-diffusion coefficient (D_s) for nickel (111) can be represented, over the experimental temperature range, by a single Arrhenius type relationship...Arguments are presented to justify an adatom surface diffusion mechanism which is …

Pressure Welding Of Continuously Cast Nodular Iron, Gerald W. Wille

Masters Theses

"The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using pressure welding as a joining technique for swaged nodular iron.

Test pressure welds were produced with swaged continuous cast nodular iron at temperatures between 1750⁰F and 2050⁰F with welding pressures between 15,900 psi and 51,400 psi using an induction coil to heat the weld zone.

Pressure welds of greater strength than the as-received nodular iron were produced by swaging the material before welding. The optimum welding parameters were a temperature of 2050⁰F with a welding pressure of 46,700 psi.

On the basis of these tests it is concluded …

The Inert Gas Effect On The Rate Of Evaporation Of Zinc And Cadmium, Chu Sheng Wu

Masters Theses

"An experimental study has been made to investigate the effect of argon and helium on the rate of evaporation of zinc and cadmium under one atmosphere pressure at temperatures ranging from 500⁰C to 850⁰C. The experimental results were compared with the maximum rates calculated using the effusion formula as well as with values obtained using three different types of equations based on kinetic theory, diffusion theory, and empirical data. The rate of evaporation in this study appeared to be diffusion controlled. Equations have been derived for expressing the rate of evaporation of zinc and cadmium in both argon and helium …

The Effect Of Prior Cold Work On The Pressure Welding Of Ferritic Nodular Iron, Ronald Morris Ledbetter

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of prior cold work by swaging on the pressure welding of ferritic nodular iron. Test pressure welds were produced from continuously cast ferritic nodular iron in the as cast condition and with prior cold work of 20, 30, 40, and 50 per cent reductions in area. Welding pressures of 23,500 psi, 35,300 psi, and 47,100 psi were employed. All welds were made at interface temperatures of 2000°F. Welds made with the as cast material at high welding pressures possessed relatively low tensile strengths due to the creation of planes of …

Lattice Parameters, Coefficients Of Thermal Expansion, Densities, And Lattice Perfection Of The Copper-Indium Primary Solid Solutions, Lin Sheng Yu

Masters Theses

"Precise measurements of lattice parameters and densities of the alpha-phase Cu-In solid solutions were made at temperatures of 25°C. The thermal expansion coefficients between 15 and 65°C, the solid solubility of In in Cu at 650°C, and the soundness of crystal structure resulting from alloying were determined. The Cu-In alloys were prepared from high purity (99.999%) Cu and In by melting both metals inside evacuated quartz tubes. The solidified alloys were annealed and then examined by X-ray for homogeneity...The slowly solidified alpha-phase alloys gave densities lower than the theoretical (X-ray) values due to the presence of shrinkage microporosity. This density …

A Mechanical Metallurgical Method Of Predicting The Springback Tendencies Of A Bent Metal Strip, Jerrold Myles Alyea

Masters Theses

"Attempted substitution of new solid materials and composite metal strips for those materials presently being used in many applications now being pursued vigorously in industry. A serious problem was created because the newly proposed materials do not exhibit the same springback after bending as did the previously used materials in a particular bend angle and radius situation. Elementary bend theory and mechanical metallurgical techniques have been incorporated into a method which can be used to accurately predict the .2% offset yield strength of any proposed rolled-temper solid metal strip and some composite strips when they must exhibit the same springback …

Corrosion Rates And Electrokinetics Of Cobalt And Cobalt-Rich Cobalt-Iron Alloys In Sulfuric And Hydrochloric Acids, Cheng Tzong Horng

Masters Theses

"Corrosion rates for Co and Co-rich Co-Fe alloys were determined in sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under both deaerated and oxygenated conditions. For the purpose of comparison, corrosion rates of Co cut from metal sheet were also determined in the same environments as those of sintered alloys. Sintered alloys were inferior to solid Co as corrosion resistant materials. It was found that the surface was more corrosion resistant than the interior. Thus after long exposure to the corrosive acid, the samples became porous inside while the surfaces remained substantially intact. Oxygen had a pronounced effect in accelerating the corrosion of Co …

Influence Of Nobler Metal Salt Additions Upon The Dissolution Rate Of Aluminum In Hydrofluoric Acid, Barry L. Basden

Masters Theses

"The rate of dissolution of aluminum in 2N HF upon the addition of nobler metallic salts was studied. Aluminum corrodes in HF due to the acid's ability to dissolve the protective oxide present on the surface. Rates were measured by the hydrogen evolution method. Salt additions of AgN0₃, CuSO₄, HAuC₄, and PtCl₄ to aluminum dissolving in 2N HF resulted in the electroless deposition of more or less coherent metals (from the salts mentioned) on the aluminum surface. The dissolution rate initially decreased in all of the cases and was attributed to the "blanketing effect" of the deposits. Ensuing increases of …

A Metallographic Study Of Solidification And Segregation In Cast Aluminum-Uranium Alloys, Bruce L. Bramfitt, Hollis P. Leighly

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The micromorphology and type of segregation in vacuum-cast ingots of aluminum-uranium alloys, ranging from 5 to 30 weight percent, were studied. The microstructural characteristics are similar to those of aluminum-silicon alloys of the same composition range, except that the aluminum-uranium eutectic was identified as having "chevron" and "rhombic spiral" types of morphology. © 1968.

Interstitial Solute Trapping In Irradiated And Quenched Iron, M. (Manfred) Wuttig, J. T. Stanley, H. K. Birnbaum

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The interaction of interstitial carbon and nitrogen solutes with defects produced by low temperature neutron irradiation and by quenching was studied in high purity and Ferrovac E iron. Magnetic Dis accommodation techniques were applied to determine the interstitial solute content after irradiation and upon annealing. Doses of about 1017 neutrons/cm2 caused the trapping of about 20 ppm (atomic) interstitial solutes at 65 (carbon) and 40°C (nitrogen). Trapping of carbon in a Ferrovac E iron alloy occurred during a fast quench from 880°C. After trapping, the interstitial solutes reappeared in solid solution at 300 (carbon, neutron irradiation), 200 (nitrogen, neutron irradiation), …

Current Density-Anodic Potential Curves Of Single Crystal Gaas At Low Currents In Koh, Martin E. Straumanis, J. P. Krumme, William Joseph James

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Single p-type, GaAs crystals of high purity, Zn doped, were used to determine whether or not the inverse octahedral {111} faces show potential differences and various rates of anodic dissolution. The Ga{111}, As{111}, {110}, and {100} faces, were polished, etched, and etch-polished with concentrated H₂SO₄ + H₂O₂, and immersed in IN KOH. The Ga{111} faces were found to be the most noble with respect to rest and anodic dissolution potentials. The potential difference between the inverse {111} faces was as large as 0.14v for the rest and 0.123v for the dissolution potentials. The …

Effect Of Micelles On Flotation Of Metal Ions, Uriel Michael Oko

Doctoral Dissertations

"A study of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the dependency of the adsorption of divalent metal counterions such as copper and zinc at the air-water interface on its concentration in the solution, was undertaken in order to better understand the process of ion flotation. The study is divided into two broad categories, the first of which consists of the evaluation of the extent of aggregation of the surfactant molecules into micelles, and the effect of the divalent metal counterion concentration on this aggregation and on the critical concentration at which micelles start forming (cmc). This was accomplished …