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Full-Text Articles in Metallurgy

Understanding Roof Systems Of Metal Buildings, Michael W. Seek, Vincent E. Sagan Jan 2025

Understanding Roof Systems Of Metal Buildings, Michael W. Seek, Vincent E. Sagan

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

[Introduction] A metal building is a system with complex behavior that, when properly accounted for, provides an efficient structural solution. To help the engineer properly design for this behavior, the Metal Building Manufacturers (MBMA) has recently released the Roof Framing Design Guide for Metal Building Systems, 2nd Edition (Roof Framing Design Guide).


Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Stay-In-Place Forms To Improve The Tosional Stability Of Box Beam Bridges During Erection, Karl E. Barth, Michael W. Seek, Gregory K. Michaelson, Dimitra Pyrialakou, Brook T. Woldegabriel Jan 2025

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Stay-In-Place Forms To Improve The Tosional Stability Of Box Beam Bridges During Erection, Karl E. Barth, Michael W. Seek, Gregory K. Michaelson, Dimitra Pyrialakou, Brook T. Woldegabriel

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Cold-formed tub girders provide an effective steel solution for short-span bridges. The girders are often delivered with an open top with stay-in-place forms installed on site. Walkways may be installed to the side of the girder that can induce significant torsion rotations in the open cross section. Full scale tests on girder specimens have shown that installing one or two panels of stay in place forms at the ends of the girder can significantly reduce the torsion rotation of the girder by providing warping resistance. Cantilever tests on the stay in place forms are performed to investigate the influence of …


Cold-Formed Steel Strength Predictions For Combined Bending And Torsion, Yu Xia, Robert S. Glauz, Benjamin W. Schafer, Michael Seek, Hannah B. Blum Jan 2023

Cold-Formed Steel Strength Predictions For Combined Bending And Torsion, Yu Xia, Robert S. Glauz, Benjamin W. Schafer, Michael Seek, Hannah B. Blum

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Locally slender cross-section members, such as cold-formed steel Cee and Zee sections, are susceptible to significant twisting and high warping torsion stresses. Torsion considerations are complicated by whether it is derived as a first-order effect from loading or a second-order effect from instability. The current design for combined bending and torsion interaction has some limitations, including only considering the first yield in torsion and ignoring the cross-section slenderness in torsion. Previous work has derived a simple uniform equation to predict the bimoment capacity and two bimoment strength curves for local and distortional buckling under torsion only. This work is extended …


An Updated Analytical Method For Predicting The Bracing Behavior Of Z-Purlin Supported Standing Seam Diaphragm Systems, Michael W. Seek Jan 2023

An Updated Analytical Method For Predicting The Bracing Behavior Of Z-Purlin Supported Standing Seam Diaphragm Systems, Michael W. Seek

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Roof systems utilizing Z-purlins as a secondary member supporting a standing seam panel system are used extensively by the metal building industry. The Z-purlins rely on the diaphragm action in the standing seam panel system to provide lateral support and transfer forces to anchorages. The behavior of the standing seam system is highly nonlinear making prediction of the interaction between the Z-purlin and the standing seam system difficult. To better understand the behavior of the interaction between the purlins and the panel system, a series of non-linear shell finite element models were developed based on the test results of simple …


Augmented Reality Integrated Welder Training For Mechanical Engineering Technology, Aditya Akundi, Hamid Eisazadeh, Mona Torabizadeh Jan 2022

Augmented Reality Integrated Welder Training For Mechanical Engineering Technology, Aditya Akundi, Hamid Eisazadeh, Mona Torabizadeh

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The shortage of welders is well documented and projected to become more severe for various industries such as shipbuilding in coming years. It is mainly because welding training is a critical and often costly endeavor. This study examines the training potential using augmented reality technology as a critical part of welder training for mechanical engineering technology students. This study assessed the performance of two groups of MET students trained with two different methods. One group received training with the traditional method in three sessions. The second group acquired training initially with an augmented reality welding system for three sessions. Then, …


Exploring The Effects Of Chip Flexibility On The Behavior Of Standing Seam Diaphragms To Brace Cold Formed Steel Purlins, Michael W. Seek Jan 2022

Exploring The Effects Of Chip Flexibility On The Behavior Of Standing Seam Diaphragms To Brace Cold Formed Steel Purlins, Michael W. Seek

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Cold-formed steel C- and Z-shaped purlins in standing seam roof systems rely on the diaphragm action provided by the panels to restrain lateral movements and thus increase the load carrying capacity the purlins. The clip connection between the purlin and the panel has inherent and sometimes intentional flexibility designed to accommodate thermal deformations. The lateral deformation behavior of standing seam systems supported by Zees is highly nonlinear and this behavior is not well understood. The flexibility has major implications on the transfer of diaphragm forces throughout these systems and simplified models often grossly overpredict the demands on the diaphragm and …


Cold-Formed Steel Strength Predictions For Torsion, Yu Xia, Robert S. Glauz, Benjamin W. Schafer, Michael Seek, Hannah B. Blum Jan 2022

Cold-Formed Steel Strength Predictions For Torsion, Yu Xia, Robert S. Glauz, Benjamin W. Schafer, Michael Seek, Hannah B. Blum

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Locally slender open cross-section members are susceptible to significant twisting and high warping torsion stresses. Torsion considerations are complicated by whether it is derived as a first-order effect from loading or a second-order effect from instability. Previous direct torsion experiments on lipped channels have shown significant inelastic reserve in limited cases. The current design for combined bending and torsion interaction has some limitations, including only considering the first yield in torsion and ignoring the cross-section slenderness in torsion. A parametric study is conducted to predict the torsion capacity in locally slender cross-sections. Shell finite element models of lipped Cee and …


Development Of An Undergraduate Welding Laboratory For Research And Education, Hamid Eisazadeh, Alok K. Verma Jan 2021

Development Of An Undergraduate Welding Laboratory For Research And Education, Hamid Eisazadeh, Alok K. Verma

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The shortage of welders in Hampton Roads area, where many shipyards are located, is becoming severe for shipbuilding in coming years. Many welding engineers graduated from universities located out of state, tend to go back to companies near their home, after receiving couple years of welding experience at Hampton Roads shipyards. Therefore, it is critical to train local welders. In order to address the welding workforce needs of Hampton Roads, the Department of Engineering Technology at Old Dominion University has recently launched an initiative for developing a laboratory for welding processes (LWP) for supporting educational and research activities in its …


Lateral Bracing Of Beams Provided By Standing Seam Roof System: Concepts And Case Study, Gengrui Wei, Benjamin Schafer, Michael Seek, Matthew Eatherton Jan 2020

Lateral Bracing Of Beams Provided By Standing Seam Roof System: Concepts And Case Study, Gengrui Wei, Benjamin Schafer, Michael Seek, Matthew Eatherton

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The standing seam roof (SSR) system is the most commonly used roof system for metal buildings due to its superior durability, water tightness, and energy efficiency. In this type of system, SSR panels attach to Z-shaped or C-shaped purlins with clips, and the purlins are in turn connected to rafters (i.e. roof beams). For the design of metal building rafters against lateral torsional buckling, bottom flange braces provide torsional bracing to the rafter and the SSR system provides some lateral bracing. However, the degree to which the SSR system can restrain the rafter against lateral movement has not previously been …


Direct Strength Approach To Predict The Flexural Strength Of Cold-Formed Z-Section Purlins On Sloped Roofs, Ali Parva, Michael W. Seek Jan 2018

Direct Strength Approach To Predict The Flexural Strength Of Cold-Formed Z-Section Purlins On Sloped Roofs, Ali Parva, Michael W. Seek

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

In this study, the strength of cold-formed Z-section purlins is predicted considering the effects of roof slope in real roof systems. The study applies to simple span purlins with torsion restraints at support locations and at paired locations along the length of the member. A previously developed method has shown through comparisons to base tests that when the biaxial bending and torsion stresses are incorporated into the analysis, the Direct Strength Method can accurately predict the strength of a purlin. These stress distributions can deviate substantially from the constrained bending approximation typically assumed in analysis and therefore impacts the local …


Impact Of Clip Connection And Insulation Thickness On Bracing Of Purlins In Standing Seam Roof Systems, Michael W. Seek, Daniel Mclaughlin Jan 2017

Impact Of Clip Connection And Insulation Thickness On Bracing Of Purlins In Standing Seam Roof Systems, Michael W. Seek, Daniel Mclaughlin

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The flexural strength of purlins in standing seam roof systems is highly dependent upon the extent to which the sheathing provides lateral and torsional restraint. Typical models to predict the restraint provided by the sheathing assume that the plane of lateral resistance occurs at the top flange of the purlin. In reality, depending on the configuration of the clip and the amount of insulation located between the purlin and the clip, the plane of lateral resistance and corresponding center of rotation shifts above the top flange. This distance, referred to as the effective standoff, is important to evaluate the effectiveness …