Business Commons^™

Improving Hiv Outcomes In Pakistan : The Interaction Between Politics, Power And Implementation, Hina Khalid

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

HIV contributes to the highest number of deaths from infectious diseases in low-income countries. In this three-paper dissertation, using the case of Pakistan, I focus on understanding how the exercise of power by actors at three different levels of the health system, individual, program and societal, influences policy implementation and shapes HIV program outcomes. The objective is to improve HIV service provision thereby achieving improved health policy outcomes. I adopt a mixed-methods approach and use quantitative (logit regression) and qualitative techniques (content analysis of newspapers and semi-structured interviews). One paper tests the role played by network operators in influencing condom …

How Do The Trans-Pacific Economies Affect The Usa? An Industrial Sector Approach, Takeshi Yagihashi, David D. Selover

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper studies how the Trans-Pacific region affects the US economy in terms of business cycle transmission. We use a large data set consisting of disaggregated sectoral industrial production indexes from selected countries in the region and employ a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) approach to analyze the transmission of shocks in different industries. We find that a positive output shock in the entire Trans-Pacific region has positive effects on the majority of US manufacturing sectors. We also find that sectoral shocks in five sectors of the Trans-Pacific region have a large impact on the overall US economy. Three of the …

Why Context Matters: Overconfidence, Narcissism, And The Role Of Objective Uncertainty In Entrepreneurship, Orhan V Ozbek, Chad Navis

School of Business: Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Advocating Corporate Policy Change On Women's Health And Family Planning: Lessons From The Environmental Movement, Matthew Mcfall, Carolyn Rodehau, David Wofford

Reproductive Health

This brief presents key lessons from the environmental movement on effective strategies for driving changes in corporate policies and practices and creating new mechanisms for holding businesses accountable for environmental impacts. Corporate policies and voluntary and “soft law” standards may be unfamiliar to many women’s health advocates, but they are likely to have increasing importance in the years to come. The global health community can learn from the experience of environmentalists on how to engage businesses on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) standards and corporate practices around women’s health. The brief offers six recommendations for moving forward.

Brochure: Florida Blue Foundation 2017 Community Health Symposium And Sapphire Awards, Florida Blue Foundation

Florida Blue Archives Printed Materials

No abstract provided.

Cfo And Chro Succession: Comparing And Contrasting The Roles, Patrick M. Wright, Anthony J. Nyberg, Donald J. Schepker, Ormonde Cragun, Christina Hymer

Reports

The 2017 HR@Moore Survey of Chief HR Officers, conducted by the Center for Executive Succession, focused, in part, on the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) role and succession practices. Using data from this, and past surveys, we were able to compare and contrast the CFO and Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO) roles. First, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) view the CFO as the primary steward of the financial resources of the firm, expecting them to deliver in terms of capital allocation, financial objectives, and earnings per share/operating profits. On the other hand, CEOs view the CHRO as the steward of the human …

Inside The C-Suite: The Ceo, The Board, And The Elt, Patrick M. Wright, Anthony J. Nyberg, Donald J. Schepker, Ormonde Cragun, Christina Hymer

Reports

The 2017 HR@Moore Survey of Chief HR Officers asked respondents to provide information on the relationships among those in the C-suite and the board. The results revealed that half of the respondents reported that their CEO also served as the Chairman of the Board (indicating there is a separate Lead Director), while the other half had an Non-Executive Independent Chairman of the Board (Non-executive Chair). Non-executive Chairs tended to exert greater monitoring of the CEO and provide more advice relative to Lead Directors. There did not seem to be any differences in the effectiveness of the relationship or the level …

Pay For Performance And Human Capital Deployment, Center For Executive Succession

Research Briefs

• Individual pay for performance can incentivize the most experienced managers to take on more projects than they should. • Misallocation of human capital results in less opportunity for some managers, and prevents firms from assigning the most capable and available managers to projects. • A more optimal workload is achieved when top managers’ pay is based on the firm’s financial outcomes.

Ceos’ Childhood Experience And Its Effects On Risk-Taking, Center For Executive Succession

Research Briefs

• The social class upbringing of CEOs has a lingering effect on their strategic decision-making as CEO. • CEOs from middle class upbringings engage in less strategic risk-taking, such as R&D spending, than those from upper or lower classes. • CEOs from lower class backgrounds are more risk averse if they were educated at an elite university.

Ceo Selection: A Capital Perspective, Center For Executive Succession

Research Briefs

• Chairpersons focus on human capital, psychological capital, and social capital as the critical skills when selecting a CEO. • Chairpersons identify leadership as the most important skill. The individualistic, go it alone “heroic” style that was once thought to represent leadership quality has been replaced by the ability to develop a team and delegate. • A key differentiator among candidates is the candidate’s ability to convey to the board, the senior leadership team, and the employees a credible strategic vision for the firm.

Cultural Impact Of International Financial Reporting Standards On The Comparability Of Financial Statements, Cassandra L. Ward, S. Keith Lowe

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Due to globalization and expanding international business, it has become necessary for companies in various countries to communicate through a universal language of accounting. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) were developed and issued to serve as a uniform set of accounting standards. A proposed advantage of global implementation is the improved comparability of financial statements. However, due to variations among cultures, it is unrealistic for a single set of standards to be accepted and implemented in a wholly uniform manner to produce innately comparable financial statements. Because of cultural differences, there are varying degrees of IFRS acceptance: some countries adopt …

Are Capital Market Parameters Estimated From Yahoo Finance And Nasdaq Data The Same?, Ronnie Clayton, Bill Schmidt

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Empirical studies need good data sources; yet such data sources are expensive; either in the time that is dedicated to gathering information or in the actual funds expended to obtain user friendly databases such as those provided by Wharton Research (wrds.) at the University of Pennsylvania. Many authors must expend the time to obtain data because funding is not available to obtain more expensive databases. The question then becomes "Which publicly available data source should one use or are the data obtained from different publicly available sources the same?" This study compares parameters estimated from daily returns for a sample …

Intertemporal Elasticity Of Substitution With Leisure Margin, Juan Du, Takeshi Yagihashi

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper investigates whether leisure time definitions matter in the estimation of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of consumption (IES) by using a utility specification that allows interaction between consumption and leisure time. We find that the IES estimated using a narrowly defined leisure measure that excludes quasi-leisure activities is larger than that estimated using nonmarket time. The discrepancy is largely driven by the substitution of consumption and several leisure components over the lifecycle. This finding is robust in alternative specifications and holds well for subsamples of higher socioeconomic status. Our results demonstrate the inseperable nature of consumption and time …

Annual Report Readability: The Case Of The Fortune 500, Cecilia W. Ricci

Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study adds to the literature on the readability of annual reports submitted to the SEC by assessing current readability, and contemporizing similar studies conducted between 1950 and 1991. The results show that the sample’s 10-Ks are “Very Difficult” to read, and have scores lower than previous research. The study also examines the sample by economic sector, and finds that readability levels are similar among sectors with one exception. These outcomes raise several issues, including the usefulness of the information transfer of 10-Ks, and whether the goals of the SEC are met if 10-Ks are virtually unreadable

Market Adaptation To Regulation Fair Disclosure: The Use Of Industry Information To Enhance The Informational Environment, Susana Yu, Gwendolyn Webb

Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Our fundamental research interest is in exploring the ways in which the financial markets have adapted to Reg FD, and our particular focus is on how market participants use industry information embedded in firms’ earnings announcements. We find that announcements of quarterly earnings made by companies that are the first in their industry to report in a given quarter have significant effects on the stock returns of other firms in the same industry as well as on their own stock returns. We then test the implications of these findings for their effects on the information environment. Overall, our empirical findings …

Athletes Quality Of Life After Retirement, Kevin Estrada

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

Professional athletes have had a long life of being able to compete in the sport they love. Once retried, most athletes quality of life worsens. Injuries and the dramatic change from competing sets up a former athlete for adversity. Most people believe that athletes are privileged individuals that earn too much money for the work they do. However, consequences such as bankruptcy, depression, and even suicide points otherwise.

●The findings show that although athletes might have a gifted early life the quick change in lifestyle sets them up for failure. Also I agree that former athletes have a worse quality …

Gender Pay Gap In Athletics, George Siliman

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

The pay gap is a measure of what women are paid relative to men. It is important to to minimize the gender pay gap in athletics so it can successfully help society move in forward progression and not hinder on the past. The effects on women in professional sport setting, and the overall difference between males and females in athletics all play a significant role on the fluctuated pay gap.

Women play a prominent role in athletics but the lack of compensation devalues them as competitors and athletes. In sum, I learned about the fluctuation of the pay gap between …

ความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคมในระบบการค้าข้าวภายใต้บริบทนโยบายที่เปลี่ยนแปลง : ศึกษากรณีระบบค้าข้าว อ.สว่างแดนดิน จ.สกลนคร, ปริญญ์ วินิจมงคลสิน

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วิทยานิพนธ์นี้มีคำถามวิจัยที่สำคัญคือ ภายใต้นโยบายการอุดหนุนชาวนาที่แตกต่างกัน ระบบค้าข้าวและความสัมพันธ์ภายในระบบค้าข้าวในอำเภอสว่างแดนดิน จังหวัดสกลนครมีความเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างไร และในการวิจัยมีวัตถุประสงค์ 3 ประการ คือ เพื่อศึกษาพัฒนาการของลักษณะความสัมพันธ์ในระบบการค้าข้าวในอำเภอสว่างแดนดิน จังหวัดสกลนคร และการปรับตัวของระบบค้าข้าวในบริบทความเปลี่ยนแปลงเชิงนโยบาย ที่เกิดขึ้นในระหว่างปี 2548-2558 (ประกันราคาข้าว-จำนำข้าว-นโยบายปัจจุบัน) รวมถึงศึกษาเครือข่ายทางสังคม และบทบาทของทุนทางสังคมในการอาศัยเป็นทุนสำหรับการปรับตัว ใช้ระเบียบวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพด้วยการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกตัวแสดงที่สำคัญในระบบการค้าข้าว ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ลักษณะความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคมในระบบการค้าข้าวในอดีต มีรูปแบบที่พ่อค้าคนกลางมีบทบาทสำคัญอย่างมากทั้งการอุปถัมภ์ในเรื่องของต้นทุนการทำนากับชาวนา รวมถึงชาวนาจะต้องพึ่งการขายข้าวเปลือกผ่านพ่อค้าคนกลางก่อนที่ข้าวเปลือกจะไปถึงโรงสี และความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคมดังกล่าวเปลี่ยนไปจากเดิม โดยมีปัจจัยจากการที่ทั้งรัฐบาลเข้ามาให้ชาวนากู้เงินผ่านธนาคารเพื่อการเกษตรและสหกรณ์การเกษตร (ธ.ก.ส.) ผลักดันให้ชนบทมีกองทุนหมู่บ้าน รวมถึงปัจจัยแวดล้อมทั่วไป ทั้งการเข้ามาของความเจริญ การคมนาคมและการสื่อสารสะดวกขึ้น นโยบายจำนำข้าวส่งผลให้ข้าวราคาสูงและชาวนาเป็นอิสระจากความสัมพันธ์แบบอุปถัมภ์และมีอำนาจต่อรองกับพ่อค้าคนกลางและโรงสีมากขึ้น อย่างไรก็ดี ภาวะที่ราคาข้าวตกต่ำหลังนโยบายจำนำข้าว พบว่า ชาวนา พ่อค้าคนกลาง โรงสี ได้มีการนำทุนทางสังคมในรูปแบบของความไว้วางใจและเครือข่าย เพื่อมาใช้เป็นทุนสำหรับการปรับตัว ทุนทางสังคมดังกล่าวจึงมีบทบาทสำคัญอย่างมาก ที่เป็นปัจจัยที่ทำให้ชาวนาและพ่อค้าคนกลางบางกลุ่ม สามารถลดผลกระทบ หรือสร้างช่องทางในการปรับตัวตัวที่หลากหลายขึ้นได้มากกว่าชาวนาและพ่อค้าคนกลางที่ใช้แต่ความสัมพันธ์ในกลไกตลาดเท่านั้น คำสำคัญ : ความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม ทุนทางสังคม ระบบการค้าข้าว

How China Is Preparing For An Ai-Powered Future, Yujia He

Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce Faculty Publications

U.S. leadership in artificial intelligence (AI) research and development (R&D) may be challenged by China’s recent and centralized policy planning aimed at rapidly developing AI-related technologies. The Chinese government supports AI as a strategic area supported by high-level policies with ambitious and quantifiable targets, inter-ministry coordination, government funding for research and development, support for workforce development, and suggestions for international collaboration and expansion. Still, as a relative latecomer in the global AI race, China faces numerous challenges to implement its policy planning, including short-term skills gap and long-term institutional constraints.

Cle Promising Practices: Using Staff Networks To Build Community Membership, Oliver Lyons, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

LOQW (Learning Opportunities/Quality Works) is a community skills training, service coordination, and employment services provider in northeast Missouri. LOQW operates several satellite offices in addition to its main office in Monroe City, MO. One of these satellite offices is located in Hannibal, MO, a city with a population of less than 18,000. But being located in a small city does have its advantages. One advantage is that a majority of the Hannibal staff has lived there for their entire lives, and they have countless connections in the area. Staff often use their own networks to bring people they support into …

Data Note: Time From Vr Application To Closure In Employment For Adults With Intellectual Disabilities, Alberto Migliore, Uchenna Nwangwu, John Butterworth, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

Data Note Series, Institute for Community Inclusion

Getting a job as soon as possible after applying for vocational rehabilitation (VR) services is important for job seekers with intellectual disabilities. This DataNote describes how long it takes for job seekers with intellectual disabilities to go through the steps from application for VR services to determination of eligibility, completion of an individual employment plan, and closure into integrated employment.

What Is The Relationship Between Gender And Employment Status For Individuals With Idd? Findings From The National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 9), Kelly Nye-Lengerman, Caro Narby, Sandra Pettingell, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Gender-based discrimination is a persistent problem in the workforce. Like their peers without disabilities, women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often have less opportunity to achieve employment outcomes as compared to their male counterparts.

Analysis of data from the 2012–2013 National Core Indicators (NCI) Adult Consumer Survey shows a disparity in access to community jobs between men and women. These data show that women are significantly less likely than men to have a paid job in the community. Among the sample of respondents who worked in a community setting, only about one third were women.

Cle Promising Practices: Flexible Scheduling And Creative Staffing, Heike Boeltzig-Brown, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Headquartered in a small rural town in northern Maine, Katahdin Friends, Inc. (KFI) provides community employment and life engagement supports, as well as home supports, to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). A flexible approach to staffing and support scheduling helps KFI ensure customized daily support schedules that meet individual goals. This approach also allows individuals to interact with a variety of direct support professionals, which is important for having a more engaged and meaningful life in the community.

Cle Promising Practices: Using Mobile Communication Technology, Oliver Lyons, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

SEEC (Seeking Equality, Empowerment, and Community) is a Maryland-based provider of employment, community living, and community development supports to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Because SEEC has no central facility, having ways to maintain contact between staff and management is paramount. From prepaid cell phones in 2005 to outfitting every staff member with a tablet or a laptop today, SEEC has embraced mobile communication since it started its conversion. By pursuing non- disability-specific grants and reallocating resources, SEEC is able to maintain a mobile organization.

Cle Promising Practices: A Staffing Approach Based On Client Relationships, Heike Boeltzig-Brown, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Avenues Supported Living Services of Valencia, California was founded in 1997 by a husband- and-wife team, Scott and Lori Shepard. The agency provides supported living and community life engagement (CLE) services to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Key to Avenues’ success is a staffing approach that is grounded in client relationships.

Cle Promising Practices: Braiding Community Employment And Life Engagement Services, Heike Boeltzig-Brown, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

WorkLink is a program that braids community employment and life engagement services. The goal is to enable individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to work while receiving wrap-around day supports, as needed. Started in 1996, WorkLink is a program of TransCen, Inc. and is based in San Francisco.

WorkLink clients do not have to give up day supports when deciding to pursue work. In addition to helping individuals establish and maintain meaningful community relationships, day supports are used to discover and explore vocational goals and job options. This information then helps guide individuals’ employment planning process.

From Sheltered Work To Competitive Integrated Employment: Lessons From The Field (Bringing Employment First To Scale, Issue No. 11), Amie Lulinski, Jaimie Ciulla Timmons, Stephane Leblois, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

Community providers across the nation are embracing the transformation from facility-based employment supports to competitive integrated employment. While many providers believe in inclusion and Employment First for the individuals they support, some struggle to make their vision a reality. The process of organizational transformation can seem daunting without an understanding of the full range of tactics and approaches available.

The Institute for Community Inclusion (ICI), in conjunction with The Arc of the United States, is conducting research to better understand the transformation process and to guide the development of tools and resources for providers seeking to transform their services. As …

Listen Up! Listening Session For The Rrtc On Advancing Employment, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

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Slides from a conference listening session about the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (RRTC) on Advancing Employment for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Rrtc On Advancing Employment: Bringing Employment First To Scale, Thinkwork! At The Institute For Community Inclusion At Umass Boston

All Institute for Community Inclusion Publications

The RRTC on Advancing Employment for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, housed at the Institute for Community Inclusion at UMass Boston, is convening a State of the Science process in 2017. Towards that end, we are hosting a variety of listening sessions with multiple audiences to reflect the level of stakeholder engagement that has been a hallmark of the RRTC since our launch. In this listening session, we will focus on a “knowledge to action” agenda that grounds our research in issues important to the lives of individuals with disabilities and the systems and people that provide support. This …

Are You Ready? A Proposed Framework For The Assessment Of Digital Forensic Readiness, Andres Felipe Diaz Lopez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation develops a framework to assess Digital Forensic Readiness (DFR) in organizations. DFR is the state of preparedness to obtain, understand, and present digital evidence when needed. This research collects indicators of digital forensic readiness from a systematic literature review. More than one thousand indicators were found and semantically analyzed to identify the dimensions to where they belong. These dimensions were subjected to a q-sort test and validated using association rules, producing a preliminary framework of DFR for practitioners. By classifying these indicators into dimensions, it was possible to distill them into 71 variables further classified into either extant …