Business Commons^™

The Sport Marketing Portfolio Matrix: How Brand Relevance Aligns With Fan Behavior, Kirk D. Aiken, Richard M. Campbell, Ajay Sukhdial

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Many fan behavior studies leave applications for strategic sport marketing as afterthoughts. Likewise, studies of sport marketing practices often ignore the complexities of fan psychology. The purpose of this work is to propose a new model that accurately categorizes sport products, better recognizes fan behaviors, and provides sound guidance to sport marketers. The work applies the well-established theory of portfolio management (wherein, investors strive to receive higher returns with lower risks by managing an assortment of investments). Herein, sport fans are viewed as investors that “buy,” “hold,” and “sell” athletes and teams. From sport to sport and season to season, …

The Lonely Reason Impeding Compliance With Covid-19 Prevention Guidelines, Ainslie E. Schultz, Kevin P. Newman

AMTP Proceedings 2022

To reduce transmission of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19), the US Center for Disease Control recommends that all individuals follow a series of prevention guidelines (e.g., wearing a mask, physical distancing, and vigilant handwashing). However, some individuals have been unwilling to comply with them. In this research, we use reciprocal altruism theory to investigate the role of loneliness in compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Specifically, we find that lonely (vs. non-lonely) consumers report less willingness to comply with these guidelines. Process evidence demonstrates that this occurs because lonely individuals experience a lower sense of obligation to reciprocate. Importantly, the negative impact …

Transaction-Based Cause-Related Marketing: The Role Of Consumer Trust And Self-Congruity On Purchase Intention, Dawn D. Hart, Doug Johansen

AMTP Proceedings 2022

The link between corporations, their socially responsible activities, and business performance has become irrefutable (Marconi, 2002). Companies grapple with how to successfully implement their socially responsible marketing activities (Marconi, 2002). Corporate social responsibility has various initiatives including corporate philanthropy, corporate statesmanship, through-the-firm giving, and profit motivated giving (Varadarajan & Menon, 1988). Cause-related marketing includes a profit motive (Varadarajan & Menon, 1988). Several studies find cause-related marketing efforts have the potential to affect consumers’ purchase intentions (Webb & Mohr, 1998).

When The Going Gets Tough: Motivations Of Customer Helpers’ Further Green Helping Behavior Intentions, Estelle Van Tonder, Boitshepo Cl Mkhondo, Christo Bisschoff, Sam Fullerton

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Environmental conservation is a global concern. Consumers may contribute by persuading their reluctant peers to support green purchasing, but these influencers need to persevere when their advice is not followed. This study provides more insight into the cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors influencing further green helping behavior intentions. Survey data were collected from 452 green product supporters who previously advised someone about green purchasing behavior. Six hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping. Affective commitment toward fellow customers and green helping behavior in general influences further green helping behavior intentions. Subjective norm and perceived behavioral control only have …

Anti-Consumption: A Preliminary Examination Of A Set Of Social Considerations That Impact A Consumer’S Decision To ‘Punish’ Marketers Deemed To Be Engaging In Irresponsible Behavior, Tammy Mccullough, Ania Izabela Rynarzewska, Sam Fullerton

AMTP Proceedings 2022

A sample of 175 students from two universities provided insight regarding the rationale for engaging in anti-consumption behavior. A review of the literature identified myriad reasons why consumers engage in personal boycotts. This study examines 12 of these reasons: environmental concerns, political stance, religious orientation/affiliation, country-of-origin (COO), attitudes towards the LGBTQ community, the size of the marketer, the use of disliked celebrity endorsers, the use of offensive marketing tactics (e.g. advertising), animal cruelty including the use of live animal testing, perceived violations of basic human rights, employing a nonunionized workforce, and employment-related discrimination based on the gender, age, race, religion, …

Gamification Usage And Platform Loyalty In Esports Livestreams: An Analysis Of Unobserved Heterogeneity With Fimix-Pls And Ipma, Yizhou Qian, Jeam Martinez, Robbie Matz

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Although gamification as a marketing strategy has been implemented by various domains, there is still a dearth of research on the use of gamification in social livestreams. In this study, we examined the relationships between technology acceptance model (TAM) variables, gamification usage, and loyalty toward a social livestreaming platform, where gamification was adopted to enhance the viewing of an esports event. Data from 396 viewers were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), finite mixture partial least squares (FIMIX-PLS), and importance performance map analysis (IPMA). To this end, our study underpinned the application and extension of TAM in …

Awareness Marketing: Cause Marketing Without Contribution, Elizabeth A. Minton, Frank Cabano

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Much research has examined the benefit of brands that participate in cause marketing initiatives and give a portion of proceeds or product to a charity. However, what has been lacking from this investigation is how consumers respond when brands raise awareness for a cause but do not take any further action to contribute resources to the cause – what we term awareness marketing. Through five studies, we examine awareness marketing specifically among the potentially divisive context of social justice causes. We show that consumers with higher levels of religiosity are more likely to support products marketed with awareness marketing, that …

Mothers With Empty Arms: Marketing, Stigma, And Bereaved Mothers, Elizabeth A. Minton, Carissa Anthony, Cindy Xin Wang, Alexa Fox

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Despite over one-quarter of females suffering baby loss, there is virtually no research in marketing examining the devastating impacts of such loss from a consumer standpoint. There are incredible stigmas that overshadow these vulnerable consumers and understanding how marketing helps and hurts consumers post-loss in the marketplace is of critical importance. Through 30 in-depth interviews with bereaved mothers in the U.S. (specifically mothers who lost a baby during pregnancy or within one year after birth), this research builds off stigma theory to shed light on the consumer journey post-loss in an effort to bring these consumers what they desire – …

Exploring The Impact Of Brands Roasting On Social Media, Sphurti Sewak, William F. Humphrey Jr., Jayati Sinha

AMTP Proceedings 2022

Brands regularly post content on social media and look for consumer engagement through these posts. However, this research uncovers a novel domain that shows increased consumer engagement but decreased persuasion: when brands resort to roasting on Twitter. We find that the perceived inappropriateness of the roasting posts lead to lower brand preference when brands choose to roast on social media and tease apart the difference between B2B and B2C roasting. This research establishes that not everything that goes viral leads to a favorable offline behavior. Social media managers of brands can use the findings of this research by understanding why …

An Examination Of Portrayal Of Disability In Brand Ads, Sphurti Sewak, Jayati Sinha

AMTP Proceedings 2022

This research explores why marketers can utilize disabled models to their advantage. Although brand inclusivity has attracted some attention, much is still unknown. The current research addresses this gap by establishing that using disabled brand models can lead to higher customer-brand relationships and also explores when it could potentially backfire by establishing that the personal attitude towards disability could moderate this main effect. The findings will help brands to be more open to including diverse models that do not exactly fit “the ideal” and fighting the prevailing prejudice towards disabled people in society. Representing them in their advertisements and online …

Changing The Business Narrative: A Guide To Successful Experience Offerings, J. Robert Rossman, Mat D. Duerden

Faculty Publications

Purpose

Design/methodology/approach

A Comparison Of Ncreif, Inrev, And Anrev Open-End Core Fund Indices, Barrett A. Slade, Jeffrey D. Fisher, Joe D’Alessandro

Faculty Publications

Cross-border investment in non-listed real estate is on the rise. This article aims to compare the U.S. NFI-ODCE index with the European INREV ODCE index and the recently released Asian ANREV ODCE index with the hope that this study will be helpful to cross-border investors in these major markets. From 2016 through 2020 (five years), we found that the NCREIF fund count remained relatively flat, but the INREV and ANREV fund count increase steadily. At the end of 2020, NCREIF’s GAV was 270 billion dollars compared with INREVs 39 billion dollars and ANREV’s 16 billion dollars, a considerable size difference …

What Does Homophily Do? A Review Of The Consequences Of Homophily, Gokhan Ertug, Julia Brennecke, Balaza Kovacs, Tengjian Zou

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Understanding the consequences of homophily, which is among the most widely observed social phenomena, is important, with implications for management theory and practice. Therefore, we review management research on the consequences of homophily. As the consequences of homophily have been studied at the individual, dyad, team, organizational, and macro levels, we structure our review accordingly. We highlight findings that are consistent and contradictory, as well as those that point to boundary conditions or moderators. In conducting our review, we also derive implications for management research from insights gained by research in other disciplines on this topic. We raise specific issues …

Concept Links And Return Momentum, Qianqian Du, Dawei Liang, Zilin Chen, Jun Tu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Unlike traditional asset categories (e.g., industry classifications) that are generally defined clearly, some groups of stocks are tied to certain loosely defined “concepts” (e.g., e-commerce). When investors find it difficult to analyze ambiguous concept-oriented information, information diffuses slowly, creating “concept momentum”. Based on unique concept data in the Chinese stock market, this study constructs a concept-momentum strategy that involves buying stocks from past winning concepts and selling stocks from past losing concepts, which can generate pronounced abnormal returns. Neither risk factors, firm-level momentum, nor industry-level momentum can explain concept momentum. Furthermore, we find that both the underreaction and cross-stock lead-lag …

The Diversity Risk Paradox, Veronica Root Martinez

Faculty Scholarship

There is a growing body of literature discussing the proper role of diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts by and within public firms. A combination of forces brought renewed energy to this topic over the past few years. The #MeToo movement demonstrated a whole host of inequities faced by women within workplaces. Business Roundtable’s 2019 Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation rejected the view that the purpose of the corporation was solely to be focused on the maximization of shareholder wealth. And, in 2020, the murder of George Floyd ignited a racial reckoning within the United States, which prompted many …

Opportunity Zones: A Program In Search Of A Purpose, Ofer Eldar, Chelsea Garber

Faculty Scholarship

In 2017, Congress created the Opportunity Zone (“OZ”) program to stimulate economic growth in low-income communities. The program was characterized by its unprecedented scale relative to previous place-based development efforts and was described as “perhaps the most ambitious economic development tool to come out of Congress in a generation.” However, the program was quickly criticized on numerous grounds, and its design flaws are so severe that several legislators have called for its reform or repeal.

This Essay argues that the root of the OZ program’s problems is a strong mismatch between its stated purpose and its actual terms. We discuss …

10 Things Judges Should Know About Cryptocurrency, Lee Reiners

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Corporate Governance Gap, Kobi Kastiel, Yaron Nili

Faculty Scholarship

A reliable system of corporate governance is considered an important requirement for the long-term success of public companies and for the good of society at large. After decades of research and policy advocacy, there is a growing sense that corporations are finally nearing the promised land: boards of public corporations seem more diverse, large investors seem more engaged, and directors seem more accountable than ever. But is this perception accurate? While many large, high-profile companies tend to serve as role models of desirable governance practices, the picture of corporate governance—as this Article reveals—is considerably different in the far corners of …

Regulating Global Stablecoins: A Model-Law Strategy, Steven L. Schwarcz

Faculty Scholarship

Digital currencies have the potential to improve the speed and efficiency of the payment system. The principal challenge is retail: to facilitate day-to-day payments among consumers as an alternative to cash, both domestically and across national borders. Two models of digital currencies are becoming viable: central bank digital currencies and nongovernment-issued currencies that are backed by assets having intrinsic value (stablecoins or, when widely used internationally, global stablecoins). Because they are not government issued, global stablecoins present complex and novel cross-border regulatory challenges, including managing the costs of complying with a multitude of national laws and ensuring international legal enforceability. …

An Institutional Theory Perspective On Ehr Engagement: Mandates, Penalties, And Enforcement, Mark J. Keith, Elina Chun Stewart, Tevin Stewart, Mitchell Josephson, Bob Cash, Connor Bice

Faculty Publications

Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are the predominant information system (IS) used by healthcare clinicians and have been the source of both great success and pain. User engagement with EHR systems is unique from traditional IS contexts in significant ways. Prior research explains EHR usage and success primarily on traditional technology acceptance research (i.e., TAM, UTAUT). However, these models assume that EHR engagement is no different from IS systems in general business domains. Yet, the healthcare context is far more regulated than most. Based on qualitative focus group sessions with a leading healthcare analytics firm (KLAS Research), we identify the …

Seeking Stability: Consumer Motivations For Communal Nostalgia, Minju Han, George E. Newman

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Existing research has examined why consumers are drawn to things from their past (personal nostalgia). However, little empirical work has examined why consumers prefer products that were never a part of their personal history (communal nostalgia). For example, a consumer may purchase vinyl records even though she grew up listening to mp3 files. Here, we find that one reason why consumers may be drawn to communal nostalgia is that it can provide a sense of social stability. Drawing on System Justification Theory (Jost & Banaji, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1994 and 1-27), we demonstrate that perceived threats to …

Conflict Positioning In Crisis Communication: Impact Of Antecedent Conditions On Negotiation, Pang, A., Glen T. Cameron

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Organizations need to position themselves favorably in times of crisis. The conflict positioning conceptualization offers a framework for organizations to do so by integrating insights of crisis communication with negotiation through the following steps. First, understanding the factors that will affect an organization's ability to handle the crisis. Second, based on the influence of these factors, examine the stance the organization will adopt. Third, examine the strategies the organization will embrace. Four, the strategies adopted will impact the conflict property it aims to resolve which will in turn influence the negotiation approach and the relationship dynamics between the organization and …

An Acccidental Academic: Reflections On An Exciting Journey, Karempudi Srinivas Reddy

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

My entry into academia was an accident—but what an exciting and rewarding experience it has been. I had applied for the MBA program at Columbia University Business School, but it did not admit me as they said that I already had an MBA degree from India. Instead, they admitted me into the Ph.D. program. To this day, I wonder why they gave me admission. My days as doctoral student were challenging but the most exciting days of life. My fellow Ph.D. students in Marketing, Terry Elrod, Dave Schmittlein and Chezy Ofir, along with those in other areas, Vikram Pandit, Brett …

Capacity Management In Agricultural Commodity Processing, Onur Boyabatli, Jason (Quang) Dang Nguyen

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This chapter examines the capacity investment decisions of an agricultural processing firm that produces a commodity output and a byproduct using a commodity input. We model the firm’s problem as a finite-horizon stochastic dynamic program where the firm makes one-time input processing capacity and output storage capacity investment decisions—in addition to periodic processing and inventory decisions—when facing uncertainty in both input and output spot prices as well as output yield. We characterize the optimal capacity investment portfolio in closed form. Using a model calibration based on the palm industry, we compare the performance of the optimal investment policy against capacity …

Schedule Reliability In Liner Shipping Timetable Design: A Convex Programming Approach, Abraham Zhang, Zhichao Zheng, Chung-Piaw Teo

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Container liner shipping is the primary mode of moving manufactured products across continents. Partly due to inherent uncertainties at sea and ports, the liner shipping industry has long had a notorious reputation of schedule delays and unreliable on-time performance. This paper formulates a new approach to incorporate schedule reliability targets in liner shipping timetable design, to balance bunker consumption, time taken for the voyage, and schedule delays. We first model a surrogate problem using a copositive program through a moment decomposition approach and solve it as a convex semidefinite programming relaxation. We next incorporate schedule reliability targets implicitly by exploiting …

Climate Change And Sustainability In Asean Countries, David K. Ding, Sarah E. Beh

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The ASEAN region is one of the most susceptible regions to climate change, with three of its countries—Myanmar, the Philippines, and Thailand—among those that have suffered the greatest fatalities and economic losses because of climate-related disasters. This paper reveals that the ASEAN’s environmental performance is sorely lagging other regions despite evidence of its cohesive and comprehensive efforts to mitigate emissions and build up adaptive capacity to climate-related disasters. Within the ASEAN, there exist gaps in environmental performance between each country. This suggests that increased cooperation between individual ASEAN countries is pertinent for the region to collectively combat climate change. In …

Outsourcing Climate Change, Rui Dai, Rui Duan, Hao Liang, Lilian Ng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines whether and how firms combat climate change. Our study provides robust evidence that firms outsource part of their carbon emissions to foreign suppliers and shows how internal and external stakeholders significantly shape firms' environmental policies. Furthermore, firms tend to seek a foreign supplier and decrease their emission abatement efforts as pressure to reduce domestic emissions intensifies. These firms are also less incentivized to develop green technologies. Finally, we find that outsourcing emissions has real and economic consequences, with investors demanding a higher carbon premium for their exposures to carbon risks associated with increased outsourced emissions.

Killing The Cat? A Review Of Curiosity At Work, Filip Lievens, Spencer H. Harrison, Patrick Mussel, Jordan A. Litman

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper focuses on the emergent importance of curiosity at work for individuals and organizations by reviewing management research on curiosity at work. We start by leveraging prior reviews on early and contemporary foundations of the curiosity construct in the larger psychological literature, with a focus on definitional clarity, dimensionality, and differences with other constructs in its nomological network. Next, we review different streams of management research on curiosity at work (i.e., broad generative and nongenerative effects, curiosity as a catalyst for personal action, curiosity as a catalyst for interpersonal action, curiosity as a catalyst for leadership, curiosity as an …

A Textual Analysis Of Logograms In Chinese Ipo Roadshows: How Agreement Between Investors And Management Relates To Pricing And Performance, James C. Brau, James Cicon, Stephen R. Owen

Faculty Publications

We analyze the interaction between management and investors during Chinese IPO roadshows through Jaccard Similarity analysis of written Chinese logograms. We provide evidence that when agreement is high, investor optimism increases, leading to relatively large first-day underpricing. We further show that high agreement biases investors to systematically overestimate IPO prospects leading to poor long-run abnormal performance. Jaccard Similarity is different from current content analysis methodologies because it is language and culture agnostic, requiring no a priori construction of thematic dictionaries. Elimination of such dictionaries removes the danger that the researcher has imposed predispositions upon the study.

An Analysis Of Selling Concessions, Reallowance Fees, And Price Changes In The Marketing Of Ipos, James C. Brau, Joseph J. Henry

Faculty Publications

This paper provides an economic model resulting in two distinct marketing strategies available to investment bankers. First, we hypothesize that an increased selling effort by brokers is used most effectively when the investment clientele is uninformed. Second, adjusting the offer price of the issue is hypothesized to be employed primarily in large IPOs with a clientele of sophisticated investors, consistent with Shiller’s Impresario Hypothesis. Our pre-IPO bubble (1981-1996) empirical results yield evidence supporting both selling mechanisms. Under-demanded small IPO issues are ‘pushed’ by the brokers, while some under-demanded large IPO issues instead increase the offer price, with large first-day turnover …