Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Commons^™

Preperitoneal Insufflation Pressure Of The Abdominal Wall In A Porcine Model, Riley E. Reynolds, Benjamin Wankum, Sean J. Crimmins, Mark A. Carlson, Benjamin S. Terry

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background Most complications and adverse events during laparoscopic surgery occur during initial entry into the peritoneal cavity. Among them, preperitoneal insufflation occurs when the insufflation needle is incorrectly placed, and the abdominal wall is insufflated. The objective of this study was to find a range for static pressure which is low enough to allow placement of a Veress needle into the peritoneal space without causing preperitoneal insufflation, yet high enough to separate abdominal viscera from the parietal peritoneum.

Methods A pressure test was performed on twelve fresh porcine carcasses to determine the minimum preperitoneal insufflation pressure and the minimum initial …

Development Of Chemical Methods For Oligonucleotide Purification, Paramagnetic Labeling And Synthesis Of Dna-Based Advanced Materials, Muhan He

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis describes a chemical method for alternative oligonucleotide purification that is non-chromatographic and gel-free and allows to routinely synthesize and purify long functional RNA strands. The purification of long RNAs is based on the bio-orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) chemistry between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (Tz). Target oligonucleotide strands are selectively tagged with Tz and can be captured and purified from the failure sequences with immobilized TCO. RNA strands are synthesized on solid support through a photolabile linker to avoid the loss of Tz tag. Purity of the isolated oligonucleotides was evaluated using gel electrophoresis, HPLC and mass …

Detection Of Subsurface, Nanometer-Scale Crystallographic Defects By Nonlinear Light Scattering And Localization, Farbod Shafiei, Tommaso Orzali, Alexey Vert, Mohammad-Ali Miri, Pui Yee Hung, Man Hoi Wong, Andrea Alù, Gennadi Bersuker, Michael C. Downer

Publications and Research

Heteroepitaxial crystalline films underlie many electronic and optical technologies but are prone to forming defects at their heterointerfaces. Atomic-scale defects such as threading dislocations that propagate into a film impede the flow of charge carriers and light degrading electrical/optical performance of devices. Diagnosis of subsurface defects traditionally requires time-consuming invasive techniques such as cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Using III–V films grown on Si, noninvasive, bench-top diagnosis of subsurface defects have been demonstrated by optical second-harmonic scanning probe microscope. A high-contrast pattern is observed of subwavelength “hot spots” caused by scattering and localization of fundamental light by defect scattering sites. Size …

Inventions Of Scientists, Engineers And Specialists From Different Countries In The Area Of Nanotechnologies. Part V, Leonid A. Ivanov, Li D. Xu, Konstantin E. Razumeev, Valentina M. Feoktistova, Petr S. Prokopiev

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction. Advanced technologies impress people's imagination demonstrating the latest achievements (materials, methods, systems, technologies, devices etc.) that dramatically change the world. This, first of all, concerns nanotechnological inventions designed by scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries. Main part. The article provides an abstract overview of inventions of scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries: Russia, USA, China, Belarus, Italy. The results of the creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials allow, when introduced to industry, achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and communal services, and related sectors of the …

Ultrafast Thermal Modification Of Strong Coupling In An Organic Microcavity, Bin Liu, Vinod M. Menon, Matthew Y. Sfeir

Publications and Research

There is growing interest in using strongly coupled organic microcavities to tune molecular dynamics, including the electronic and vibrational properties of molecules. However, very little attention has been paid to the utility of cavity polaritons as sensors for out-of-equilibrium phenomena, including thermal excitations. Here, we demonstrate that non-resonant infrared excitation of an organic microcavity system induces a transient response in the visible spectral range near the cavity polariton resonances. We show how these optical responses can be understood in terms of ultrafast heating of electrons in the metal cavity mirror, which modifies the effective refractive index and subsequently the strong …

Multi-Level Analysis Of Atomic Layer Deposition Barrier Coatings On Additively Manufactured Plastics For High Vacuum Applications, Nupur Bihari

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

While hardware innovations in micro/nano electronics and photonics are heavily patented, the rise of the open-source movement has significantly shifted focus to the importance of obtaining low-cost, functional and easily modifiable research equipment. This thesis provides a foundation of open source development of equipment to aid in the micro/nano electronics and photonics fields.

First, the massive acceptance of the open source Arduino microcontroller has aided in the development of control systems with a wide variety of uses. Here it is used for the development of an open-source dual axis gimbal system. This system is used to characterize optoelectronic properties of …

Surface Strengthening Of Single-Crystal Alumina By High-Temperature Laser Shock Peening, Fei Wang, X. L. Yan, Lei Liu, Michael Nastasi, Yongfeng Lu, Bai Cui

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

This manuscript reports a novel process of high-temperature laser shock peening (HTLSP) for surface strengthening of single-crystal ceramics such as sapphire and reveals its fundamental mechanisms. HTLSP at 1200°C can induce a high compressive residual stress on the surface of sapphire while minimize the damage of laser-driven shock waves. Transmission electron microscopy characteriza- tions revealed high dislocation densities near the surface, suggesting that plastic deformation at an ultrahigh strain rate was generated by the high shock wave pressure. The HTLSP-induced compres- sive residual stress can significantly improve the hardness and fracture toughness of sapphire, while maintain its outstanding optical transmittance.

Twinning-Assisted Dynamic Adjustment Of Grain Boundary Mobility, Qishan Huang, Qi Zhu, Yingbin Chen, Mingyu Gong, Jixue Li, Ze Zhang, Wei Yang, Jian Wang, Haofei Zhou, Jiangwei Wang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Grain boundary (GB) plasticity dominates the mechanical behaviours of nanocrystalline materials. Under mechanical loading, GB configuration and its local deformation geometry change dynamically with the deformation; the dynamic variation of GB deformability, however, remains largely elusive, especially regarding its relation with the frequently-observed GB-associated deformation twins in nanocrystalline materials. Attention here is focused on the GB dynamics in metallic nanocrystals, by means of well-designed in situ nanomechanical testing integrated with molecular dynamics simulations. GBs with low mobility are found to dynamically adjust their configurations and local deformation geometries via crystallographic twinning, which instantly changes the GB dynamics and enhances the …

Continuous Preparation And Application Of Novel Heterogeneous Catalysis, Michael B. Burkholder

Theses and Dissertations

Transition metal heterogeneous catalysts are widely used across many chemical industries to reduce waste and emissions and reduce production time while increasing rate. The prevalence of these materials results from the complex relationship between metal nanoparticles and supports affecting final catalytic performance. Rational catalyst synthesis describes the ability to precisely engineer structures through controlled preparation. Novel materials and continuous processing represent a promising approach for rational catalyst synthesis.

The application of these catalysts in continuous, multiphase processes, such as cross-coupling reactions, oxidation chemistry, and nitroreduction processes, are paramount to developing new commercial routes for high-value products. Pd/G catalysts synthesized by …

Nebulizer-Based Systems To Improve Pharmaceutical Aerosol Delivery To The Lungs, Benjamin M. Spence

Theses and Dissertations

Combining vibrating mesh nebulizers with additional new technologies leads to substantial improvements in pharmaceutical aerosol delivery to the lungs across therapeutic administration methods. In this dissertation, streamlined components, aerosol administration synchronization, and/or Excipient Enhanced Growth (EEG) technologies were utilized to develop and test several novel devices and aerosol delivery systems. The first focus of this work was to improve the poor delivery efficiency, e.g., 3.6% of nominal dose (Dugernier et al. 2017), of aerosolized medication administration to adult human subjects concurrent with high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, a form of continuous-flow non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The developed Low-Volume Mixer-Heater (LVMH) …

Development Of Light Actuated Chemical Delivery Platform On A 2-D Array Of Micropore Structure, Hojjat Rostami Azmand, Hojjat Rostami Azmand

Dissertations and Theses

Localized chemical delivery plays an essential role in the fundamental information transfers within biological systems. Thus, the ability to mimic the natural chemical signal modulation would provide significant contributions to understand the functional signaling pathway of biological cells and develop new prosthetic devices for neurological disorders. In this paper, we demonstrate a light-controlled hydrogel platform that can be used for localized chemical delivery in a high spatial resolution. By utilizing the photothermal behavior of graphene-hydrogel composites confined within micron-sized fluidic channels, patterned light illumination creates the parallel and independent actuation of chemical release in a group of fluidic ports. The …

Perovskite Thin Films Annealed In Supercritical Fluids For Efficient Solar Cells, Gilbert Annohene

Theses and Dissertations

In the field of photovoltaics, scientists and researchers are working fervently to produce a combination of efficient, stable, low cost and scalable devices. Methylammonium lead trihalide perovskite has attracted intense interest due to its high photovoltaic performance, low cost, and ease of manufacture. Their high absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, low-temperature processing, and abundant elemental constituent provide innumerable advantages over other thin film absorber materials. Since the perovskite film is the most important in the device, morphology, crystallization, compositional and interface engineering have been explored to boost its performance and stability. High temperatures necessary for crystallization of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite films …

Tuning The Wettability Of Metal Surface With Electrodeposited Porous Copper And Graphene Coatings, Husam Eltigani

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Electrodeposition of porous copper is an interesting type of coating that is emerging for various applications. However, the understanding of the relationships between copper surface wettability control and electrodeposition parameters and post-electrodeposition storage conditions is quite limited. Furthermore, it is worthwhile to explore how nanomaterials such as graphene would interact with porous copper to provide surface wettability modifications. This work therefore aims to develop a framework for the relationship of copper and graphene deposition processes, storage conditions, and the wetting behavior of copper surfaces. The research work performed in this study is divided into 2 parts: (i) effects of plating …

Investigation Of Spontaneously Patterned Nanoporous Organosilicate Thin Film Channels For Liquid Chromatography Applications., Ashwin Sanjay Bhaskaran

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Microscale devices are attractive options for the advancement of biomedical engineering and life science. They have huge potential in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields provided the critical factors such as device size, product purity and efficiency are not a hindrance. In most cases, traditional microelectronics fabrication processes are quite costly and complicated. By improving on them, their application in fields such as chemical sensing, detection and analysis is possible. By implementing this on a chip, we can reduce the cost and improve portability. This thesis focuses on the investigation of a novel class of spontaneously patterned nanoporous organosilicate nanoparticle-based films …

Development Of Novel Polymeric Materials For Their Application In Monitoring And Remediation Of Environmental Pollutants, Rishabh Shah

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Remediation of environmental pollutants from water is one of the major challenges in the 21st century. Utilizing novel polymeric materials to accomplish this challenge has garnered a lot of interest in recent times. Flexibility in synthesizing as well as functionalizing makes them attractive for their application in pollutant remediation. This work is based on development and characterization of novel crosslinked polymeric as well as linear polymeric materials from biphenyl-based monomers, biphenyl based crosslinker and a temperature responsive monomer (Nisopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm)) for their application in remediation of toxic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and iron oxide nanoparticle …

From Bench To Worktop: Rapid Evaluation Of Nutritional Parameters In Liquid Foodstuffs By Ir Spectroscopy, David Perezguaita

Articles

We evaluated the use of attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy for simultaneous in situ quantification of the nutritional composition of liquid food stuffs in the industrial kitchen context. Different methodologies were compared, including dry and wet acquisition along with instrument parameters and measurement times of 4 and 60 s. The most effective technique was 1-minute measurement, with prediction errors of 2.6, 0.7, 1.0, 2.2, 0.8, 2.4 g/100 mL and 150 Kcal, for carbohydrates, proteins, fat, sugars, saturated fat, water and energy values, respectively.The 4-second method resulted in larger errors but was more applicable for inline measurements. Dry measurements successfully predicted …

In Depth Characterisation Of The Biomolecular Coronas Of Polymer Coated Inorganic Nanoparticles With Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation, André Perez-Potti, Hender Lopez, Beatriz Pelaz, Abuelmagd Abdelmonem, Mahmoud G. Soliman, Ingmar Schoen, Philip M. Kelly, Kenneth A. Dawson, Wolfgang J. Parak, Zeljka Krpetic, Marco P. Monopoli

Articles

Advances in nanofabrication methods have enabled the tailoring of new strategies towards the controlled production of nanoparticles with attractive applications in healthcare. In many cases, their characterisation remains a big challenge, particularly for small-sized functional nanoparticles of 5 nm diameter or smaller, where current particle sizing techniques struggle to provide the required sensitivity and accuracy. There is a clear need for the development of new reliable characterisation approaches for the physico-chemical characterisation of nanoparticles with significant accuracy, particularly for the analysis of the particles in the presence of complex biological fluids. Herein, we show that the Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation can …

Recent Advances In Preparation And Testing Methods Of Engine-Based Nanolubricants: A State-Of-The-Art Review, Sayed Akl, Sherif Elsoudy, Ahmed A. Abdel-Rehim, Serag Salem, Mark Ellis

Mechanical Engineering

Reducing power losses in engines is considered a key parameter of their efficiency improvement. Nanotechnology, as an interface technology, is considered one of the most promising strategies for this purpose. As a consumable liquid, researchers have studied nanolubricants through the last decade as potential engine oil. Nanolubricants were shown to cause a considerable reduction in the engine frictional and thermal losses, and fuel consumption as well. Despite that, numerous drawbacks regarding the quality of the processed nanolubricants were discerned. This includes the dispersion stability of these fluids and the lack of actual engine experiments. It has been shown that the …

Generation Of Excited Species In A Streamer Discharge, Shirshak K. Dhali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

At or near atmospheric pressure, most transient discharges, particularly in molecular gases or gas mixture containing molecular gases, result in a space charge dominated transport called a streamer discharge. The excited species generation in such discharges forms the basis for plasma chemistry in most technological applications. In this paper, we simulate the propagation of streamers in atmospheric pressure N₂ to understand the energy partitioning in the formation of various excited species and compare the results to a uniform Townsend discharge. The model is fully two-dimensional with azimuthal symmetry. The results show a significantly larger fraction of the energy goes …

Direct Numerical Simulation Of A Pulsatile Flow In A Stenotic Channel Using Immersed Boundary Method, Siamak Mirfendereski, Jae Sung Park

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation model coupled with the immersed boundary method has been developed to simulate a pulsatile flow in a planar channel with single and double one-sided semicircular constrictions. For relevance to blood flow in large arteries, simulations have been performed at Reynolds numbers of 750 and 1000. Flow physics and resultant wall shear stress (WSS)-based hemodynamic parameters are presented. The instantaneous vortex dynamics, mean flow characteristics, and turbulent energy spectra are evaluated for flow physics. Subsequently, three WSS-based parameters, namely the time-averaged WSS, oscillatory shear index, and relative residence time, are calculated over the stenotic wall and …