Individualized Intimacy? : The Negotiation Of Self And Other In Heterosexual Relationships,
2010
University at Albany, State University of New York
Individualized Intimacy? : The Negotiation Of Self And Other In Heterosexual Relationships, Daniel Santore
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Sociologists working in various scholarly traditions posit an individualization of contemporary romantic relationships occurring in Western societies over the passed several decades. This dissertation uses North American and European theoretical perspectives on "individualized intimacy" as the basis for a qualitative interview study of 45 women and men involved in heterosexual relationships. In keeping with the theoretical perspectives that ground the study, the interviews focus on how concepts of self-development, communication, gender and social class collide with one another in, and serve to shape, respondents' narratives of self and other in intimacy. Findings demonstrate that: (a) regarding gender, women and men …
The Influence Of Emotion On Attention : Examining The Processing Of Negative And Positive Emotion Words In The Dot Probe Task,
2010
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Influence Of Emotion On Attention : Examining The Processing Of Negative And Positive Emotion Words In The Dot Probe Task, Tina Sutton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The influence of emotion on attention has been examined more closely in recent years using a variety of paradigms. Öhman (1993) suggested that participants more readily pay attention to negative information than neutral information. The current work was designed to expand upon these findings by examining both negative and positive emotion word processing in a non-clinical population using the dot probe task. Experiments 1a and 1b examined the supraliminal and subliminal processing of negative and positive emotion words presented in separate blocks. The results revealed that participants responded faster to the probe when it appeared in the same location as …
Test-Retest Reliability Of Self-Reports Of Depression And Anxiety Among Students With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders,
2010
University at Albany, State University of New York
Test-Retest Reliability Of Self-Reports Of Depression And Anxiety Among Students With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jill Williams
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) than in the general population. Due to their cognitive impairments, and questions concerning the validity and reliability of their responses, it is unknown whether these individuals can accurately self-report their internalizing disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability of self-reports of depression and anxiety amongst children and adolescents with ASDs. The study used a convenience sample of 31 subjects aged 8 to 17 with a diagnosis of high-functioning autism. Self-reports were administered using the Child Depression …
The Use Of Messages In Altering Risky Gambling Behavior In Experienced Gamblers,
2010
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Use Of Messages In Altering Risky Gambling Behavior In Experienced Gamblers, Bianca Jardin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study examined a fundamental assumption of a cognitive model of gambling: that gambling-related irrational beliefs are directly associated with risky gambling behavior. A total of 80 high-frequency gamblers played a chance-based computer game with play money. While playing this game, a pop-up screen repeatedly displayed one of four types of messages (accurate, inaccurate, neutral or none). Consistent with a cognitive model of gambling, accurate messages decreased risky gambling behavior compared to the other three message conditions. Contrary to predictions, however, inaccurate messages did not lead to more risky gambling behavior, nor was the hypothesis that participants in the …
Social Cognition And Interaction Training (Scit) For Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders In Outpatient Treatment Settings,
2010
University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Social Cognition And Interaction Training (Scit) For Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders In Outpatient Treatment Settings, Petra Kleinlein
Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The role of social cognition in severe mental illness (SMI) has gained much attention, especially over the last decade. The impact of deficits in socio-cognitive functioning has been found to have detrimental effects on key areas of day-to-day functioning in individuals with SMI, such as gaining and maintaining employment and overall experienced quality of life. Treatment of individuals with SMI is challenging, as the presentation of individual signs and symptoms is rather heterogeneous. There are several treatment approaches addressing deficits ranging from broader social and interpersonal functioning to neurocognitive and more intrapersonal functioning. As research in the domain of social …
Multiple Determinants Of Sexualized Behavior In Middle Childhood: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective,
2010
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Multiple Determinants Of Sexualized Behavior In Middle Childhood: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective, Natasha Elkovitch
Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
In order to adequately and appropriately intervene with children exhibiting problematic sexual behaviors, a comprehensive understanding of etiology is imperative. Although sexually abused children are observed engaging in more problematic sexual behaviors than their normative or psychiatric counterparts, it is clear that such behaviors may be the result of factors other than, or in addition to, sexual abuse. The goal of the present study was utilize a developmental psychopathology perspective in broadening our understanding of mechanisms associated with the development of problematic sexual behaviors in childhood. Participants for the study include 1, 149 children (51.8% female) drawn from the Longitudinal …
Children's Tolerance Of Word-Form Variation,
2010
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Children's Tolerance Of Word-Form Variation, Paul Reeves Breuning
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This study compared children's (N=96, mean age 4;1, range 2;8-5;3) and adults' (N=96, mean age 21 years) tolerance of word-onset modifications (e.g., wabbit and warabbit) and pseudo affixes (e.g., kocat and catko) in a label extension task. Trials comprised an introductory phase where children saw a picture of an animal and were told its name, and a test phase where they were shown the same picture along with one of a different animal. For `similar-name' trials, participants heard a word-form modification of the previously introduced name (e.g., introduced to a dib, they were asked, `which animal is a wib?'). For …
Raising An Issue In A Relationship: I’Ll Tell You What’S Wrong, But Only If I Think It Will Help,
2010
Wilfrid Laurier University
Raising An Issue In A Relationship: I’Ll Tell You What’S Wrong, But Only If I Think It Will Help, Megan H. Mccarthy
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
When we become dissatisfied with the actions of a close partner, we face a decision: to disclose our concerns to the other person (voice), or to instead remain silent. Past research suggests that degree of dissatisfaction and issue importance are not important predictors of this decision, however, research on communication in relationships points to the potential importance of outcome expectancies. Previous research has primarily focused on expectancies for relationship outcomes, however, and has yet to consider the relative contribution of expectancies for instrumental outcomes. Four studies assessed the hypothesis that instrumental expectancies are most important for how much a person …
Working Against Youth Violence Everywhere: Evaluating A Peer-Led Approach To Bullying Prevention,
2010
Wilfrid Laurier University
Working Against Youth Violence Everywhere: Evaluating A Peer-Led Approach To Bullying Prevention, Rebecca L. Pister
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
After the 2001 murder of a locai Black youth at the hands of more than 50 White youth, community organizations in the Kitchener-Waterloo area came together to develop the Working against Youth Violence Everywhere (WAYVE) program—a program created by and for local youth that would work towards eliminating bullying and violence in area high schools. WAYVE combines interactive workshops and presentations with a whole-school approach and peer-led principles. In-school teams work at maintaining an anti-bullying message within their school over the course of the year, while Regional team members develop a presentation which acts as a booster to the In-school …
Differential Effects And Rates Of Normal Aging In Cerebellum And Hippocampus,
2010
Temple University
Differential Effects And Rates Of Normal Aging In Cerebellum And Hippocampus, Diana S. Woodruff-Pak, Michael R. Foy, Garnik G. Akopian, Ka Hung Lee, Jordan Zach, Kim Phuong Thi Nguyen, David M. Comalli, John A. Kennard, Alexis Agelan, Richard F. Thompson
Psychological Science Faculty Works
Cognitive functions show many alternative outcomes and great individual variation during normal aging. We examined learning over the adult life span in CBA mice, along with morphological and electrophysiological substrates. Our aim was to compare cerebellum-dependent delay eyeblink classical conditioning and hippocampus-dependent contextual fear conditioning in the same animals using the same conditioned and unconditioned stimuli for eyeblink and fear conditioning. In a subset of the behaviorally tested mice, we used unbiased stereology to estimate the total number of Purkinje neurons in cerebellar cortex and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. Several forms of synaptic plasticity were assessed at different ages …
College Instructors’ Implicit Theories About Teaching Skills And Their Relationship To Professional Development Choices,
2010
Loyola Marymount University
College Instructors’ Implicit Theories About Teaching Skills And Their Relationship To Professional Development Choices, Vandana Thadani, Jacqueline Dewar, William Breland
Psychological Science Faculty Works
Implicit theories about the malleability of skills/abilities have been shown to predict learners’ willingness to participate in learning opportunities. The authors examined whether college professors’ implicit theories about the malleability of teaching skills predicted their willingness to engage in professional development (PD) related to teaching. One hundred thirty faculty members completed a questionnaire measuring implicit theories about teaching skills and interest in several PD opportunities. Implicit theory of teaching scores predicted faculty members’ interest in PD and their PD choices. The findings have implications for colleges/universities, which face increased pressure to engage faculty in PD in order to meet goals …
Reconstructing Sex: Women Having Sex With Women,
2010
Wilfrid Laurier University
Reconstructing Sex: Women Having Sex With Women, Alixandra Holtby
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study examines the experience of exclusion from the dominant understandings of sex for women who have sex with women, including queer, pansexual, bisexual, and lesbian women. Using ideas of the constructed nature of sex, particularly the use of sexual scripts (Simon & Gagnon, 1973), as well as the (hetero)sexist context in which these scripts are formed, qualitative interviews with 11 queer, pansexual, bisexual, and lesbian women were analyzed regarding their development of their understandings of what constitutes sex, their expectations and experiences of sex, their negotiation of desire and sexual identity, and their perspectives on sex between women and …
Beauty And Belonging: How Appearance Self-Appraisals Affect Perceived Relational Value, Relationship Standards And Desire For Interpersonal Contact,
2010
Wilfrid Laurier University
Beauty And Belonging: How Appearance Self-Appraisals Affect Perceived Relational Value, Relationship Standards And Desire For Interpersonal Contact, Vanessa M. Buote
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
All individuals seek to develop and maintain social relationships (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). The extent to which people feel loved and accepted within their relationships is called perceived relational value (Leary, 2001). I argue that because sociocultural norms equate physical appearance and social acceptance for women (Thompson, 1999), women’s perceived relational value is inordinately linked to their self-appraisals of physical appearance. I also suggest that significant relational consequences can result from this association. In Study 1,1 demonstrated that self-appraisals of physical attractiveness and Body Mass Index predicted perceived relational value among women but not men. In Study 2,1 found that …
Communalism Predicts Prenatal Affect, Stress, And Physiology Better Than Ethnicity And Socioeconomic Status,
2010
University of Michigan
Communalism Predicts Prenatal Affect, Stress, And Physiology Better Than Ethnicity And Socioeconomic Status, Cleopatra M. Abdou, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Belinda Campos, Clayton J. Hilmert, Tyan Parker Dominguez, Calvin J. Hobel, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
The authors examined the relevance of communalism, operationalized as a cultural orientation emphasizing interdependence, to maternal prenatal emotional health and physiology and distinguished its effects from those of ethnicity and childhood and adult socioeconomic status (SES). African American and European American women (N = 297) were recruited early in pregnancy and followed through 32 weeks gestation using interviews and medical chart review. Overall, African American women and women of lower socioeconomic backgrounds had higher levels of negative affect, stress, and blood pressure, but these ethnic and socioeconomic disparities were not observed among women higher in communalism. Hierarchical multivariate regression analyses …
Lives In Transition: Ethnic Identity And Psychological Well-Being In Adults With A Highly Mobile Global Upbringing,
2010
Edith Cowan University
Lives In Transition: Ethnic Identity And Psychological Well-Being In Adults With A Highly Mobile Global Upbringing, Sutharshini (Dharshi) V. Vasikaran
Theses : Honours
This study explored the nature of ethnic identity and its relationship to psychological wellbeing (PWB) in third culture kids (TCKs). Ethnic identity achievement in acculturating individuals (e.g., migrants) is known to furnish one with a sense of belonging to one's group together with desirable psychological outcomes. Ethnic identity construction can be more complex in TCKs because of exposure to multiple cultural contexts during developmental years. Seven TCKs currently residing in Australia were interviewed. Analysis proceeded according to Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology. Two themes were elucidated: 'Making sense of identity' and 'sense of belonging and PWB'. Single and multiple (blended and alternating) …
Positive Aging: Resilience And Reconstruction,
2010
Swarthmore College
Positive Aging: Resilience And Reconstruction, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
From a social constructionist perspective, conceptions of aging emerge from participation in relationships. Thus, there is reason to counter the Western stereotype of aging as decline with a more robust and positive vision. In the same way, resilience in everyday life may be achieved by engaging creatively and collaboratively in coordinating the flow of circumstances and interpretations making up daily life. We illustrate the potentials of resilience in terms of collaborative attempts to generate positive reconstructions of what are often defined as debilitating circumstances: reduced income, diminished attractiveness in physical appearance, declining physical and mental abilities, physical handicaps, the “empty …
The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling,
2010
Wright State University
The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
The following study examines the relationship between amount of information, performance, expertise, and temporal awareness during a high fidelity military battle command simulation. The current study provides an in situ example of temporal estimation which is lacking in the current body of research. Twenty Ohio National Guardsmen of varying expertise played the role of battle commander during the simulation. Novice behavior differed from experts. Novice indications of temporal awareness did not vary with contextual change. However, they provided non-detailed temporal utterances and a relationship between temporal awareness and performance. This pattern suggests that they were overwhelmed by the amount of …
Experiences And Perceptions Of How Community-Based Interventions Can Promote Young Adults' Resilience To Suicide Within Rural/Regional Communities,
2010
Edith Cowan University
Experiences And Perceptions Of How Community-Based Interventions Can Promote Young Adults' Resilience To Suicide Within Rural/Regional Communities, Tracy Evans
Theses : Honours
In the literature, both statistics and studies have noted that suicide in rural/regional young adults' is an important concern. Recent research suggests, that to facilitate a primary approach to suicide prevention in young people, there is a need to promote the protective construct of resilience at a community level, highlighting strategies such as connectedness, and decreasing the stigma related to mental illness and health-seeking behaviour (Commonwealth Department of Health & Aged Care, 2005; Injury Control Council of Western Australia, 2006). However, there is a need to investigate and identify the links or mediating factors that promote individual resilience within a …
Resilience In Families With Same-Sex Parents,
2010
Edith Cowan University
Resilience In Families With Same-Sex Parents, Natasha Griffiths
Theses : Honours
Research suggests resilience can be viewed as a dynamic process facilitating positive functioning within the context of significant adversity. A nuclear family type that remains a controversial and stigmatized group is families with same-sex parents. Same-sex families face a great number of challenges, due to the presence of heterosexism in society and they are often heavily criticised within the broad public domain. The current study adopted a phenomenological methodology to identify the family resilience processes utilised by same-sex families. Five lesbian couples (n = 10) raising children in Perth, Western Australia were interviewed. A thematic analysis technique outlined by Glesne …
From Junior To Senior Sport: Do Athletes Differ In Their Transitional Experiences?,
2010
Edith Cowan University
From Junior To Senior Sport: Do Athletes Differ In Their Transitional Experiences?, Glen Ewen
Theses : Honours
The purpose of this research was to investigate whether athletes at the beginning (BTG) of their transition from junior to senior sport, had different transitional experiences to those in the middle (MTG). One hundred and forty eight male and female elite athletes aged between 14 and 18 years, from a variety of sports in both city and country locations of Western Australia, were surveyed. Two test instruments were used; the newly developed Swedish, Transitional Monitoring Survey (TMS), and the Athletic Identity Measurement Scales (AIMS). Univariate descriptive statistics, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and reliability measures were used to analyse …
