Psychology Commons^™

"The Falling Man" As Viewed In The Lens Of The "Public Sphere", Laura Reinacher

Communication Studies

No abstract provided.

The Typical And Atypical Development Of Fine-Grained Sensitivity To The Direction Of Eye Gaze, Mark D. Vida

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Typical adults use gaze cues to make inferences about people's mental and emotional states. I investigated the development of fine-grained sensitivity to the direction of gaze during middle childhood, and how development differs in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In Study 1, sensitivity to deviations of gaze from an object in the environment improved after age 6, becoming adult-like by age 10. This improvement may allow more precise inferences about others' interests and/or intentions. In Study 2, the horizontal range of directions of gaze perceived as direct (the cone of gaze) narrowed considerably after age 6 ...

The Relationship Between Traumagenic Dynamic Responses Towards Childhood Sexual Abuse, Ethnic Identity, Social Support, Trauma Severity, And Attitudes Towards Interpersonal Relationships In Adolescent Females, Nita J. Makhija

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This study used the theory of traumagenic dynamics (TD) to examine how symptomatology resulting childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are related to the attitudes adolescent females have towards interpersonal relationships. The ultimate goal being that this understanding can inform the creation and implementation of empirically based clinical interventions that specifically target CSA-related symptoms which are associated with the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships. In examining this relationship, family support and ethnic identity were examined as protective factors against the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships, and trauma severity and the presence of domestic violence in the home were ...

The Fatherhood Factor: The Impact Of The Father-Child Relationship On The Social, Interpersonal, And Recidivism Risk Factors Of Previously Incarcerated Men, Larissa A. Maley

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Of the men who return home from prison, nearly 7 out of 10 will be re-arrested and sent back within 3 years of their release (Travis, Solomon, & Waul, 2001). This trend has large- scale implications, not just for individuals, but for their families and communities as well. Clearly, understanding the factors that contribute to a man’s success or failure in staying out of prison is extremely important in constructing policy and programs to assist these at-risk individuals and communities. Of the few studies that have explored the lives of previously incarcerated men, some have found fatherhood to be a salient factor (Arditti, Smock, & Parkman, 2005). The current study investigated this particular relationship by looking at the father’s perceived quality of the father-child bond, and how that relationship is related to the fathers’ risk for re-offending. The study also investigated the contribution that social and individual factors play in facilitating the father-child bond, as well as the contribution that those factors may make in predicting recidivism risk; specifically, the father’s own experience of being parented, the quality of communication they have with their child’s mother, their perception of social support, and individual factors associated with motivation to change. The study found empirical evidence to suggest that a positive father-child bond may reduce recidivism risk for previously incarcerated men. In addition, the study found that the father-child relationship may be a more significant predictor of recidivism risk than individual ...

Looking At The Multiple Meanings Of Numeracy, Quantitative Literacy, And Quantitative Reasoning, H. L. Vacher

Numeracy

The subject of this journal goes by a variety of names: numeracy, quantitative literacy, and quantitative reasoning. Some authors use the terms interchangeably. Others see distinctions between them. Study of psycholinguistic and ontological concepts laid out in the literature of WordNet and familiarity with the papers in this journal suggests a vocabulary matrix consisting of four rows (word senses) and three columns (word forms, namely numeracy, QL, and QR). The four word senses correspond to four sets of synonyms: {numeracy}, {numeracy, QL}, {QL, QR}, and {numeracy, QL, QR}. Each of the word forms is polysemous: “numeracy” points to the first ...

Esochoice: The Self-Manipulation Of Tastes By Chameleonic Decision Makers, Brian J. Gibbs

Brian J. Gibbs

No abstract provided.

Persistent Emotional Extremes And Video Relay Service Interpreters, Dawn M. Wessling, Sherry Shaw

Journal of Interpretation

This mixed methods study explored how call content emotionally affects video interpreters (VIs) who work in Video Relay Service (VRS) and how this influences perceptions of job satisfaction and general well-being. The participants included 889 self-reported VIs who completed a survey containing open and closed-ended questions regarding their work. Whereas VRS call content can be extremely emotional for the non-deaf and deaf callers, whether positive or negative, the study seeks to identify a spectrum of coping strategies to perceived stressors brought about by these emotionally charged incidents. The study examined the frequency of these types of calls processed by the ...

Good Enough For Government Work: Two Cheers For Content Neutrality, Seth F. Kreimer

Faculty Scholarship

When then-Professor Elena Kagan emerged on the public stage in the mid-1990s, she declared “the distinction between content-based and content-neutral regulations of speech serves as the keystone of First Amendment law.” In the last decade and a half, commentators and Supreme Court opinions regularly echoed that declaration. Yet the First Amendment does not mention “content neutrality.” It is an artifact of modern constitutional doctrine–a doctrine subject to a sustained barrage of judicial and academic criticism.

Most scholarly critiques of content neutrality focus on First Amendment theory and Supreme Court opinions. After surveying these critiques, along with the incomplete defenses ...

Parenting Behaviors, Adolescent Depressive Symptoms, And Problem Behavior: The Role Of Self-Esteem And School Adjustment Difficulties Among Chinese Adolescents, Cixin Wang, Yan Xia, Wenzhen Li, Stephan M. Wilson, Kevin Bush, Gary Peterson

Faculty Publications, Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies

Cross-sectional data from 589 Chinese adolescents were used to investigate whether parenting behaviors are directly or indirectly (through self-esteem and school adjustment difficulties) associated with adolescent depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Structural equation modeling results showed that school adjustment difficulties fully mediated the relations between two parenting behaviors (parental punitiveness and paternal monitoring) and adolescent problem behavior and partially mediated the relation between maternal monitoring and adolescent problem behavior. Adolescent self-esteem partially mediated the relations between maternal punitiveness and adolescent depressive symptoms and fully mediated the relations between parental support and adolescent depressive symptoms. Parental love withdrawal was not significantly ...

Seeing With Sound: Investigating The Behavioural Applications And Neural Correlates Of Human Echolocation, Jennifer L. Milne

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Some blind humans use the reflected echoes from self-produced signals to perceive their silent surroundings. Although the use of echolocation is well documented in animals such as bats and dolphins, comparatively little is known about human echolocation. The overarching goal of the work presented in this thesis was to shed light on some of the basic functions of human echolocation, including the perception of the shape, size, and material. I addressed these aspects of echolocation using behavioural psychophysics and neuroimaging.

In Chapter 2 I show that blind echolocators were able to accurately identify the shape of 2D objects, but that ...

The Integration And Evaluation Of Humor And Positive Psychology Approaches To Well-Being, Nadia Maiolino

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The research domains of humor and positive psychology promote strategies that can enhance well-being. However, these lines of investigation have proceeded in relative isolation. Therefore, this thesis considered how positive psychology constructs, namely, gratitude and savoring, share features with the humor styles. Study 1 mapped out the inter-relationships among these strategies, as differentially used by individuals. Findings indicated that these strategies share meaningful relationships, and that humor and positive psychology have unique roles within the context of well-being. The humor styles also moderated relationships gratitude shared with well-being. Study 2 extended this work by manipulating use of positive psychology and ...

The Relationship Between Implicit And Explicit Processing In Statistical Language Learning, Nicolette B. Noonan

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Statistical language learning is an implicit process wherein language learners track sequential statistics in fluent speech, and may it facilitate the learning of word boundaries. This process is well studied, however, the cognitive mechanisms supporting it remain poorly understood. The present thesis investigated whether domain-specific or cross-domain explicit working memory engagement would impair implicit statistical learning of word boundaries in fluent speech. Participants (n = 110) were exposed to an implicit statistical word segmentation paradigm while concurrently engaged in no other task (control), or an explicit domain- specific (verbal) or cross-domain (visuospatial) working memory task of either low- or high- demand ...

The Science And Psychology Of Infertility, Julia V. Johnson, Kristin L. Macgregor

Women’s Health Research Faculty Publications

An evidence-based presentation on the science/etiologies of infertility and its psychological impact. Outline: Prevalence and Etiology of Infertility. Basic Evaluation. Treatment Options. Psychological Effects of Infertility. Depression/Anxiety. Social, Cultural, and Gender Issues. Relationship Issues. Patient Distress and Pregnancy Rates. Psychological Support. Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions.

The Role Of The Phonological Syllable In English Word Recognition, Daniel Trinh

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Three ERP experiments examined the role of syllables during English visual word recognition. A colour congruency paradigm (Carreiras, Vergara, & Barber, 2005) was used in which disyllabic words were presented in two colours that divided each item either at the syllable boundary (congruent condition), or one letter away from the syllable boundary (incongruent condition). Experiment 1 investigated syllable congruency effects for words that either were presented with an orthotactically illegal segment in the incongruent condition (e.g., whi-mper, comr-ade), or were presented with orthotactically legal segments in the incongruent condition (e.g., whi-sper, cont-act). A syllable congruency effect was observed in the ERP data, but only for words presented with an orthotactically illegal segment in the incongruent condition. Experiment 2 contrasted the phonological syllable with the Basic Orthographic Syllabic Structure (Taft, 1979), and the Maximal Onset Principle. Behavioural and ERP results did not offer any evidence in support of the BOSS, and provided mixed evidence for the MOP. Although phonological syllable effects were found in both behavioural and ERP data, the advantage for a syllable division appeared to occur primarily when the initial segment in alternative divisions was pronounced differently in isolation than in the context of the word (e.g., pi-cnic but not pla-ster). Experiment 3 investigated syllable congruency effects for phonologically confounded and phonologically unconfounded words. For phonologically confounded words, pronunciation of the initial segment in isolation matched that of the whole word in the congruent condition, but did not match in the incongruent condition (e.g., po-ny vs pon-y; pon-der vs po-nder). For phonologically unconfounded words, the pronunciation of the initial segment in isolation matched that of the whole word in both congruent and incongruent conditions (e.g., cab-in vs ca-bin), or mismatched in both iv congruent and incongruent conditions (e.g., ca-ble vs cab-le). A syllable congruency effect was found in the ERP data, but only for phonologically confounded words. These data suggest that readers of English do not parse words into syllables during silent reading. Implications for theories ...

Marriage Market Values Systems And Global Gender Inequality, Russell D. Mulligan

Global Honors Theses

Marriage and gender inequality represent two nearly amaranthine worldwide conventions. This research looks to compare the relative local political economics of marriage with worldwide gender inequality. A comparison of United Nations gender inequality index ratings with this works duly established relative local marriage market gender equity values systems ratings indicate the presence of potentially significant correlation within these two data sets. This study concludes that these findings merit a more comprehensive look at prevailing global/ local cultural marriage traditions and their potential relationship with the prevalence of worldwide gender inequality.

Overcoming Panethnicity: Filipino-American Identity In A Globalized Culture, Brandon Napenias Oreiro

Global Honors Theses

Filipino-Americans have struggled to create a unique and visible social identity within the United States. Whether it be from their early colonial experiences in America to their more recent status as a ‘minority within a minority’, these groups of individuals are caught in a constantly expanding and increasingly complex identity crisis (Cordova, 1983; Revilla 1997; San Juan 1998). However, due to the effects of globalization and the increased application of technologies such as the internet, new avenues of self-representation have opened up, allowing for the creation of more individualistic and transnational identities that are currently challenging the conventional notions of ...

Employee Voice And Recipients' Appraisals/Reactions: The Effects Of Speech Style, Voice Type, And Voicer Status, Yongsuhk Jung

University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this research was to investigate the consequences of employee voice (i.e., the expression of information, ideas, or concerns for organizational development), primarily focusing on voice assertiveness (i.e., the extent of voicing individuals’ assertive expressions) and its influences on perceptual appraisals and reactions of voice recipients. Based on a literature review, I proposed a process model that described the influential mechanisms of voice assertiveness. I also defined moderating conditions that may guide the nature of the influence processes, such as voice type (promotive voice vs. prohibitive voice), voicer status (subordinate vs. peer), and recipient core self-evaluations ...

Emerging From The Shadows: Civil War, Human Rights, And Peacebuilding Among Peasants And Indigenous Peoples In Colombia And Peru In The Late 20th And Early 21st Centuries, Charles A. Flowerday

Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations

Peacebuilding in Colombia and Peru following their late-20^th and early 21^st century civil wars is a challenging proposition. In this study, it becomes necessary as indigenous peoples and peasants resist domination by extractive industries and governments in their thrall. Whether they protest nonviolently or rebel in arms, they are targeted for human-rights violations, especially murder, disappearance and displacement. The armed actors, state, insurgency, paramilitaries or drug traffickers, destroy civic institutions (local or regional government) and the civil (nonprofit) sector and replace them with their own authoritarian versions. Therefore, peacebuilding has emphasized rebuilding civic institutions, civil society and local ...

Searching For Food (Justice): Understanding Access In An Under-Served Food Environment In New York City, Christine C. Caruso

Journal of Critical Thought and Praxis

Abstract

Problems of food access, food insecurity and hunger, are linked to numerous adverse health outcomes as well as highlight social justice problems, such as spatial segregation and neighborhood deprivation, within the larger food system. This project explores the links between food systems, access, and food practices among low-income residents living in the Queensbridge micro-neighborhood located within the larger neighborhood of Long Island City, NYC. Given the complexity of the issues surrounding the food system and the differential impacts on people across various socio-economic statuses the aims of this study include gaining a better understanding of the issues and processes ...

Skin Bleaching In South Africa: A Result Of Colonialism And Apartheid?, Nahomie Julien

DISCOVERY: Georgia State Honors College Undergraduate Research Journal

South Africans have not overcome many of the psychological effects of apartheid and colonialism, some of which are self-hatred and low self-esteem. These negative psychosomatic influences often push people to alter their physical appearance to feel better about themselves, and one of the most common methods of doing so is by bleaching the skin(Abrahams, 2000; Charles, 2003; Singham, 1968). Skin bleaching, the application of topical creams, gels, soaps, and household products (e.g., toothpaste, bleach, washing powder, battery acid) to lighten the skin, has become one of the most common forms of potentially harmful body modification practices in the ...