Longitudinal Model Building Using Latent Transition Analysis: An Example Using School Bullying Data, 2018 University of Virginia
Longitudinal Model Building Using Latent Transition Analysis: An Example Using School Bullying Data, Ji Hoon Ryoo, Cixin Wang, Susan M. Swearer, Michael Hull, Dingjing Shi
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Applications of latent transition analysis (LTA) have emerged since the early 1990s, with numerous scientific findings being published in many areas, including social and behavioral sciences, education, and public health. Although LTA is effective as a statistical analytic tool for a person-centered model using longitudinal data, model building in LTA has often been subjective and confusing for applied researchers. To fill this gap in the literature, we review the components of LTA, recommend a framework of fitting LTA, and summarize what acceptable model evaluation tools should be used in practice. The proposed framework of fitting LTA consists of six steps …
University Students’Willingness To Assist Fellow Students Who Experience Alcohol-Related Facial Flushing To Reduce Their Drinking, 2018 University of Nebraska - Lincoln
University Students’Willingness To Assist Fellow Students Who Experience Alcohol-Related Facial Flushing To Reduce Their Drinking, Lanyan Ding, Lok-Wa Yuen, Ian M. Newman, Duane F. Shell
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study explored bystanders’ willingness to help a friend who flushes when drinking to reduce his/her drinking. Alcohol-related facial flushing is an indicator of an inherited variant enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), that impairs alcohol metabolism and increases drinkers’ lifetime risk of certain aerodigestive cancers. Individuals who flush should reduce their alcohol exposure, but they may continue to drink if social pressures and rules of etiquette make not drinking socially risky. The analysis used data from 2912 undergraduate students from 13 universities in southwestern, central and northeastern China from a survey asking how they respond to someone’s flushing in various scenarios. …
Chemical Composition And Safety Of Unrecorded Grain Alcohol (Bai Jiu) Samples From Three Provinces In China, 2018 University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Chemical Composition And Safety Of Unrecorded Grain Alcohol (Bai Jiu) Samples From Three Provinces In China, Ian M. Newman, Ling Qian, Niran Tamrakar, Bo-Bo Zhang
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Abstract: About 20% of spirits consumed in China are “unrecorded”, where these spirits are produced in small-scale distilleries and sold outside the systems of taxation and quality control. Researchers visited small distilleries in rural Yunnan, Hubei and Anhui and purchased 56 samples of unrecorded bai jiu. Seven samples of the recorded bai jiu were purchased as reference samples. An independent laboratory conducted a blind analysis of the samples. Results were compared to the standards for unrecorded alcohol adopted by the European Commission’s Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance (AMPHORA). No samples exceeded the AMPHORA guidelines for methanol, ethyl acetate, …
Four Campus Free Speech Problems Solved, 2018 University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Four Campus Free Speech Problems Solved, David Moshman
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Concerns about free speech in higher education have reached the point where at least 30 state legislatures have considered, and nearly a dozen – including Arizona and Virginia – have passed, laws to protect campus speech. The concerns about campus free speech cluster around four problems: speech zones, speech codes, disinvitations and ideological biases.
Differences In Spatial Visualization Ability And Vividness Of Spatial Imagery Between People With And Without Aphantasia, 2018 Virginia Commonwealth University
Differences In Spatial Visualization Ability And Vividness Of Spatial Imagery Between People With And Without Aphantasia, Anita Crowder
Theses and Dissertations
Mathematics education researchers have examined the relationship between visualization and mathematics for decades (e.g., Arcavi, 2003; Bishop, 1991; Duval, 1999; Fennema & Tartre, 1985; Presmeg, 1986). Studies have linked spatial visualization ability, such as measured in mental rotation tasks, directly to mathematics self-efficacy (Pajares & Kranzler, 1995; Weckbacher & Okamoto, 2014), which in turn influences mathematics achievement (Casey, Nuttall, & Pezaris, 1997). With the important role that spatial visualization plays in learning mathematics, the recent identification of congenital aphantasia (Zeman, Dewar, & Della Sala, 2015), which is the lack of mental imagery ability, has raised new questions for mathematics education …
Coviewing Supports Word Learning From Contingent And Non-Contingent Video, 2018 University of South Dakota
Coviewing Supports Word Learning From Contingent And Non-Contingent Video, Gabrielle Strouse, Georgene Troseth, Katherine O’Doherty, Megan Saylor
School of Education Faculty Publications
Social cues are one way young children determine that a situation is pedagogical in nature -- containing information to be learned and generalized. However, some social cues (e.g., contingent gaze and responsiveness) are missing from pre-recorded video, a potential reason why toddlers’ language learning from video can be inefficient compared to their learning directly from a person. This study explored two methods for supporting children’s word learning from video by adding social-communicative cues. Eighty-eight 30-month-olds began their participation with a video training phase. In one manipulation, an on-screen actress responded contingently to children through a live video feed (similar to …
Components Of Auditory Imagery In Healthy Aging, 2018 Bucknell University
Components Of Auditory Imagery In Healthy Aging, Arley K. Schenker
Master’s Theses
Mental imagery, a complex cognitive task that can be conceptualized into separable components, has been seldom studied in older adults. Auditory imagery is a particularly good modality to study throughout the lifespan, given that sounds can be both highly familiar and unfamiliar and that they inherently take place over a period of time. We tested for age differences in each of the four components of auditory imagery: generation, maintenance, inspection, and transformation. Furthermore, we investigated the degree to which certain cognitive measures that vary among individuals, such as musical background, self-reported auditory imagery, and working memory, predict performance differences. Across …
Pilot Study Of A Brief Wechat Intervention In China To Increase Students’ Willingness To Assist A Flushing Student To Reduce Alcohol Use, 2018 Chongqing Medical University
Pilot Study Of A Brief Wechat Intervention In China To Increase Students’ Willingness To Assist A Flushing Student To Reduce Alcohol Use, Fan Zhang, Lok-Wa Yuen, Lanyan Ding, Ian M. Newman, Duane F. Shell
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Objectives: This pilot study tested the effectiveness of a brief alcohol-related intervention delivered by the social media app WeChat to teach about ethanol-induced facial flushing and increase the willingness of students who see another student flushing to suggest that he or she should reduce or stop drinking. In the context of Chinese drinking culture, it is sometimes socially difficult to refuse a drink, even when experiencing physical discomfort, such as flushing. Methods: Classrooms of students in a medical university in China were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Students in the intervention group were invited to view 3 …
Health Beliefs As A Key Determinant Of Intent To Use Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (Aas) Among High-School Football Players: Implications For Prevention, 2018 Virginia Tech
Health Beliefs As A Key Determinant Of Intent To Use Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (Aas) Among High-School Football Players: Implications For Prevention, Amanda E. Halliburton, Matthew S. Fritz
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) is problematic for youth because of negative effects such as reduced fertility, increased aggression and exposure to toxic chemicals. An effective programme for addressing this problem is Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids (ATLAS). This secondary analysis expands prior research by identifying prominent mechanisms of change and highlighting key longitudinal processes that contributed to the success of ATLAS. The current sample consists of highschool football players (N = 1.068; Mage = 15.25) who began ATLAS in grades nine through eleven and participated in booster sessions for two years post-baseline. Knowledge of AAS …
Metacognitive Theories Revisited, 2018 University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Metacognitive Theories Revisited, David Moshman
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
“Metacognitive theories,” an article Gregg Schraw and I published in Educational Psychology Review in 1995, has been cited in over a thousand scholarly publications. In this follow-up, dedicated to Gregg and written after his recent death, I provide a brief overview of our 1995 article and then reflect on it in four ways. First, I consider the development of the concept of metacognition prior to 1995, including its emergence and use in previous writings by each co-author. Then, I turn to the collaboration itself, including the interplay of complementary conceptions and the construction of new ideas. Third, I consider the …
The Modulatory Effect Of Expectations On Memory Retrieval During Sentence Comprehension, 2018 The Graduate Center, CUNY
The Modulatory Effect Of Expectations On Memory Retrieval During Sentence Comprehension, Luca Campanelli, Julie A. Van Dyke, Klara Marton
Publications and Research
Memory retrieval and probabilistic expectations are recognized factors in sentence comprehension that capture two different critical aspects of processing difficulty: the cost of retrieving and integrating previously processed elements with the new input words and the cost of incorrect predictions about upcoming words or structures in a sentence. Although these two factors have independently received substantial support from the extant literature, how they interact remains poorly understood. The present study investigated memory retrieval and expectation in a single experiment, pitting these factors against each other. Results showed a significant interference effect in both response time to the comprehension questions and …
Pokémon Go As A Positive Virtual Reality Game: Promoting Cognitive, Affective, And Empathic Benefits, 2018 University of North Florida
Pokémon Go As A Positive Virtual Reality Game: Promoting Cognitive, Affective, And Empathic Benefits, Rachel Carpenter
UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Video game popularity and time playing in children, adolescents, and adults is steadily increasing due to heightened accessibility, advanced technological game design, and a rising sedentary lifestyle among Americans. The advent of exergames and virtual reality paradigms has led to a new wave of mobile video games that can be played anywhere, involve the combination of mobility and gaming, and may be used to improve cognition, affect, and perhaps empathy. The aim of the present study was to examine if the exergame Pokémon Go would improve visual and verbal working memory, attention, positive and negative affect, and empathy. Additionally, the …
Hard Copy Versus #Hashtag: Examining The Channels Of Terrorist Propaganda, 2018 University of North Florida
Hard Copy Versus #Hashtag: Examining The Channels Of Terrorist Propaganda, Evan Copello
UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, terrorism and radicalization has been a consistent issue that many countries have faced. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has been the most recent in a long trail of organizations that have sought to strike terror against the western world. However, ISIS is distinguished from other groups, like Al-Qaeda, in that ISIS supports a complex propaganda machine. Although ISIS is not the first organization to use the social media platform, they are the first to use it with such diversity. The two main channels that ISIS uses to spread their propaganda messages are through social …
An Electrophysiological Study On Sex-Related Differences In Emotion Perception, 2018 The University of Akron
An Electrophysiological Study On Sex-Related Differences In Emotion Perception, Natalie Wiswesser, James Houston Phd, Philip Allen Phd
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The purpose of this research project was examine the following question: Do men and women respond differently, on a neurophysiological level, to stimuli that elicit an emotional valence? Participants completed an emotional expression face identification task in which participants made speeded responses to angry, happy, and neutral emotional faces. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) methods were utilized to examine emotion processing differences between females and males and whether those differences were associated with emotional arousal or emotion regulation differences. Results indicated that females and males did not differ in accuracy or response time. Furthermore, there were no observable differences in …
A Sociocognitive Perspective Of The Uncanny Valley, 2018 University of Puget Sound
A Sociocognitive Perspective Of The Uncanny Valley, Andre Zamani
Summer Research
The “uncanny valley” is the effect of being ‘creeped out’ by things that are very close, but not quite, human (e.g., a ventriloquist dummy). Over the past two summers, I found that intranasal administrations of oxytocin, a hormone which affects attention to external social information, decreased participants’ reaction times when assessing uncanny valley stimuli, but did not affect their ratings of eeriness. Furthermore, oxytocin affected participants’ reaction times the most for stimuli rated to be intermediately eerie but altered their visual attention the most during the perception of stimuli rated to be either not eerie or very eerie. From these …
Psychological Consequences Of The Boko Haram Insurgency For Nigerian Children, 2018 Walden University
Psychological Consequences Of The Boko Haram Insurgency For Nigerian Children, Paul Adebayo Adepelumi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Studies have examined the causes and impacts of terrorism in Nigeria; however, no known research has documented the psychological impacts of witnessing ongoing Boko Haram terrorist violence based on the lived experiences of Nigerian children. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to examine the psychological consequences of the Boko Haram insurgency based on the lived experience of Nigerian children exposed to terrorism in Nigeria. The study's theoretical framework combined Piaget's theory of cognitive development and punctuated equilibrium theory. The central research question examined the adverse psychological effects of the Boko Haram insurgency for Nigerian children residing in Nigeria. …
The General Aviation Pilot Preflight Weather Planning: Weather Products Usability & Limitations, 2018 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
The General Aviation Pilot Preflight Weather Planning: Weather Products Usability & Limitations, Jayde King, Yolanda Ortiz, Nicholas Defilippis, Thomas A. Guinn, Beth Blickensderfer, Thomas Robert
General Aviation Weather Display Interpretation
Over the last 30 years, a large percentage of weather-related aviation accidents have occurred under General Aviation (GA) operations (FAA, 2010; Fultz & Ashley, 2016; AOPA, 2008).
- Novice Private Pilots VFR into IMC
- High Risk For Incurring Fatality
Aviation Weather Challenges
- Difficult to interpret Aviation Weather Products
- Pilot's Decision Making Biases and Errors
- GA Pilots' Lack of Aviation Weather Experience
Aspirations Of Objectivity: Systemic Illusions Of Justice In The Biased Courtroom, 2018 Claremont Colleges
Aspirations Of Objectivity: Systemic Illusions Of Justice In The Biased Courtroom, Meagan B. Roderique
Scripps Senior Theses
Given the ever-growing body of evidence surrounding implicit bias in and beyond the institution of the law, there is an equally growing need for the law to respond to the accurate science of prejudice in its aspiration to objective practice and just decision-making. Examined herein are the existing legal conceptualizations of implicit bias as utilized in the courtroom; implicit bias as peripheral to law and implicit bias as effectual in law, but not without active resolution. These views and the interventional methods, materials, and procedures they inspire are widely employed to appreciably “un-bias” legal actors and civic participants; however, without …
Effects Of Task Goals On Processing Causal Explanations In Science Texts, 2018 Northern Illinois University
Effects Of Task Goals On Processing Causal Explanations In Science Texts, Kathryn E. Rupp
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Previous research has shown that students experience difficulty understanding scientific texts that explain physical systems (e.g., how coral bleaching occurs; how speakers work). Explanatory texts about physical systems depict causally connected components and events that change across time and space. Readers incrementally build a mental representation of the system often called a mental model. The primary goal of the present experiment was to explore the possibility that one reason why explanatory texts are difficult to comprehend is that students adopt reading goals that do not facilitate the construction of a coherent mental model of the explanation. In the present experiment, …
Proceedings Of The Cuny Games Conference 4.0: The Interactive Course, 2018 CUNY York College
Proceedings Of The Cuny Games Conference 4.0: The Interactive Course, Robert O. Duncan, Joe Bisz, Julie Cassidy, Kathleen Offenholley, Maura A. Smale, Carolyn Stallard, Deborah Sturm, Anders A. Wallace, Cuny Games Network
Publications and Research
Proceedings of the CUNY Games Conference, held from January 22-23, 2018, at the CUNY Graduate Center and Borough of Manhattan Community College.
Critical Play with History (Panel) - Composition & Storytelling - Health & Cognitive Sciences - Gaming Anthropology: Teaching Culture and Power Through Games and Design (Panel) - Twine & Writing Games - Easy Ideas II - STEM Games - Global Games for Change Catalog (Panel) - Comics & Active Learning - Fact Checking & Research - Computer Science & Game Design - SimGlobal: Building a Serious Roleplay Course for the Social Sciences (Panel) - Role Playing Games, Narrative, …