A Collection Of On-Ice Arctic Measurements 1879-2013,
2019
JPL
A Collection Of On-Ice Arctic Measurements 1879-2013, Ryan Avila
STAR Program Research Presentations
Ice thickness measurements have been taken in the arctic through a variety of means for a long time in order to better understand the long-term changes to sea ice. This project is focused on measurements made directly on the ice by using an auger or electromagnetic sounding which have both been shown to be highly accurate compared to other observational methods. Our first goal is to create and update an archive of sea ice data that collects smaller separated data sets in one easy to access location for other researchers to use. Our second goal is to use this data …
Mechanisms Of Ice Core Stable Isotope Variability In The Upper Kaskawulsh-Donjek Region, St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada,
2019
University of Maine
Mechanisms Of Ice Core Stable Isotope Variability In The Upper Kaskawulsh-Donjek Region, St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada, Erin A. Mcconnell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
I use instrumental and ice core records to examine drivers of observed isotope variability in the Upper Kaskawulsh-Donjek (UKD) region of the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada over the time frame of instrument-proxy overlap (mid-1900s to present). One of the drivers of post-depositional isotope signal alteration is the vertical percolation of meltwater from the glacier surface through shallow layers of snow, which causes a reduction in the amplitude of the isotope signal recorded in ice cores. I examine isotope signal preservation in two sites in the St. Elias Mountains: Eclipse Icefield and Icefield Divide. These sites are relatively close (~30 …
Interglacial Expansion Of Alpine Glaciers In Garwood Valley, Antarctica,
2019
University of Maine
Interglacial Expansion Of Alpine Glaciers In Garwood Valley, Antarctica, Laura Mattas
Honors College
It is important to understand the response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) to ongoing global atmospheric and oceanic warming to anticipate future sea-level change. There are several contrasting views in this regard. Harig and Simons (2015) concur with the IPCC (2013) conclusion that, in recent decades, outflow across the peripheral grounding lines of the ice sheet has exceeded increased accumulation on the interior surface of the ice sheet. In contrast, Zwally et al. (2015) suggest that recent surface accumulation in the interior East and West Antarctica has outpaced peripheral losses. They further suggest that this recent positive imbalance adds …
Seismic Observations Of Crevasse Growth Following Rain-Induced Glacier Acceleration, Haupapa/Tasman Glacier, New Zealand,
2019
Victoria University of Wellington
Seismic Observations Of Crevasse Growth Following Rain-Induced Glacier Acceleration, Haupapa/Tasman Glacier, New Zealand, Samuel Taylor-Offord, Huw Horgan, John Townend, J. Paul Winberry
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
Changing rates of water input can affect both the flow of glaciers and ice sheets and their propensity to crevasse. Here we examine geodetic and seismic observations during two substantial (10–18-times background velocity) rain-induced glacier accelerations at Haupapa/Tasman Glacier, New Zealand. Changes in rain rate result in glacier acceleration and associated uplift, which propagate down-glacier. This pattern of acceleration results in a change to the strain rate field, which correlates with an order of magnitude increase in the apparent seismicity rate and an overall down-glacier migration in located seismicity. After each acceleration event the apparent seismicity rate decreases to below …
Tidal And Spatial Variability Of Flow Speed And Seismicity Near The Grounding Zone Of Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica,
2019
University of Lethbridge
Tidal And Spatial Variability Of Flow Speed And Seismicity Near The Grounding Zone Of Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica, Jade Cooley, J. Paul Winberry, Michelle Koutnik, Howard Conway
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
GPS measurements of tidal modulation of ice flow and seismicity within the grounding zone of Beardmore Glacier show that tidally induced fluctuations of horizontal flow are largest near the grounding line and decrease downstream. Seismic activity is continuous, but peaks occur on falling and rising tides. Beamforming methods reveal that most seismic events originate from two distinct locations, one on the grid-north side of the grounding zone, and one on the grid-south side. The broad pattern of deformation generated as Beardmore Glacier merges with the Ross Ice Shelf results in net extension along the grid-north side of the grounding zone …
Determining The Influence Of Lateral Margin Mechanical Properties On Glacial Flow,
2019
University of Maine
Determining The Influence Of Lateral Margin Mechanical Properties On Glacial Flow, Kate Hruby
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The lateral margins of glaciers and ice streams play a significant role in glacial flow. Depending on their properties, like temperature and ice crystal orientation, they can cause a resistance to flow or enhance it. In combination with our current changing climate, flow patterns can dictate the mass balance of an ice body. It is therefore more important than ever to understand the impact that variations at the margins can have on flow. However, the lateral margins of glaciers and ice streams are an often-neglected part of ice dynamics; they are harder to sample than the center of a glacier’s …
Effectiveness Of Four Water-Bearing Zones Of The Glacierized Basin In Meltwater Runoff Modeling,
2019
University of Dayton
Effectiveness Of Four Water-Bearing Zones Of The Glacierized Basin In Meltwater Runoff Modeling, Umesh K. Haritashya
Umesh K. Haritashya
Meltwater runoff modeling from glacierized basins needs several input data, including total meltwater contributing area. This study utilizes optical remote sensing data to assess glacierized basins in the central Himalayas where snow and glaciers contribute substantially to the water resources. Result shows that there are four main water-bearing zones in the basin: (a) dry snow, (b) wet snow, (c) exposed glacial ice, and (d) debris-covered glacial ice, and it is possible to differentiate and map these zones and their spatio-temporal variations from satellite sensor data. These zones can then be incorporated in meltwater runoff modeling as separate entities because they …
Engaging The Greater Lafayette Community In A Journey Through The Earth Sciences: Purdue’S Eaps Earth Science Passport Day Event,
2019
Purdue University
Engaging The Greater Lafayette Community In A Journey Through The Earth Sciences: Purdue’S Eaps Earth Science Passport Day Event, Dara Laczniak, Bradley Garczynski
Engagement & Service-Learning Summit
No abstract provided.
Seismic Tremor Reveals Spatial Organization And Temporal Changes Of Subglacial Water System,
2019
University of Idaho
Seismic Tremor Reveals Spatial Organization And Temporal Changes Of Subglacial Water System, Margot E. Vore, Timothy C. Bartholomaus, J. Paul Winberry, Jacob I. Walter, Jason M. Amundson
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
Subglacial water flow impacts glacier dynamics and shapes the subglacial environment. However, due to the challenges of observing glacier beds, the spatial organization of subglacial water systems and the time scales of conduit evolution and migration are largely unknown. To address these questions, we analyze 1.5‐ to 10‐Hz seismic tremor that we associate with subglacial water flow, hat is, glaciohydraulic tremor, at Taku Glacier, Alaska, throughout the 2016 melt season. We use frequency‐dependent polarization analysis to estimate glaciohydraulic tremor propagation direction (related to the subglacial conduit location) and a degree day melt model to monitor variations in melt‐water input. We …
Comparison Of Microbial Communities In The Sediments And Water Columns Of Frozen Cryoconite Holes In The Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica,
2019
University of Colorado, Boulder
Comparison Of Microbial Communities In The Sediments And Water Columns Of Frozen Cryoconite Holes In The Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Pacifica Sommers, John L. Darcy, Dorota L. Porazinska, Eli M. S. Gendron, Andrew G. Fountain, Felix Jacob Zamora, Kim Vincent, Kaelin M. Cawley, Adam J. Solon, Lara Vimercati, Jenna Ryder, Steven K. Schmidt
Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Although cryoconite holes, sediment-filled melt holes on glacier surfaces, appear small and homogenous, their microbial inhabitants may be spatially partitioned. This partitioning could be particularly important for maintaining biodiversity in holes that remain isolated for many years, such as in Antarctica. We hypothesized that cryoconite holes with greater species richness and biomass should exhibit greater partitioning between the sediments and water, promoting greater biodiversity through spatial niche partitioning. We tested this hypothesis by sampling frozen cryoconite holes along a gradient of biomass and biodiversity in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica, where ice-lidded cryoconite holes are a ubiquitous feature of glaciers. We …
Late Pleistocene Glaciation In The Mosquito Range, Colorado, U.S.A.: Chronology And Climate,
2019
University of Minnesota, Morris
Late Pleistocene Glaciation In The Mosquito Range, Colorado, U.S.A.: Chronology And Climate, Keith A. Brugger, Benjamin J.C. Laabs, Alexander Reimers, Noah Bensen
Geology Publications
New cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages from seventeen moraine boulders in the Mosquito Range suggest that glaciers were at their late Pleistocene (Pinedale) maximum extent at ~21–20 ka, and that ice recession commenced prior to ~17 ka. These age limits suggest that the Pinedale Glaciation was synchronous within the Colorado Rocky Mountain region. Locally, the previous (Bull Lake) glaciation appears to have occurred no later than 117 ka, possibly ~130 ka allowing for reasonable rock weathering rates. Temperature-index modeling is used to determine the magnitude of temperature depression required to maintain steady-state mass balances of seven reconstructed glaciers at …
Accessible Science: The Natural History Of The Connecticut River Valley,
2019
Amherst College
Accessible Science: The Natural History Of The Connecticut River Valley, Fred Venne
Science and Engineering Saturday Seminars
Many students take an Earth science or geology course to fulfill a requirement, knowing little to nothing about the field. Like all sciences, geology can appear to have ready answers unconnected to other areas of human endeavor, such as art, religion or philosophy. An interdisciplinary approach to teaching can ameliorate this perception for students who are intimidated by the subject and deepen understanding for those who are already excited about geology. We will examine two strategies designed to support the nature of science while scaffolding student learning in geology: research based digital resources use and museum of natural history visits. …
Snowmelt Detection On Alpine Glaciers Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Time Series,
2019
CUNY City College
Snowmelt Detection On Alpine Glaciers Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Time Series, Corey Scher
Dissertations and Theses
Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) glaciers serve as some of the most sensitive indicators of changes in global climate. These glaciers shape the hydrologic dynamics of river systems supplying freshwater to over 2 billion people throughout Asia and regulate the geochemistry of sensitive aquatic alpine ecosystems. As snowmelt onsets sooner, lasts longer, and snowfields retreat due to increases in global temperature, the hydrologic dynamics of catchments draining HKH threaten to change the availability of surface freshwater resources for nearly one fifth of the global population, disturb sensitive aquatic habitat, and precipitate hazards associated with glacier wasting. Informed planning and decision-making around …
Reanalysis Of The Us Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-Term Insight Into Climate Forcing Of Glacier Mass Balance,
2019
U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center
Reanalysis Of The Us Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-Term Insight Into Climate Forcing Of Glacier Mass Balance, Shad O’Neel, Christopher Mcneil, Louis Sass, Caitlyn Florentine, Emily Baker, Andrew G. Fountain, Multiple Additional Authors
Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Mountain glaciers integrate climate processes to provide an unmatched signal of regional climate forcing. However, extracting the climate signal via intercomparison of regional glacier mass-balance records can be problematic when methods for extrapolating and calibrating direct glaciological measurements are mixed or inconsistent. To address this problem, we reanalyzed and compared long-term mass-balance records from the US Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers. These five glaciers span maritime and continental climate regimes of the western United States and Alaska. Each glacier exhibits cumulative mass loss since the mid-20th century, with average rates ranging from −0.58 to −0.30 m w.e. a−1. We produced a …
Ice Flow Impacts The Firn Structure Of Greenland's Percolation Zone,
2019
University of Montana, Missoula
Ice Flow Impacts The Firn Structure Of Greenland's Percolation Zone, Rosemary C. Leone
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
One dimensional simulations of firn evolution neglect horizontal transport as the firn column moves down slope during burial. This approach is justifiable near Greenland's ice divide, where ice flow is near vertical, but fidelity is lost in the percolation zone where horizontal ice flow advects the firn column through climate gradients. We simulate firn evolution processes under advection conditions using a transient, thermo-mechanically coupled model for firn densification and heat transfer with various schemes for meltwater penetration and refreezing. The simulations isolate processes in synthetic runs and investigate an ice core site and four transects of Greenland’s percolation zone. The …
Analysis Of A Paleoglacier Reconstruction Model For Valley Glaciers Of The Wind River Range, Wyoming,
2019
University of Northern Iowa
Analysis Of A Paleoglacier Reconstruction Model For Valley Glaciers Of The Wind River Range, Wyoming, Taylor Rae Garton
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
Various approaches, ranging from in-field morphological reconstructions to more technology-based modelling practices allow us to reconstruct and understand the long-term geomorphic evolution of landscapes. The study of paleo-environments by reconstruction can also give us profound insight into paleo-climate. A new model, GlaRe (Glacial Reconstruction), has been introduced into the alpine glacier modeling community to facilitate glacier reconstruction. In this research the mathematical equations representing the basal shear stress parameter are tested to determine the applicability of the GlaRe model to alpine glaciers in the American West. Known ages and extents of past glacier advances were used to test the reconstructions …
Remote Sensing Of Icebergs In Greenland's Fjords And Coastal Waters,
2018
University of Maine
Remote Sensing Of Icebergs In Greenland's Fjords And Coastal Waters, Jessica Scheick
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Increases in ocean water temperature are implicated in driving recent accelerated rates of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Icebergs provide a key tool for gaining insight into ice-ocean interactions and until recently have been relatively understudied. Here we develop several methods that exploit icebergs visible in optical satellite imagery to provide insight on the ice--ocean environment and explore how iceberg datasets can be used to examine the physics of iceberg decay and parent glacier properties. First, a semi-automated algorithm, which includes a machine learning-based cloud mask, is applied to six years (2000-2002 and 2013-2015) of the Landsat archive …
Climate Evolution Across The Mid-Brunhes Transition,
2018
Rowan University
Climate Evolution Across The Mid-Brunhes Transition, Aaron M. Barth, Peter U. Clark, Nicholas S. Bill, Feng He, Nicklas G. Pisias
School of Earth & Environment Faculty Scholarship
The Mid-Brunhes Transition (MBT) began ∼ 430 ka with an increase in the amplitude of the 100 kyr climate cycles of the past 800 000 years. The MBT has been identified in ice-core records, which indicate interglaciations became warmer with higher atmospheric CO2 levels after the MBT, and benthic oxygen isotope (δ18O) records, which suggest that post-MBT interglaciations had higher sea levels and warmer temperatures than pre-MBT interglaciations. It remains unclear, however, whether the MBT was a globally synchronous phenomenon that included other components of the climate system. Here, we further characterize changes in the climate system across the MBT …
Assessing Ground Penetrating Radar’S Ability To Image Subsurface Characteristics Of Icy Debris Fans In Alaska And New Zealand,
2018
Bucknell University
Assessing Ground Penetrating Radar’S Ability To Image Subsurface Characteristics Of Icy Debris Fans In Alaska And New Zealand, Robert W. Jacob, Jeffrey M. Trop, R. Craig Kochel
Faculty Journal Articles
Icy debris fans have recently been described as fan shaped depositional landforms associated with (or formed during) deglaciation, however, the subsurface characteristics remain essentially undocumented. We used ground penetrating radar (GPR) to non-invasively investigate the subsurface characteristics of icy debris fans (IDFs) at McCarthy Glacier, Alaska, USA and at La Perouse Glacier, South Island of New Zealand. IDFs are largely unexplored paraglacial landforms in deglaciating alpine regions at the mouths of bedrock catchments between valley glaciers and icecaps. IDFs receive deposits of mainly ice and minor lithic material through different mass-flow processes, chiefly ice avalanche and to a lesser extent …
Alpine Ice Evidence Of A Three-Fold Increase In Atmospheric Iodine Deposition Since 1950 In Europe Due To Increasing Oceanic Emissions,
2018
Université Grenoble Alpes-CNRS
Alpine Ice Evidence Of A Three-Fold Increase In Atmospheric Iodine Deposition Since 1950 In Europe Due To Increasing Oceanic Emissions, Michel Legrand, Joseph R. Mcconnell, Susanne Preunkert, Monica M. Arienzo, Nathan Chellman, Kelly E. Gleason, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Lucy J. Carpenter
Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations
Iodine is an important nutrient and a significant sink of tropospheric ozone, a climate-forcing gas and air pollutant. Ozone interacts with seawater iodide, leading to volatile inorganic iodine release that likely represents the largest source of atmospheric iodine. Increasing ozone concentrations since the preindustrial period imply that iodine chemistry and its associated ozone destruction is now substantially more active. However, the lack of historical observations of ozone and iodine means that such estimates rely primarily on model calculations. Here we use seasonally resolved records from an Alpine ice core to investigate 20th century changes in atmospheric iodine. After carefully considering …
