Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

The Efficacy Of Probiotics On Overall Quality Of Life By Gender, Melissa Kalman, Kirsten Soderblom

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Introduction:

In the 1950s, German scientist Werner Kollath coined the term probiotic, which is Latin for, “for life”. To be considered a probiotic, a product must consist of live microorganisms and provide health benefits to the host when ingested in sufficient amounts. The microorganisms in probiotics provide numerous health benefits through immunologic mechanisms. Recent research shows probiotics may provide benefits to those experiencing stress, including general anxiety and stressors, as well as improve human immunity and overall quality of life. There is a lack of research concerning probiotics and the differences in physiological responses comparing males and females.

Comparison Of Student Dietary Patterns In The School Of Allied Health Professions' Departments, Randy Song, Sonya Fargo, Jaime Scolastico

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Introduction:

Dietary habits influence many risk factors for cardiometabolic health, including heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, which collectively pose substantial health and economic burdens. College students may struggle to get access to or understand how to prepare healthy foods. Students with more nutritional knowledge consume less unhealthful fats and cholesterol, but as independence increases, students are continuously challenged to make healthful food choices. Assessing dietary patterns can be complex and time consuming, though it is a worthwhile endeavor as it sheds light on diet quality and areas of excess and deficiency.

Intuitive Eating Behaviors Among A Sample Of Food Secure And Food Insecure College Students, Morgan Stocker, Christin Seher Phd, Rdn, Ld

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Intuitive Eating (IE) is a food mindset focusing on honoring hunger and fullness, while rejecting the diet mentality. Research demonstrates a clear link between IE and health outcomes across many populations, including college students. Despite a growing body of literature, we still know very little about what complexities food insecurity may present for individuals trying to adopt IE behaviors. This study builds off prior research to investigate IE behaviors in food insecure and food secure students through a Qualtrics survey utilizing the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Six-Item Short Form to determine food …

The Effects Of Caffeine On Health And Perceived Bitterness, Chyann Farlin

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Caffeine is commonly consumed throughout the world in items such as coffee, chocolate, tea, energy drinks, and carbonated soft drinks. Consumers and food manufacturers benefit from discussion surrounding caffeine because consumers use information to drive their purchases. The purpose of this paper is to describe how caffeine effects health and perceived bitterness, and the ways that the food industry modifies bitter tastes in caffeine-containing products. Moderate caffeine intake is defined as 240-400 mg/day. Moderate intake of caffeine is not correlated to increased risk of premature death caused by disease or cancer. Excessive intake (>400mg/day) is neither protective nor harmful …

Small Bowel Stomas Are Associated With Higher Risk Of Circulating Food-Specific-Igg Than Patients With Organic Gastrointestinal Conditions And Colostomies, Walker K. Carson, Joseph L. Baumert, Jennifer Clarke, Jacques Izard

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Objective The effects of food sensitivity can easily be masked by other digestive symptoms in ostomates and are unknown. We investigated food-specific-IgG presence in ostomates relative to participants affected by other digestive diseases.

Design Food-specific-IgG was evaluated for 198 participants with a panel of 109 foods. Immunocompetency status was also tested. Jejunostomates, ileostomates, and colostomates were compared with individuals with digestive tract diseases with inflammatory components (periodontitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, duodenitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and appendicitis), as well as food malabsorption due to intolerance. A logistic regression model with covariates was used to estimate the effect of the experimental data …

Nutrient Intake Differs Among Persons With Celiac Disease And Gluten-Related Disorders In The United States, Aynur Unalp-Arida, Rui Liu, Constance E. Ruhl

Health Science Faculty Publications

Persons with celiac disease (CD) may develop nutritional deficiencies, while individuals following a gluten-free diet (GFD) may lack essential nutrients. We examined nutrient intake from diet and supplements among persons with CD and GFD in the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2014. Among 15,610 participants 20 years and older, we identified CD based on positive serology for immunoglobulin A against tissue transglutaminase, health care provider diagnosis, and adherence to a GFD. People without CD avoiding gluten (PWAG) adhered to a GFD without a diagnosis of CD. Two 24-h recalls assessed nutrient intake from diet and supplements. Compared to …

One-Carbon Metabolism In Children With Marasmus And Kwashiorkor, Thaddaeus May, Bethany De La Haye, Gabrielle Nord, Kevin Klatt, Kevin Stephenson, Sara Adams, Lucy Bollinger, Neil Hanchard, Erland Arning, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Kenneth Maleta, Mark Manary, Farook Jahoor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: Kwashiorkor is a childhood syndrome of edematous malnutrition. Its precise nutritional precipitants remain uncertain despite nine decades of study. Remarkably, kwashiorkor's disturbances resemble the effects of experimental diets that are deficient in one-carbon nutrients. This similarity suggests that kwashiorkor may represent a nutritionally mediated syndrome of acute one-carbon metabolism dysfunction. Here we report findings from a cross-sectional exploration of serum one-carbon metabolites in Malawian children.

METHODS: Blood was collected from children aged 12-60 months before nutritional rehabilitation: kwashiorkor (N = 94), marasmic-kwashiorkor (N = 43) marasmus (N = 118), moderate acute malnutrition (N = 56) and controls (N = …

How Do Low-Income Single-Mothers Get By When Unemployment Strikes: Patterns Of Multiple Program Participation After Transition From Employment To Unemployment, Chi-Fang Wu, Yu-Ling Chang, Soohyun Yoon, Salma Musaad

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Little is known about longitudinal patterns of welfare program participation among single mothers after they transition from employment to unemployment. To better understand how utilization patterns of these welfare programs may change during the 12 months after a job loss, we used the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the patterns of participation in Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and unemployment insurance among 342 single mothers who transitioned from employment to unemployment during the Great Recession. Using sequence analysis and cluster analysis, this paper identified four distinct patterns of program participation: …

Depletion And Enrichment Of Phytosterols In Soybean Oil Lipid Emulsions Directly Associate With Serum Markers Of Cholestasis In Preterm Parenteral Nutrition-Fed Pigs, Greg Guthrie, Barbara Stoll, Shaji Chacko, Mahmoud Mohammad, Candace Style, Mariatu Verla, Oluyinka Olutoye, Deborah Schady, Charlotte Lauridsen, Nick Tataryn, Douglas Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Clinical reports show a positive correlation between phytosterol concentrations and severity of cholestatic liver disease markers in infants during long-term administration of parenteral lipid emulsions. Establishing a causal link between phytosterols and cholestasis has been complicated by confounding factors of lipid emulsion load, fatty acid composition, and vitamin E in many of these studies. The goal of this study is to determine whether altering the phytosterol concentration within a common soybean oil-based emulsion will alter the onset and severity of cholestasis in parenterally fed preterm piglets.

Methods: Preterm piglets were administered, for 21 days, either enteral nutrition (ENT) or …

Bibliometric And Visual Analysis Of Research On The Links Between The Gut Microbiota And Pain From 2002 To 2021, Menghan Mao, Yanyu Zhou, Yingfu Jiao, Suqing Yin, Chiwai Cheung, Weifeng Yu, Po Gao, Liqun Yang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background and aims: The gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of pain, which is proved by plenty of evidence. Although a substantial quantity of research on the link between the gut microbiota and pain has emerged, no study has focused on the bibliometric analysis of this topic. We aim to present a bibliometric review of publications over the past 20 years and predict research hot spots.

Methods: Relevant publications between 2002 and 2021 were extracted from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on April 22, 2022. CiteSpace (version 5.8 R3c), VOSviewer, …

Developing And Predicting Of Early Mortality After Endovascular Thrombectomy In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke, Yimin Chen, Sijie Zhou, Shuiquan Yang, Mohammad Mofatteh, Yuqian Hu, Hongquan Wei, Yuzheng Lai, Zhiyi Zeng, Yajie Yang, Junlin Yu, Juanmei Chen, Xi Sun, Wenlong Wei, Thanh N Nguyen, José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo, Xuxing Liao

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. However, there is a paucity of information regarding mortality rates and associated risk factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). In this study, we aimed to clarify these issues and analyzed previous publications related to mortality in patients treated with EVT.

Methods: We analyzed the survival of 245 consecutive patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for AIS for which mortality information was obtained. Early mortality was defined as death occurring during hospitalization after EVT or within 7 days following hospital discharge from the …

New Natural Compound Inhibitors Of Pdgfra (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Α) Based On Computational Study For High-Grade Glioma Therapy, Wenzhuo Yang, Shengnan Wang, Xiangmao Zhang, Hu Sun, Menghan Zhang, Hongyu Chen, Junxiang Cui, Jinyang Li, Fei Peng, Mingqin Zhu, Bingcheng Yu, Yifan Li, Liu Yang, Wanwan Min, Mengru Xue, Lin Pan, Hao Zhu, Bo Wu, Yinghao Gu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: High-grade glioma (HGG) is a malignant brain tumor that is common and aggressive in children and adults. In the current medical paradigm, surgery and radiotherapy are the standard treatments for HGG patients. Despite this, the overall prognosis is still very bleak. Studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) is an essential target to treat tumors and inhibiting the activity of PDGFRA can improve the prognosis of HGG. Thus, PDGFRA inhibitors are critical to developing drugs and cancer treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to screen lead compounds and candidate drugs with potential inhibitors against …

Maternal Feeding Styles And Child Appetitive Traits: Direction Of Effects In Hispanic Families With Low Incomes, Maria A Papaioannou, Nilda Micheli, Thomas G Power, Teresia M O'Connor, Jennifer Orlet Fisher, Sheryl O Hughes

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Feeding styles of parents have been associated with dietary quality/intake and weight outcomes; however, much of the research to date has been cross sectional and the direction of influence unclear. This prospective longitudinal study evaluated the direction of effects between feeding styles and child appetitive traits over time in a sample of 129 Hispanic parent/child dyads that participated in a larger study. Data analyzed for the current study were collected when the children were 4-5 years old and again at ages 7-9 years. Parents (all mothers) reported on their feeding styles and children's appetitive traits using well-established questionnaires. Cross-lagged panel …

Seasonality Of Children's Height And Weight And Their Contribution To Accelerated Summer Weight Gain, Jennette P Moreno, Salma Musaad, Hafza Dadabhoy, Tom Baranowski, Stephanie J Crowley, Debbe Thompson, Tzuan A Chen, Craig A Johnston

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Validation Of The Family Health Behavior Scale For The Brazilian Population, Luiza Tweedie Preto, Camila H Scarpatto, Laura Lessa Gaudie Ley, Carolina Silveira, Margareth Rodrigues Salerno, Jennette Palcic Moreno, Stela Maris De Jezus Castro, Linda Booij, Rita Mattiello

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: To validate the Family Health Behavior Scale (FHBS) for Brazilian families.

Methods: The sample included 272 children aged 5 to 12 years old. Caregivers and their healthy answered the FHBS and questions about physical activity. In addition, anthropometric measurements of the children's weight and height were performed, as well as the bioimpedance exam. The scale was translated and the following validities were assessed: content (qualitative analysis and content validity index), construct (factor analysis) and concurrent validity (difference between domains and the total score with the categories of BMI, fat percentage and physical activity). Reliability (Cronbach's alpha, ceiling-floor effect, two-half …

Gabra5 Plays A Sexually Dimorphic Role In Pomc Neuron Activity And Glucose Balance, Zhou Pei, Yang He, Jonathan C Bean, Yongjie Yang, Hailan Liu, Meng Yu, Kaifan Yu, Ilirjana Hyseni, Xing Cai, Hesong Liu, Na Qu, Longlong Tu, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Yongxiang Li, Na Yin, Nan Zhang, Junying Han, Camille Hs Potts, Nikolas A Scarcelli, Zili Yan, Pingwen Xu, Qi Wu, Yanlin He, Yong Xu, Chunmei Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are important for the regulation of body weight and glucose balance. The inhibitory tone to POMC neurons is mediated primarily by the GABA receptors. However, the detailed mechanisms and functions of GABA receptors are not well understood. The α5 subunit of GABAA receptor, Gabra5, is reported to regulate feeding, and we found that Gabra5 is highly expressed in POMC neurons. To explore the function of Gabra5 in POMC neurons, we knocked down Gabra5 specifically from mature hypothalamic POMC neurons using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 strategy. This POMC-specific knock-down of Gabra5 did not affect …

Associations Of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure With Neurobehavioral Outcomes In 45- And 75-Month-Old Infants, Jenna L N Sprowles, Kelsey L C Dzwilewski, Francheska M Merced-Nieves, Salma M A Musaad, Susan L Schantz, Sarah D Geiger

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and research indicates that prenatal exposure to some phthalates may affect neurodevelopment. In a prospective birth cohort study, five first-morning urine samples collected across pregnancy were pooled and the following phthalate biomarkers assessed: sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP), sum of diisononyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDINP), sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDBP), sum of anti-androgenic metabolites (ΣAA), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), and sum of all phthalate metabolites (ΣAll). The Ages & Stages Questionnaires® (ASQ), a standardized parent-reported, age-adapted screening tool, measured communication, personal-social, problem solving, and motor domains in infants at 4.5 and 7.5 months (n = …

Tissue-Specific Mechanisms Of Bile Acid Homeostasis And Activation Of Fxr-Fgf19 Signaling In Preterm And Term Neonatal Pigs, Caitlin Vonderohe, Greg Guthrie, Barbara Stoll, Shaji Chacko, Harry Dawson, Douglas G Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The tissue-specific molecular mechanisms involved in perinatal liver and intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) signaling are poorly defined. Our aim was to establish how gestational age and feeding status affect bile acid synthesis pathway, bile acid pool size, ileal response to bile acid stimulation, genes involved in bile acid-FXR-FGF19 signaling and plasma FGF19 in neonatal pigs. Term (n = 23) and preterm (n = 33) pigs were born via cesarean section at 100% and 90% gestation, respectively. Plasma FGF19, hepatic bile acid and oxysterol profiles, and FXR target gene expression were assessed in pigs …

Desired Resources For Changing Diet Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Qualitative Inquiry Informing Future Dietary Interventions, Stephanie L Silveira, Emma V Richardson, Robert W Motl

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: There are approximately 1 million adults in the United States with multiple sclerosis (MS). Persons with MS are interested in diet as a second-line therapy for improving MS symptoms and disease progression. Examination of desired resources regarding diet among persons with MS is necessary for supporting behavior change.

METHODS: Twenty-five adults with MS completed 1-on-1, online semistructured interviews. An inductive, 6-phase, semantic thematic analysis was applied to identify themes associated with participant preferences for dietary behavior change.

RESULTS: The research team crafted 4 key themes from the data that encompassed participants' desired resources for dietary behavior change. Theme 1, …

Development And Validation Of A New Methodological Platform To Measure Behavioral, Cognitive, And Physiological Responses To Food Interventions In Real Time, M.A. Vargas-Alvarez, H. Al-Sehaim, J.M. Brunstrom, G. Castelnuovo, S. Navas-Carretero, J.A. Martínez, E. Almiron-Roig

Articles

To fully understand the causes and mechanisms involved in overeating and obesity, measures of both cognitive and physiological determinants of eating behavior need to be integrated. Effectively synchronizing behavioral measures such as meal micro-structure (e.g., eating speed), cognitive processing of sensory stimuli, and metabolic parameters, can be complex. However, this step is central to understanding the impact of food interventions on body weight. In this paper, we provide an overview of the existing gaps in eating behavior research and describe the development and validation of a new methodological platform to address some of these issues. As part of a controlled …