Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

La Migración Como Determinante De La Obesidad Infantil En Estados Unidos Y Latinoamérica, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Arturo V. Bustamante, Nancy López-Olmedo, Pablo Gaitán-Ross, Jaqueline Torres, Karen E. Peterson, Graciela Teruel, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

La migración internacional tiene consecuencias económicas y en la salud. El proceso de aculturación en el país de acogida puede estar relacionado con la obesidad infan-til. Utilizamos el marco conceptual del balance energético comunitario (CEB, por sus siglas en inglés) para analizar la relación entre migración y obesidad infantil en los hogares mexicanos con migrantes internacionales. Utilizando datos longitudinales de la Encuesta Nacional de Niveles de Vida de los Hogares de México (ENNViH), exami-namos cómo influyen las redes de migrantes sobre la obesidad infantil en las comuni-dades de origen. También revisamos programas de salud binacionales que podrían ser eficaces para …

Activation Of The Innate Immune System In Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Evidenced By Increased Fecal Human Β-Defensin-2, Robert J Shulman, Sridevi Devaraj, Margaret Heitkemper

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background & aims: The role of the innate immune system in functional gastrointestinal pain disorders is unclear. We investigated the role of β-defensin-2 and gut permeability in childhood irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain (FAP) symptom generation.

Methods: Fecal β-defensin-2 (and in a subset, gut permeability) was measured in children with IBS (n = 116), FAP (n = 33), and healthy control (HC) children (n = 72). IBS and FAP patients were recruited from tertiary and primary care, and HCs were recruited from primary care.

Results: β-defensin-2 concentration was greater in children with IBS (P = .003) and …

Social Marketing Campaigns To Promote Healthy Eating In Low-Income Louisiana Environments: A Mixed Methods Formative Assessment, Linda Fergus

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A healthy diet consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is associated with reduced risk of obesity and chronic disease. Many people do not consume a healthy diet, especially those with limited resources. The purpose of this research was to study social marketing campaigns and message design factors that promote healthy eating and improved physical activity (PA) behaviors to low-income populations in Louisiana (LA) and to describe the attitudes, beliefs, and barriers of the rural, low-income LA population regarding healthy eating.

In a scoping literature review, an evidence map of publications regarding social marketing campaigns that aim to promote …

Dietary Saturated Fats And Health: Are The Us Guidelines Evidence-Based?, Arne Astrup, Nina Teicholz, Faidon Magkos, Dennis M Bier, J Thomas Brenna, Janet C King, Andrew Mente, José M Ordovas, Jeff S Volek, Salim Yusuf, Ronald M Krauss

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The last decade has seen nearly 20 papers reviewing the totality of the data on saturated fats and cardiovascular outcomes, which, altogether, have demonstrated a lack of rigorous evidence to support continued recommendations either to limit the consumption of saturated fatty acids or to replace them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. These papers were unfortunately not considered by the process leading to the most recent U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the country's national nutrition policy, which recently reconfirmed its recommendation to limit saturated fats to 10% or less of total energy intake, based on insufficient and inconsistent evidence. Continuation of a …

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Assessment And Comparison With Weight For Length Z-Score In Infants ≤6 Months As An Indicator Of Severe Acute Malnutrition, Mahjabeen Zehra, Ali Faisal Saleem, Zaubina Kazi, Sadia Parkar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To assess the frequency of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and to determine the validity of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as compared to weight for length z-score (WLZ-score) as an indicator of the nutritional status in this age group.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, with a purposive sampling was conducted from March 2018 to November 2018 to enroll 540 infants ≤6 months of age from three different sites in Karachi, Pakistan. The anthropometric measurements (MUAC, length and weight) were taken by experienced community health workers. The data were analyzed using SPSS. MUAC was compared with WLZ-score for sensitivity and specificity to …

The Experiences Of Iranian Nurses In Critical Events And Natural Disasters: A Qualitative Study, Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi, Shahriar Salehi Tali, Reza Ganeigheshlagh

The Qualitative Report

Medical staff and healthcare providers are always involved in earthquakes; therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the experience of nurses in dealing with critical events and natural disasters. A qualitative study was conducted by semi-structured interviews with 12 medical staff. Data were analyzed by qualitative analysis hermeneutic approach. Four categories were developed as follows: “confusion,” “coercion,” “psychological disturbance,” and “wasting of resources.” The categories led to the development of the main theme of “miss management.” Earthquakes are considered serious challenges for nurses and health professionals involved in such disasters. It will culminate in dire consequences including physical, …

The Concurrence Of Dna Methylation And Demethylation Is Associated With Transcription Regulation, Jiejun Shi, Jianfeng Xu, Yiling Elaine Chen, Jason Sheng Li, Ya Cui, Lanlan Shen, Jingyi Jessica Li, Wei Li

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The mammalian DNA methylome is formed by two antagonizing processes, methylation by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and demethylation by ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases. Although the dynamics of either methylation or demethylation have been intensively studied in the past decade, the direct effects of their interaction on gene expression remain elusive. Here, we quantify the concurrence of DNA methylation and demethylation by the percentage of unmethylated CpGs within a partially methylated read from bisulfite sequencing. After verifying 'methylation concurrence' by its strong association with the co-localization of DNMT and TET enzymes, we observe that methylation concurrence is strongly correlated with gene expression. …

Intermittent Bolus Compared With Continuous Feeding Enhances Insulin And Amino Acid Signaling To Translation Initiation In Skeletal Muscle Of Neonatal Pigs, Agus Suryawan, Samer W El-Kadi, Hanh V Nguyen, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Nutrition administered as intermittent bolus feeds rather than continuously promotes greater protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and enhances lean growth in a neonatal piglet model. The molecular mechanisms responsible remain unclear.

Objectives: We aimed to identify the insulin- and/or amino acid-signaling components involved in the enhanced stimulation of skeletal muscle by intermittent bolus compared to continuous feeding in neonatal pigs born at term.

Methods: Term piglets (2-3 days old) were fed equal amounts of sow milk replacer [12.8 g protein and 155 kcal/(kg body weight · d)] by orogastric tube as intermittent bolus meals every 4 hours (INT) …

Living Environment Considerations On Obesity Prevention Behaviors And Self-Efficacy Among Chinese Americans, Doreen Liou, Jessica A. Karasik

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

The aim of this study is to ascertain if the living environment (type of residential neighborhood and number of household members) will elucidate differences in obesity risk reduction behaviors and self-efficacy in Chinese Americans. A cross-sectional survey design was used to recruit participants from Los Angeles County and New York City metropolitan areas. A total of 650 adults were recruited from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Descriptive statistics were measured for 19 behaviors reflecting food intake and portion size control and items measuring self-efficacy and attitudes. T-tests were applied for the two categories of living environment. The mean age of the sample …

Third Trimester Plasma Metabolites Associated With Gestational Diabetes: An Ancillary Analysis Of The Healthy Beginnings Trial, Rodrigo D. Rosario

Master's Theses

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) results in complications affecting both mother and child. The implementation of metabolomics to assess metabolite alterations is needed to better understand its etiology. Prior research by our lab in first trimester samples of GDM patients indicated altered fatty acid utilization and purine degradation products.

Objective: Metabolomics analysis was conducted on third trimester (28 -35 weeks) plasma samples to observe differences associated with GDM.

Methods: Fifty samples taken from the Healthy Beginnings trial and their corresponding data were included in the study. Plasma samples were analyzed using UPLC-MS with metabolomic assays for primary metabolomics, aminomics, and …

Tcf7l2 Genetic Variants Do Not Influence Insulin Sensitivity Or Secretion Indices In Autoantibody-Positive Individuals At Risk For Type 1 Diabetes, Maria J Redondo, Megan V Warnock, Ingrid M Libman, Laura E Bocchino, David Cuthbertson, Susan Geyer, Alberto Pugliese, Andrea K Steck, Carmella Evans-Molina, Dorothy Becker, Jay M Sosenko, Fida Bacha, Type 1 Diabetes Trialnet Study Group

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: We aimed to test whether type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated TCF7L2 genetic variants affect insulin sensitivity or secretion in autoantibody-positive relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research design and methods: We studied autoantibody-positive TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (N = 1,061) (mean age 16.3 years) with TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information and baseline oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to calculate indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion. With Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, P values < 0.0086 were considered statistically significant.

Results: None, one, and two T2D-linked TCF7L2 alleles were present in 48.1%, 43.9%, and 8.0% of the participants, respectively. Insulin sensitivity …

The Role Of Gip Receptor In The Cns For The Pathogenesis Of Obesity, Makoto Fukuda

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide) is a hormone produced in the upper gut and secreted to the circulation in response to the ingestion of foods, especially fatty foods. Growing evidence supports the physiological and pharmacological relevance of GIP in obesity. In an obesity setting, inhibition of endogenous GIP or its receptor leads to decreased energy intake, increased energy expenditure, or both, eventually causing weight loss. Further, supraphysiological dosing of exogenous long-lasting GIP agonists alters energy balance and has a marked antiobesity effect. This remarkable yet paradoxical antiobesity effect is suggested to occur primarily via the …

Opportunities To Address Obesity Disparities Among High-Risk Latino Children And Adolescents, Erica G Soltero, Teresia M O'Connor, Deborah Thompson, Gabriel Q Shaibi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose of review: This review highlights obesity-related disparities among Latino children and adolescents, discusses the social determinants of health (SDoH) that drive disparities, and presents case studies of strategies for reducing disparities and promoting health equity.

Recent findings: Recommended strategies for reducing obesity-related disparities include the use of culturally grounded programming, multi-sector collaborations, and technology. We present two exemplar studies that demonstrate that integrating cultural values and enhancing the overall cultural fit of prevention programs can increase engagement among high-risk Latino families. We also examine the use of multi-sector collaborations to build community capacity and address key SDoH that impact …

Theoretical Mediators Of Diabetes Risk And Quality Of Life Following A Diabetes Prevention Program For Latino Youth With Obesity, Erica G Soltero, Stephanie L Ayers, Marvyn A Avalos, Armando Peña, Allison N Williams, Micah L Olson, Yolanda P Konopken, Felipe G Castro, Kimberly J Arcoleo, Colleen S Keller, Donald L Patrick, Justin Jager, Gabriel Q Shaibi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose: This study tested self-efficacy and social support for activity and dietary changes as mediators of changes in type 2 diabetes related outcomes following a lifestyle intervention among Latino youth.

Setting and intervention: Latino adolescents (14-16 years) with obesity (BMI% = 98.1 ± 1.4) were randomized to a 3-month intervention (n = 67) that fostered self-efficacy and social support through weekly, family-centered sessions or a comparison condition (n = 69).

Measures: Primary outcomes included insulin sensitivity and weight specific quality of life. Mediators included self-efficacy, friend, and family social support for health behaviors. Data was collected at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, …

Challenges In Feeding Children Posed By The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review Of Changes In Dietary Intake Combined With A Dietitian's Perspective, Heather Campbell, Alexis C Wood

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose of review: To examine the evidence that the dietary quality of children changed between the period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic and the first year during the pandemic.

Recent findings: A systematic review of the evidence for dietary changes occurring as a result of the pandemic-related restrictions, in Part I of this article, yielded 38 original research articles. These articles had conflicting results, some describing improvements in overall quality and some describing deteriorations. As a whole the studies were characterized by a low study quality, and children were poorly represented. Taken together, these studies do not provide enough evidence to …

Nutrinews: September, 2021, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

This issue features Nutrition Clubs, Diets Don't Work! Here's Why, Lobbying for My Plate, Myth Busting: Intuitive Eating vs. Meal Tracking: Which method works better?, 6 Steps to utilize for a successful semester, A Day in the Life of a College student, Muscadine Grapes: The Forgotten American Fruit

September 2021, Swosu Bulldog Wellness Committee

SWOSU BULLDOG WELLNESS

SWOSU is holding COVID19 Vaccination Clinics on Fridays
through the months of September and October
10 am – 2 pm at the Pioneer Cellular Event Center

• This is open to all students and faculty
• Public walk-ins are welcome
**Appointments are not required, but helpful for vaccine management**
• For questions, call the SWOSU COVID phone line 580-774-3025

Multisite Pain Is Highly Prevalent In Children With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders And Is Associated With Increased Morbidity, Bruno P Chumpitazi, Tonya M Palermo, John M Hollier, Mariella M Self, Danita Czyzewski, Erica M Weidler, Margaret Heitkemper, Robert J Shulman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objectives: To characterize the types of multisite pain experienced by children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and to examine differences in psychosocial distress, functional disability, and health-related quality of life in children with multisite pain vs abdominal pain alone.

Study design: Cross-sectional study of children ages 7-17 years (n = 406) with pediatric Rome III FAPDs recruited from both primary and tertiary care between January 2009 and June 2018. Subjects completed 14-day pain and stool diaries, as well as validated questionnaires assessing abdominal and nonabdominal pain symptoms, anxiety, depression, functional disability, and health-related quality of life.

Results: In total, …

Gestational Diabetes: What About Your Exercise?, Andreana Henry

Symposium of Student Scholars

Previous research on exercise as a form of preventative care to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes has produced conflicting views. When and why exercise is the most beneficial during pregnancy has been widely debated, as well as which trimester exercise is the most effective to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes. It has been argued that if a woman has not previously incorporated exercise into her lifestyle, during pregnancy is not the ideal time to start. Conversely, light to moderate exercise is encouraged to decrease the chances of gestational diabetes, but which gestation period exercise will have the greatest …

Food Deserts: Hungry For Answers, Lawren Cumberbatch

Symposium of Student Scholars

In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that 23.5 million people in the United States live in food deserts. As defined by the USDA, a “food desert” is a neighborhood that lacks healthy food sources. This can be measured by distance to a store, number of stores in an area, individual-level resources such as family income or vehicle availability, and neighborhood-level resources such as availability of public transportation. Past research provides evidence that food deserts are especially likely to occur in communities heavily populated by minorities. As a Black Indian pre-med student aiming to join the world …