Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Blurred Lines: Emerging Practice For Registered Dietitian-Nutritionists In Integrative And Functional Nutrition, Patricia Grace-Farfaglia, Denise L. Pickett-Bernard, Andrea Gorman, Jaleh Dehpahlavan

Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Background This study explored the health philosophy and practice orientation of RDNs in the United States. Methods A randomly selected group of RDNs were recruited to take an online survey using a reduced version of Integrative Medicine practice (IM-30). Confirmatory factor analysis, analyses of variance, and non-parametric tests were used to investigate the relationships between dietetic professionals' personal health philosophy, lifestyle, and orientation to Integrative Medicine. Results Overall construct validity of the IM-26 scale was demonstrated by Cronbach's α with reliabilities ranging from 0.766 to 0.89. Results from chi-square test of goodness-of-fit test (N = 477, χ2 = 228.72, p …

Impact Of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation On Baseline Levels Of Inflammatory Markers In The General Population, Alex Nhan

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Inflammation is a complex physiological response normally initiated by the innate immune system, often as a response to exposure to otherwise harmful stimuli. While generally useful in humans as a protective response to foreign matter, chronically elevated quantities of associated inflammatory factors C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta have been linked in literature with decreased overall lifespan and well-being in humans via inflammatory processes. It is possible that by lowering these associated factors, increased well-being and lifespan may be experienced by the general population. One common health supplement with such promise is fish oil, which, through compounds eicosapentaenoic acid and …

The School Food Environment And Its Association With Dietary Intake Among Rural Adolescents, Hannah F. Hickey

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The school food environment has the ability to increase the consumption of fruit and vegetables in rural adolescents. This study used a survey to allow adolescents in seven rural counties to self-report their fruit and vegetable intake as well as utilizing the USDA Mathematica tool and the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study audits to evaluate what food and beverage products were actually available to adolescents. By using these two measures, associations between fruit and vegetable intake and availability of healthy and unhealthy foods were determined. The availability of healthy snacks and beverages was found to be associated with sugar-sweetened …

Steroids: A Growing Dilemma In Athletics, Seara Ontiveros

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

A comprehensive and straight forward description of what exactly steroids are and what they do to the body is described by Gary Wadler, a health major at the New York University School of Medicine, he comments: “When the receptor sites in their bodies, which don’t have much testosterone in them, suddenly are presented with a lot of testosterone, they get activated…The unbalance of hormones increases the red blood cell formations... They’ll get more muscular, more defined. They’ll lose some fat, and increase their lean body mass, [they’ll] get stronger”. Although anabolic steroids and other hormones are consumed by many athletes …

Association Between Plant-Based Diets And Plasma Lipids: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Yoko Yokohama, Susan Levin, Neal Barnard

Medicine Faculty Publications

Context: Although a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that adoption of a vegetarian diet reduces plasma lipids, the association between vegetarian diets and long-term effects on plasma lipids has not been subjected to meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and clinical trials that have examined associations between plant-based diets and plasma lipids.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles published in English until June 2015.

Study Selection: The literature was searched for controlled trials and observational studies …

Exploring Community-Based Nutrition Education Programs On Children’S Knowledge Of Effective Budgeting And Nutritional Analysis, Danielle Beard, Katie Harris, Charlotte Harrison, Amanda Hawley, Kerri Healy, Ashley Tuttle

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Children from low-income areas, ages 5-18, are at high risk for obesity and other related nutritional issues, partially due to lack of knowledge about effective budgeting and nutritional content analysis. Little information is known about the education provided by current community programs in Hampton Roads for teaching children to 1) shop smart, 2) read nutrition labels, and 3) the importance of eating healthier. We propose a longitudinal (12-week) observational study to determine what community-based education is provided to children on how and why to shop smart and read nutritional content; and to determine whether or not the education is effective. …

Nutritional Status Of Food Insecure Older Adults, Chelsie Walker, Lindsey Asbury, Javier Way, Brent Johnson, Alex Biddle, Courtney Wagner

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Approximately 9.8 million seniors across America were at risk of going hungry in 2015. The percentage of seniors who faced the threat of hunger was equivalent to the percentage of seniors compared with the whole population of the United States. The prevalence rate of hypertension, which contributes to heart attacks and strokes, is over 50%, and the prevalence rate of diabetes is over 25% in seniors. Both heart disease and diabetes are among the top 10 leading causes of death in America with heart disease being number one. Appropriate dieting is recommended as a way to prevent and treat both …

Let Them Eat Beef: Effects Of Beef Consumption On Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome, Kristin L. Olson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To determine the effects of a diet that provides 30% energy from protein with ½ as lean, red meat on risk factors of metabolic syndrome in humans. This pilot study was a 3- month, randomized, control, intervention trial with 33 participants (Beef-Intervention n=18; DASH-Control n=15) who displayed markers of metabolic syndrome. Registered Dietitians Nutritionists recruited and educated participants on Beef-Intervention Lean Beef Pattern, (30% of energy from protein with ½ as lean red meat, 40% carbohydrate, 30% fat) or DASH-Control dietary pattern, (15% of energy from protein, 55% carbohydrate and 30 % fat). Of the 33 participants who completed the …

The Financial Burdens Associated With Managing Pku Dietary Needs As An Adult, Melissa C. Bernzen

Masters Theses

This study was designed to identify the financial burdens associated with purchasing medical foods and the impact this has on the dietary management of adults with PKU. PKU is a genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid, phenylalanine, which occurs in all foods with protein. Dietary treatment of foods low in protein along with medical supplementation is required for the treatment of PKU. If PKU is left untreated this can lead to severe neurological damage. Medical guidelines indicate that dietary treatment is needed for the duration of one's life, but the medical foods needed are expensive …

Recent Analytical Methods For The Analysis Of Sweeteners In Food: A Regulatory Perspective, Romina Shah, Lowri S. De Jager

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Non-nutritive or low calorie sweeteners are commonly used worldwide in the food industry, often in combination in order to limit undesirable tastes. The list of allowable sweeteners varies among countries and it is important for regulatory agencies and food safety laboratories to monitor these highly consumed products to ensure compliance with worldwide regulations. Current analytical methods for confirmation and quantification of sweeteners must allow for confirmation of analyte identity in order to be compatible with today’s standards. Various methods for the determination of non-nutritive sweeteners have been reported in the literature. Th e most common multi-sweetener methods involve high performance …

Cannabinoid Disposition In Oral Fluid After Controlled Smoked, Vaporized, And Oral Cannabis Administration, Madeleine J. Swortwood, Matthew N. Newmeyer, Maria Andersson, Osama A. Abulseoud, Karl B. Scheidweiler, Marilyn A. Huestis

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Oral fluid (OF) is an important matrix for monitoring drugs. Smoking cannabis is common, but vaporization and edible consumption also are popular. OF pharmacokinetics are available for controlled smoked cannabis, but few data exist for vaporized and oral routes. Frequent and occasional cannabis smokers were recruited as participants for four dosing sessions including one active (6.9% Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) or placebo cannabis-containing brownie, followed by one active or placebo cigarette, or one active or placebo vaporized cannabis dose. Only one active dose was administered per session. OF was collected before and up to 54 (occasional) or 72 (frequent) h …

Certain Dyes As Pharmacologically Active Substances In Fish Farming And Other Aquaculture Products, Eric Verdon, Wendy C. Andersen

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

The last 40 years have brought enormous changes to the aquaculture industry. The farming of fish and of seafood products has been continuously increasing from 3.9% by weight in 1970 to 36% in 2006 according to theWorld Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.¹ The global trend of aquaculture development gaining importance in total fish supply has remained uninterrupted. Farmed food fish contributed a record 42.2% of the total 158 million tonnes of fish produced by capture fisheries and aquaculture in 2012 (Figure 9.1). This compares with just 13.4% in 1990 and 25.7% …

Color And Power Doppler Combined With Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (Fine) To Evaluate The Fetal Heart, L. Yeo, R. Romero

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Objective To evaluate the performance of color and bidirectional power Doppler ultrasound combined with Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE) in examining the fetal heart.

Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted of fetuses in the second and third trimesters with a normal heart or with congenital heart disease (CHD). One or more spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) volume datasets, combined with color or bidirectional power Doppler (S-flow) imaging, were acquired in the apical four-chamber view. Each successfully obtained STIC volume was evaluated by STICLoop™ to determine its appropriateness before applying the FINE method. Visualization rates for standard fetal echocardiography views using …

Salmonella Inactivation During Extrusion Of An Oat Flour Model Food, Nathan M. Anderson, Susanne E. Keller, Niharika Mishra, Shannon Pickens, Dana Gradl, Tim Hartter, Galen Rokey, Christopher Dohl, Brian Plattner, Stuart Chirtel, Elizabeth M. Grasso-Kelley

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Little research exists on Salmonella inactivation during extrusion processing, yet many outbreaks associated with low water activity foods since 2006 were linked to extruded foods. The aim of this research was to study Salmonella inactivation during extrusion of a model cereal product. Oat flour was inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, an outbreak strain isolated from puffed cereals, and processed using a single-screw extruder at a feed rate of 75 kg/h and a screw speed of 500 rpm. Extrudate samples were collected from the barrel outlet in sterile bags and immediately cooled in an ice–water bath. Populations were determined using …

An Overview Of The Role Of Mathematical Models In Implementation Of Quality By Design Paradigm For Drug Development And Manufacture, Sharmista Chatterjee, Christine M.V. Moore, Moheb M. Nasr

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

A model is a representation of an underlying physical–chemical phenomenon. In the pharmaceutical industry, mathematical‐based models can be applied at all stages of development, starting with formulation design, continuing through process development and scale‐up, and extending into process monitoring and control of the commercial process. Implementation of models offers many benefits. These include, but are not limited to, (i) enhanced process understanding, (ii) reduction of experimentation cost, and (iii) improvement of productivity and product quality.

Models can be broadly categorized as either qualitative or quantitative. The focus of this chapter is quantitative models. These can be classified into three broad …

The Mechanism Of Cirp In Inhibition Of Keratinocytes Growth Arrest And Apoptosis Following Low Dose Uvb Radiation, Yi Liao, Jianguo Feng, Yi Zhang, Liling Tang, Shiyong Wu

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

UV induces CIRP expression and subsequent Stat3 activation, but the biological function and mechanism of CIRP and Stat3 in mediating UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that CIRP is elevated in all tested melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer cell lines; and the expression of CIRP is upregulated in keratinocytes after being irradiated with relatively low dose (<5 mJ/cm²), but not high dose (50 mJ/cm²), UVB acutely and chronically. The increased expression of CIRP, either induced by UVB or through overexpression, leads to resistance of keratinocytes to UVB-induced growth arrest and …

Monitoring Harm Perceptions Of Smokeless Tobacco Products Among U.S. Adults: Health Information National Trends Survey 2012, 2014, 2015, Shari P. Feirman, Elisabeth A. Donaldson, Mark Parascandola, Kimberly Snyder, Cindy Tworek

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Introduction: Changes to the U.S. smokeless tobacco landscape in recent years include a change to health warnings on packages, the implementation of bans in some stadiums, and the launch of a federal youth pre- vention campaign. It is unclear whether such changes have impacted consumer beliefs about smokeless tobacco. This study examines relative harm perceptions of smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes among adults and assesses changes in smokeless tobacco harm perceptions over time.

Methods: We analyzed data from three cycles (2012, 2014, 2015) of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Using 2015 data, we assessed bivariate associations between smokeless …

Development Of A Reference Database For Assessing Dietary Nitrate In Vegetables, Lauren Blekkenhorst, Richard Prince, Natalie Ward, Kevin Croft, Joshua Lewis, Amanda Devine, Sujata Shinde, Richard Woodman, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Catherine P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Scope: Nitrate from vegetables improves vascular health with short-term intake. Whether this translates into improved long-term health outcomes has yet to be investigated. To enable reliable analysis of nitrate intake from food records, there is a strong need for a comprehensive nitrate content of vegetables database.

Methods and results: A systematic literature search (1980–2016) was performed using Medline, Agricola and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux abstracts databases. The nitrate content of vegetables database contains 4237 records from 255 publications with data on 178 vegetables and 22 herbs and spices. The nitrate content of individual vegetables ranged from Chinese flat cabbage (median; range: …

Influencing Food Choice: Effects Of Stress And Sleep Deprivation On Dietary Habits Of Young Adults, Amy L. Leiferman

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Introduction: Lifelong dietary habits are shaped during young adulthood; hence, preventing poor food choice practices during this period is vital. Stress and sleep deprivation are two important lifestyle elements that affect eating habits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate stress and sleep deprivation as factors contributing to poor dietary choices of college-aged students. Methodology: During finals week, a survey inquiring about sleep duration, perceived stress, and dietary patterns throughout the semester (typical week vs. finals week), was administered to university students (n=83). Fifty-five participants (21 male) provided an ID number, which allowed university-collected demographic and food-purchasing …

Comparing Mindfulness-Enriched Weight Management To Current Standard Practices, Teresa M. Lee

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be effective for numerous diet-related conditions. Mindfulness skills have been theorized to be helpful in improving eating behaviors, and thereby weight management. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a mindfulness-enriched weight management program to a standard weight loss program over the course of a 12-week intervention, and weight maintenance over six months. This was a two-group randomized experimental design. One group received a standard weight loss program, while the other group received the same program with an additional mindfulness component. Follow up assessments were conducted twice at three-month intervals. …