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Articles 60151 - 60180 of 256065

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Socioeconomic And Health Impacts Of Fall Armyworm In Ethiopia, Zewdu Abro, Emily Kimathi, Hugo De Groote, Tadele Tefera, Subramanian Sevgan, Saliou Niassy, Menale Kassie Nov 2021

Socioeconomic And Health Impacts Of Fall Armyworm In Ethiopia, Zewdu Abro, Emily Kimathi, Hugo De Groote, Tadele Tefera, Subramanian Sevgan, Saliou Niassy, Menale Kassie

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Since 2016, fall armyworm (FAW) has threatened sub-Saharan ‘Africa’s fragile food systems and economic performance. Yet, there is limited evidence on this transboundary pest’s economic and food security impacts in the region. Additionally, the health and environmental consequences of the insecticides being used to control FAW have not been studied. This paper presents evidence on the impacts of FAW on maize production, food security, and human and environmental health. We use a combination of an agroecology-based community survey and nationally representative data from an agricultural household survey to achieve our objectives. The results indicate that the pest causes an average …

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Pollinator Supplementation Mitigates Pollination Deficits In Smallholder Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) Production Systems In Kenya, Rose Nyakemiso Sagwe, Marcell K. Peters, Thomas Dubois, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, H. Michael G. Lattorff Nov 2021

Pollinator Supplementation Mitigates Pollination Deficits In Smallholder Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) Production Systems In Kenya, Rose Nyakemiso Sagwe, Marcell K. Peters, Thomas Dubois, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, H. Michael G. Lattorff

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a major horticultural crop that relies on insect mediated pollination. In avocado production, a knowledge gap exists as to the importance of insect pollination, especially in East African smallholder farms. In this study, conducted in a leading smallholder avocado production region in Kenya, we assessed the dependence of avocado fruit set on insect pollination and whether current smallholder production systems suffer from a deficit in pollination services. Furthermore, we assessed if supplementation with colonies of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) to farms mitigated potential pollination deficits. Our results revealed a very high reliance …

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Efficiencies Of Stationary Sampling Tools For The Tsetse Fly Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes In Western Kenya, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Catherine L. Sole, Christian W.W. Pirk, Daniel K. Masiga, Abdullahi A. Yusuf Nov 2021

Efficiencies Of Stationary Sampling Tools For The Tsetse Fly Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes In Western Kenya, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Catherine L. Sole, Christian W.W. Pirk, Daniel K. Masiga, Abdullahi A. Yusuf

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Monitoring the effectiveness of tsetse fly control interventions that aim to reduce transmission of African trypanosomiasis requires highly efficient sampling tools that can catch flies at low densities. The sticky small target (StS-target) has previously been shown to be more effective in sampling Glossina fuscipes fuscipes compared to the biconical trap. However, its efficiency in terms of the proportion of flies it catches out of those that visit it has not been reported. Furthermore, there are no reports on whether tsetse samples caught using the StS-target can be used for subsequent processes such as molecular tests. In this study, we …

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Mitochondrial Metal Homeostasis: A Look Into Iron And Copper Mobilization Within Mitochondria, Jonathan Dietz Nov 2021

Mitochondrial Metal Homeostasis: A Look Into Iron And Copper Mobilization Within Mitochondria, Jonathan Dietz

Department of Biochemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Cellular iron and copper homeostasis is interdependent with mitochondrial iron and copper homeostasis. Mitochondria must import iron to form iron-sulfur clusters and heme, while it must import copper for usage and storage. These cofactors are incorporated into mitochondrial proteins that support essential functions, including cellular respiration and maintaining redox homeostasis. In turn, mitochondria also provide heme to the cell and enables the biogenesis of cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster containing proteins, while also providing copper when needed. Due to both metals (and their modified species) reactivity, iron and copper are stored and trafficked within the mitochondria carefully. Although these cofactors are crucial …

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Moraxella Species Associated With Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: Detection, Characterization, And Immunity, Matthew M. Hille Nov 2021

Moraxella Species Associated With Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: Detection, Characterization, And Immunity, Matthew M. Hille

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) represents the most common ocular disease of cattle. Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) is the only bacteria proven to cause IBK under experimental conditions. A closely related bacteria, Moraxella bovoculi (M. bovoculi) is cultured from IBK lesions more frequently than M. bovis, and is suspected to cause IBK, although a causal relationship between M. bovoculi and IBK has not been confirmed experimentally. Two distinct genotypes were recently characterized in M. bovoculi based on whole genome sequencing. Genotype 1 M. bovoculi appears to represent a potential pathogen …

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Qupath Digital Immunohistochemical Analysis Of Placental Tissue, Ashley L. Hein, Maheswari Mukherjee, Geoffrey A. Talmon, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Tara M. Nordgren, Elizabeth Lyden, Corrine K. Hanson, Jesse L. Cox, Annelisse Santiago‑Pintado, Mariam A. Molani, Matthew Van Ormer, Maranda Thompson, Melissa K. Thoene, Aunum Akhter, Ann Anderson‑Berry, Ana G. Yuil-Valdes Nov 2021

Qupath Digital Immunohistochemical Analysis Of Placental Tissue, Ashley L. Hein, Maheswari Mukherjee, Geoffrey A. Talmon, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Tara M. Nordgren, Elizabeth Lyden, Corrine K. Hanson, Jesse L. Cox, Annelisse Santiago‑Pintado, Mariam A. Molani, Matthew Van Ormer, Maranda Thompson, Melissa K. Thoene, Aunum Akhter, Ann Anderson‑Berry, Ana G. Yuil-Valdes

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: QuPath is an open‑source digital image analyzer notable for its user‑friendly design, cross‑platform compatibility, and customizable functionality. Since it was first released in 2016, at least 624 publications have reported its use, and it has been applied in a wide spectrum of settings. However, there are currently limited reports of its use in placental tissue. Here, we present the use of QuPath to quantify staining of G‑protein coupled receptor 18 (GPR18), the receptor for the pro‑resolving lipid mediator Resolvin D2, in placental tissue. Methods: Whole slide images of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells stained …

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Overfishing Drives Over One-Third Of All Sharks And Rays Toward A Global Extinction Crisis, Nicholas K. Dulvy, Nathan Pacoureau, Cassandra L. Rigby, Riley A. Pollom, Rima W. Jabado, David A. Ebert, Brittany Finucci, Caroline M. Pollock, Jessica Cheok, Danielle H. Derrick, Katelyn B. Herman, C. Samantha Sherman, Wade J. Vanderwright, Julia M. Lawson, Rachel H.L. Walls, John K. Carlson, Patricia Charvet, Kinattumkara K. Bineesh, Daniel Fernando, Gina M. Ralph, Jay H. Matsushiba, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Sonja V. Fordham, Colin A. Simpfendorfer Nov 2021

Overfishing Drives Over One-Third Of All Sharks And Rays Toward A Global Extinction Crisis, Nicholas K. Dulvy, Nathan Pacoureau, Cassandra L. Rigby, Riley A. Pollom, Rima W. Jabado, David A. Ebert, Brittany Finucci, Caroline M. Pollock, Jessica Cheok, Danielle H. Derrick, Katelyn B. Herman, C. Samantha Sherman, Wade J. Vanderwright, Julia M. Lawson, Rachel H.L. Walls, John K. Carlson, Patricia Charvet, Kinattumkara K. Bineesh, Daniel Fernando, Gina M. Ralph, Jay H. Matsushiba, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Sonja V. Fordham, Colin A. Simpfendorfer

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The scale and drivers of marine biodiversity loss are being revealed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment process. We present the first global reassessment of 1,199 species in Class Chondrichthyes-sharks, rays, and chimeras. The first global assessment (in 2014) concluded that one-quarter (24%) of species were threatened. Now, 391 (32.6%) species are threatened with extinction. When this percentage of threat is applied to Data Deficient species, more than one-third (37.5%) of chondrichthyans are estimated to be threatened, with much of this change resulting from new information. Three species are Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), representing …

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Persistence And Transfer Of Foodborne Pathogens To Sunflower And Pea Shoot Microgreens During Production In Soil-Free Cultivation Matrix, Wenjun Deng, Gina M. Misra, Christopher A. Baker, Kristen E. Gibson Nov 2021

Persistence And Transfer Of Foodborne Pathogens To Sunflower And Pea Shoot Microgreens During Production In Soil-Free Cultivation Matrix, Wenjun Deng, Gina M. Misra, Christopher A. Baker, Kristen E. Gibson

Food Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Microgreens are an emerging salad crop with properties similar to those of sprouted seeds and lettuce. This study aimed to determine bacterial pathogen persistence during microgreen cultivation and transfer from soil-free cultivation matrix (SFCM) to mature microgreens. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Javiana and Listeria monocytogenes were inoculated onto biostrate mats as well as peat SFCM and sampled (day 0). Next, sunflower and pea shoot seeds were planted (day 0) and grown in a controlled environment until the microgreen harvest (day 10). On day 10, SFCM and microgreens were sampled to determine the pathogen levels in the SFCM and the …

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The Effect Of Natural Elicitors And Cold Storage Period On Quality Improvement Of Uae Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera, Cv. Barhi), Fatima Yaaqoub Yousef Al Shaibani Nov 2021

The Effect Of Natural Elicitors And Cold Storage Period On Quality Improvement Of Uae Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera, Cv. Barhi), Fatima Yaaqoub Yousef Al Shaibani

Theses

Date palm is an agricultural crop of economic importance in most Arab countries. Among the different varieties of date palms grown in the United Arab Emirates, the Barhi variety is extremely popular and is often consumed at the bisr stage (first edible stage). However, the major challenge for this fruit at bisr stage is to maintain its quality over a long period after harvest and during marketing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of preharvest spraying with a natural elicitor, namely chitosan (Ch) 1%, alone and in combination with salicylic acid (SA) 2 mM and …

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Comparison Of Three Different Woody Plant Species For Their Ability To Utilize Nutritional Elements Supplied In The Form Of Biosolids And Mineral Fertilizers, Fatima El-Telib Hassan Nov 2021

Comparison Of Three Different Woody Plant Species For Their Ability To Utilize Nutritional Elements Supplied In The Form Of Biosolids And Mineral Fertilizers, Fatima El-Telib Hassan

Theses

Crop production systems of the future will need to focus on recycling rather than flow- through of mineral nutrients. Much of the nutrients that leave agricultural systems with crop products eventually end up in household waste and sewage. Returning nutrientrich products from wastewater treatment to agricultural soils must be done in an environmentally sound and culturally acceptable manner. More than 300,000 hectares of forest have been planted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), consisting mainly of native species, such as Prosopis cineraria (Ghāf) and Vachellia tortilis (Samr). It has been proposed that sewage sludge, the dry residue from wastewater treatment, …

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Subspecific Designation Of The U.S.A. Interior Highlands Population Of Argynnis (Speyeria) Diana (Cramer, 1777) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Argynnini: Argynnina), Harry Pavulaan Nov 2021

Subspecific Designation Of The U.S.A. Interior Highlands Population Of Argynnis (Speyeria) Diana (Cramer, 1777) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Argynnini: Argynnina), Harry Pavulaan

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Subspecific designation is designated for the North American Interior Highlands population of Argynnis diana, based on four factors: mtDNA haplotype differences from nominotypical A. diana of the Appalachian Mountains; wing shape difference in the males between both regions; wing size of the adults; and tendency for females of the Interior Highlands to show tan coloration in the submarginal row of rectangular spots of the subapical region of the dorsal forewings.

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Nutrient Cycling In Tropical And Temperate Coastal Waters: Is Latitude Making A Difference?, Christian Lønborg, Moritz Müller, Edward C. V. Butler, Shan Jiang, Seng Keat Ooi, Dieu Huong Trinh, Pui Yee Wong, Suryati M. Ali, Chun Cui, Wee Boon Siong, Erik S. Yando, Daniel A. Friess, Judith A. Rosentreter, Bradley D. Eyre, Patrick Martin Nov 2021

Nutrient Cycling In Tropical And Temperate Coastal Waters: Is Latitude Making A Difference?, Christian Lønborg, Moritz Müller, Edward C. V. Butler, Shan Jiang, Seng Keat Ooi, Dieu Huong Trinh, Pui Yee Wong, Suryati M. Ali, Chun Cui, Wee Boon Siong, Erik S. Yando, Daniel A. Friess, Judith A. Rosentreter, Bradley D. Eyre, Patrick Martin

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Tropical coastal waters are highly dynamic and amongst the most biogeochemically active zones in the ocean. This review compares nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles in temperate and tropical coastal waters. We review the literature to identify major similarities and differences between these two regions, specifically with regards to the impact of environmental factors (temperature, sunlight), riverine inputs, groundwater, lateral fluxes, atmospheric deposition, nitrogen fixation, organic nutrient cycling, primary production, respiration, sedimentary burial, denitrification and anammox. Overall, there are some similarities but also key differences in nutrient cycling, with differences relating mainly to temperature, sunlight, and precipitation amounts and patterns. …

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Type Locality Of Polyommatus Lucia (W. Kirby, 1837) (Lycaenidae: Polyomatinae) With An Inspection Of The Species' Phenotypic Expression, Norbert G. Kondla, Harry Pavulaan, David M. Wright Nov 2021

Type Locality Of Polyommatus Lucia (W. Kirby, 1837) (Lycaenidae: Polyomatinae) With An Inspection Of The Species' Phenotypic Expression, Norbert G. Kondla, Harry Pavulaan, David M. Wright

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The type locality of Polyommatus lucia was not clearly defined by W. Kirby (1837) and been improperly interpreted as Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, Canada by several authors. The present paper examines the circumstances surrounding the collection of the specimen described and illustrated by William Kirby, and determines the type locality is Fort Carlton Provincial Park, Saskatchewan. The habitat, flora, and phenotypic expression of Celestrina lucia (W. Kirby) near the type locality are presented.

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Health - Promoting Benefits (Antioxidants, Antihypertensive, Antidiabetic) And Probiotic Survivability Of Fermented Camel Milk After In - Vitro Digestion By Infogest 2.0: Comparative Study With Fermented Bovine Milk, Ahlam Faisal Al Hammadi Nov 2021

Health - Promoting Benefits (Antioxidants, Antihypertensive, Antidiabetic) And Probiotic Survivability Of Fermented Camel Milk After In - Vitro Digestion By Infogest 2.0: Comparative Study With Fermented Bovine Milk, Ahlam Faisal Al Hammadi

Theses

This study investigated probiotic survival and biological functionality of the bio accessible fraction of fermented Camel milk (FCM) and fermented Bovine milk (FBM) after in - vitro digestion using INFOGEST 2.0 model. Both Camel and Bovine milk were fermented by starter culture only (SC), probiotic Lactococcus lactis (Pro), and a mixture of SC+Pro followed by storage for 21 days. The obtained water - soluble extract (WSE), excreta, and bio accessible fraction during the in - vitro digestion were assessed for it's health benefits. The probiotic survival, proteolysis rate, antioxidant activities, ability to inhibit Į - Amylase and Į - Glucosidase, …

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Improving Phytoremediation Of Oil Polluted Soil In The Uae Using Acc Deaminase Producing Bacteria Under Arid Conditions, Maitha Mubarak Almansoori Nov 2021

Improving Phytoremediation Of Oil Polluted Soil In The Uae Using Acc Deaminase Producing Bacteria Under Arid Conditions, Maitha Mubarak Almansoori

Theses

Many 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing and oil-degrading rhizosphere actinobacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated soils in the United Arab Emirates. These actinobacterial isolates were further selected based on their ability to solubilize phosphorus, to produce siderophores, and to produce plant growth regulators (PGRs) including auxins and polyamines. The ability of the most-promising isolate #20 (Streptomyces sp.) to promote the growth of the hyper-accumulating plants “Bermuda grass” in soil polluted with Light Arabian Crude Oil (LACO) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, the application of the strongest Streptomyces sp. #20 which exhibited the maximum production of ACC deaminase and …

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Neurotoxicological Effects Of Chlorpyrifos And Deltamethrin On Dopamine And Acetylcholine Systems In Drosophila Melanogaster, Hala Husam Abdul Baki Nov 2021

Neurotoxicological Effects Of Chlorpyrifos And Deltamethrin On Dopamine And Acetylcholine Systems In Drosophila Melanogaster, Hala Husam Abdul Baki

Theses

Emerging evidence suggests a positive association between pesticide exposure and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) development. The molecular mechanisms of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases are not fully understood, which hinders the development of therapeutic agents to cure or prevent the development of such diseases. Drosophila has been widely used as a model organism to study various neurodegenerative diseases and to screen for promising therapeutic agents. The aims of this study were: (i) investigating the toxic effect of 24 hours exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) and deltamethrin (DLM) on the dopaminergic system and AChE activity in Drosophila melanogaster; (ii) comparing different methodologies …

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Abiotic Stress Effect On Growth And Photosynthetic Characteristics In Emirati Date Palm Varieties, Nasser Abdullah Ghdayer Al Kaabi Nov 2021

Abiotic Stress Effect On Growth And Photosynthetic Characteristics In Emirati Date Palm Varieties, Nasser Abdullah Ghdayer Al Kaabi

Theses

Plants are naturally exposed to various environmental stresses that affect their growth and development. As a desert plant, date palm has developed strategies to protect itself from most abiotic stresses. However, projected climate changes and the interaction between the various abiotic stressors will have profound effects on date palm adaptation and production. In the present study, five date palm cultivars, namely Chichi, Kalas, Nabt Saif, Sultana and Zamli, were initially evaluated for salinity tolerance by measuring the growth parameters such as plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots and roots. Based on the obtained results, Sultana and Zamli …

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Role Of Autophagy In Acridocarpus Orientalis-Induced Anti-Breast Cancer Activity, Suhib Hisham Ahmed Saeed Altabbal Nov 2021

Role Of Autophagy In Acridocarpus Orientalis-Induced Anti-Breast Cancer Activity, Suhib Hisham Ahmed Saeed Altabbal

Theses

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), which lacks the expression of the hormonal Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR), and the amplification of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), is not responsive to the hormonal therapy. Therefore, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which cause severe side effects, are the current available choices to treat TNBC. Hence, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic choices for TNBC. It is estimated that 50% of all drugs in clinical use during the 21st century are natural products and plants derived. …

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Livestock Ticks In The Uae: Prevalence, Distribution, Population Dynamics, And Associated Microorganisms, Nighat Perveen Nov 2021

Livestock Ticks In The Uae: Prevalence, Distribution, Population Dynamics, And Associated Microorganisms, Nighat Perveen

Dissertations

Ticks are important vectors of an array of viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens resulting in a wide range of animal and human diseases in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In this study, ticks were collected from camels, cows, sheep, and goats in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objectives of the study were to (1) identify tick species of livestock through taxonomic keys and using molecular markers, and determine their prevalence and distribution in the UAE, (2) assess Hyalomma dromedarii seasonal population fluctuation over a year under common camel breeding and management …

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Molecular Mechanism Of Action Of The Natural Polyphenolic Compound And The P300 Inhibitor “Carnosol” Against The Triple Negative Breast Cance, Halima Ali Mohammed Salem Alsamri Nov 2021

Molecular Mechanism Of Action Of The Natural Polyphenolic Compound And The P300 Inhibitor “Carnosol” Against The Triple Negative Breast Cance, Halima Ali Mohammed Salem Alsamri

Dissertations

Carnosol, a naturally occurring Phyto polyphenol found in sage, oregano, and rosemary, has been extensively studied by our laboratory for its anticancer effects in various types of cancer. In human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), carnosol was shown to inhibit cellular viability, colony growth, induced cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Nonetheless, very little is known about the molecular mechanism of action. In the current study, the ability of carnosol to inhibit metastasis and tumour growth was examined. Wound healing and invasion assays revealed that carnosol inhibited migration and invasion at non-cytotoxic concentrations of MDA-MB-231 cells. Also, carnosol was found to …

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Impact Of Date-Pit Activated Carbon In Different Applications: Biomedical And Environment, Betty Titus Mathew Nov 2021

Impact Of Date-Pit Activated Carbon In Different Applications: Biomedical And Environment, Betty Titus Mathew

Dissertations

Activated carbon (AC) or activated charcoal are black carbonaceous porous solid material with prominent physico-chemical properties such as low volume pore size distribution, high specific surface area, and high-degree of surface reactivity for adsorption and other chemicals reactions. AC as strong and reliable adsorbent have been reported to be employed in diverse applications stretching from water/air purification, medical, sewage treatment, energy storage devices, catalyst, supercapacitor electrodes fabrication, and as biosensors component. In this current work, AC was produced from date pits, which is a common biological waste product in UAE, and used for biomedical and environmental applications instead of using …

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Reduced Toxicity Of Centruroides Vittatus (Say, 1821) May Result From Lowered Sodium Β Toxin Gene Expression And Toxin Protein Production, Aimee Bowman, Chloe Fitzgerald, Jeff Pummill, Douglas D. Rhoads, Tsunemi Yamashita Nov 2021

Reduced Toxicity Of Centruroides Vittatus (Say, 1821) May Result From Lowered Sodium Β Toxin Gene Expression And Toxin Protein Production, Aimee Bowman, Chloe Fitzgerald, Jeff Pummill, Douglas D. Rhoads, Tsunemi Yamashita

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Body tissue and venom glands from an eastern population of the scorpion Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821) were homogenized and molecular constituents removed to characterize putative sodium beta toxin gene diversity, RT-qPCR, transcriptomic, and proteomic variation. We cloned sodium beta toxins from genomic DNA, conducted RT-qPCR experiments with seven sodium beta toxin variants, performed venom gland tissue RNA-seq, and isolated venom proteins for mass spectrophotometry. We identified >70 putative novel sodium beta toxin genes, 111 toxin gene transcripts, 24 different toxin proteins, and quantified sodium beta toxin gene expression variation among individuals and between sexes. Our analyses contribute to the growing …

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Propagation Of A De Novo Gene Under Natural Selection: Antifreeze Glycoprotein Genes And Their Evolutionary History In Codfishes, Xuan Zhuang, C.-H. Christina Cheng Nov 2021

Propagation Of A De Novo Gene Under Natural Selection: Antifreeze Glycoprotein Genes And Their Evolutionary History In Codfishes, Xuan Zhuang, C.-H. Christina Cheng

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The de novo birth of functional genes from non-coding DNA as an important contributor to new gene formation is increasingly supported by evidence from diverse eukaryotic lineages. However, many uncertainties remain, including how the incipient de novo genes would continue to evolve and the molecular mechanisms underlying their evolutionary trajectory. Here we address these questions by investigating evolutionary history of the de novo antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) gene and gene family in gadid (codfish) lineages. We examined AFGP phenotype on a phylogenetic framework encompassing a broad sampling of gadids from freezing and non-freezing habitats. In three select species representing different AFGP-bearing …

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Effects Of Herbal Adaptogen Feed-Additive On Growth Performance, Carcass Parameters, And Muscle Amino Acid Profile In Heat-Stressed Modern Broilers, Elizabeth S. Greene, Clay Maynard, Casey M. Owens, Jean-Francois Meullenet, Sami Dridi Nov 2021

Effects Of Herbal Adaptogen Feed-Additive On Growth Performance, Carcass Parameters, And Muscle Amino Acid Profile In Heat-Stressed Modern Broilers, Elizabeth S. Greene, Clay Maynard, Casey M. Owens, Jean-Francois Meullenet, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Heat stress has strong adverse effects on poultry production and, thereby, threats its sustainability, which energized scientists to search for innovative and effective solutions. Here, we undertook this study to evaluate the effects of in-feed herbal adaptogen (stress response modifier) supplementation on growth performances, meat quality, and breast amino acid profile in chronic cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Day-old male Cobb 500 chicks (n = 720) were randomly assigned, in environmental chambers (n = 12, 24 pens), to three diet-treatments: a three-phase corn-soybean based diet fed as such (Control, C), or supplemented with the herbal adaptogen at 500 g/1000 kg …

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Research Note: Evaluation Of Quinine As A Chemoprophylactic Candidate Against Histomoniasis In Turkeys, L. C. Beer, B. M. Hargis, C. N. Vuong Nov 2021

Research Note: Evaluation Of Quinine As A Chemoprophylactic Candidate Against Histomoniasis In Turkeys, L. C. Beer, B. M. Hargis, C. N. Vuong

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Histomoniasis, also commonly referred to as blackhead disease, is caused by the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis. Since the removal of nitarsone in 2015, no approved prophylactics are available for mitigating histomoniasis. Disease incidence and high mortalities are frequently associated with turkey flocks, although infection of broiler breeders also occurs. Quinine is a naturally occurring alkaloid with antimalarial properties. In vitro assays have shown strong antihistomonal properties of quinine, leading to our hypothesis that quinine inclusion within the feed could prevent histomoniasis in turkeys. Selected concentrations of quinine were included within a turkey starter diet to evaluate effects on body …

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Microbiota From Specific Pathogen-Free Mice Reduces Campylobacter Jejuni Chicken Colonization, Ayidh Almansour, Ying Fu, Tahrir Jatli Alenezi, Mohit Bansal, Bilal Alrubaye, Hong Wang, Xiaolun Sun Nov 2021

Microbiota From Specific Pathogen-Free Mice Reduces Campylobacter Jejuni Chicken Colonization, Ayidh Almansour, Ying Fu, Tahrir Jatli Alenezi, Mohit Bansal, Bilal Alrubaye, Hong Wang, Xiaolun Sun

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Campylobacter jejuni, a prevalent foodborne bacterial pathogen, is mainly transmitted from poultry with few effective prevention approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on C. jejuni chicken colonization. Microbiota from specific pathogen-free (SPF) mouse stools were collected as SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe. Birds were colonized with SPF-Aerobe or SPF-Anaerobe at day 0 and infected with C. jejuni AR101 at day 12. Notably, C. jejuni AR101 colonized at 5.3 and 5.6 log(10) C. jejuni CFU/g chicken cecal digesta at days 21 and 28, respectively, while both SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe microbiota reduced pathogen colonization. Notably, SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe …

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Editorial: Fresh Faces, A New Look, And A Bright Future For Lajam, Miriam Marmontel, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske Nov 2021

Editorial: Fresh Faces, A New Look, And A Bright Future For Lajam, Miriam Marmontel, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Low Tunnels For Field Cut Flower Production, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Brent Black, Dan Drost Nov 2021

Low Tunnels For Field Cut Flower Production, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Brent Black, Dan Drost

All Current Publications

Cut flower production in Utah can be limited by cold winters, late-spring freezes, daily temperature fluctuations, canyon winds, and intense sunlight. For growers who lack the space to construct a high tunnel, low tunnels can advance, extend, and improve seasonal production. Temperature increases from low tunnels during winter and spring can increase emergence and yield compared to unprotected beds, but require venting to avoid heat damage. During summer, low tunnels easily transition into shade structures that provide cooling and protection from the sun. This fact sheet describes a simple and cost-effective low tunnel design with metal-conduit hoops that are tall …

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The Race To Fifty Feet: An Effort To Determine The Benefits Of Deepening The Mississippi River, Brian Miles Nov 2021

The Race To Fifty Feet: An Effort To Determine The Benefits Of Deepening The Mississippi River, Brian Miles

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This research examined the benefits and drawbacks of deepening the Lower Mississippi River to fifty feet. It established that the deepening of the Lower Mississippi River will impact not only the local area but also the inland regions that rely on the river systems and lower river ports for product movement. The perspectives of vessel operators, maritime industry experts and charterers are provided to offer insight. The sources for the research include educational literature, maritime research and interviews of industry experts. Based on this research, it is clear that this project will benefit many parties. The beneficiaries will include both …

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Using Exercise As A Stress Management Technique During The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Differences Between Men And Women In College, Lucas D. Elliott, Oliver W. A. Wilson, Kelsey Holland, Melissa Bopp Oct 2021

Using Exercise As A Stress Management Technique During The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Differences Between Men And Women In College, Lucas D. Elliott, Oliver W. A. Wilson, Kelsey Holland, Melissa Bopp

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(5): 1234-1246, 2021. Psychological stress is a major concern in college students and can lead to negative mental and physical health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological stress. Using exercise as a stress management technique has been shown to have a large effect in preventing and treating psychological stress. This study attempts to understand the gender differences between how using exercise as a stress management technique predicts perceived stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students completed an online survey to self-report their stress management techniques, perceived stress (PSS-10), grade point average (GPA) and demographics …

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