Life Sciences Commons^™

The Seasonal Botanical Composition, Calcium And Phosphorus Content Of Kikuyu Oversown With Ryegrass And Clover, Philip R. Botha, Robin Meeske, Hennie A. Snyman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) is one of the major grasses used for summer and autumn grazing in the Southern Cape coast area of South Africa. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum spp.), perennial white (Trifolium repens) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) can be incorporated into an existing kikuyu stand to improve pasture quality and spring production. The aim of this study was to determine the persistence of these species and effects on the calcium and phosphorus content of kikuyu (K), kikuyu oversown with annual ryegrass (KR), kikuyu oversown with a mixture of perennial ryegrass (L. …

Varietal Differences In Perennial Ryegrass For Fructan Metabolism And Their Relationship To Grazing Tolerance, B. Lasseur, J. Lothier, A. Morvan-Bertrand, M. O. Humphreys, M. P. Prud'homme

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important grass in Europe; it often is defoliated. The link between fructan metabolism and defoliation tolerance has been studied in 2 Lolium perenne varieties, Aurora (high sugar perennial) and Perma (low-to-normal sugar perennial) (Turner et al., 2002).

Variability In Quantity And Composition Of Water Soluble Carbohydrates Among Irish Accessions And European Varieties Of Perennial Ryegrass, S. Mcgrath, S. Barth, A. Frohlich, M. Francioso, S. A. Lamorte, T. R. Hodkinson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to identify perennial ryegrass accessions displaying high fructose and glucose contents and an improved ratio between fructose and glucose fractions across different time points throughout the year. Fructose and glucose are the main constituents of the water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) fraction in perennial ryegrass. For animal nutrition the amount of WSC is crucial as it is the primary energy source available to metabolise the intake of plant protein. The ratio between fructose and glucose fractions is important since fructosan chains, which are an excellent energy source for ruminants, are built from fructose. Furthermore the …

Breeding Of Cms-F1-Hybrids In Lolium Perenne With Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency, W. Luesink, B. Ingwersen, L. Wolters, J. De Riek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The environmental pollution by nitrogen losses from dairy farms can be reduced by improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of grass varieties. The main goal is to develop varieties with a better nitrogen utilisation. These low input varieties can produce acceptable yields at a low level of N-fertilisation. High input varieties express their high yield potential only at high N-supply. These varieties are less preferable, because N- losses increase at higher levels of nitrogen application. The breeding of CMS-F1-Hybrids can be a successful strategy for developing varieties with a higher NUE. In F1-Hybrid varieties higher heterosis effects can be achieved …

A Survey Of European Regional Adaptation In Italian Ryegrass Varieties, T. J. Gilliland, A. J. P. Van Wijk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ryegrass is widely adapted to cool temperate eco-zones and breeders often submit individual varieties for testing in a number of EU countries. National testing programmes often combine data from several trial sites that may differ climatically, but not from sites in other member states, despite the possibility of high ecological similarity. Given increasing interest in animal value characters (soluble sugars, lipids, sward geometry), additional testing for these would be valuable but is prohibited by capped or declining funding. Data sharing between EU national authorities could be advantageous but is inhibited by the lack of statistically valid data on the sensitivity …

Milk Production Potential Of Different Dairy Pasture Types In Southern Australia, J. Tharmaraj, D. F. Chapman, Z. N. Nie, A. P. Lane

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The growth rate of traditional perennial ryegrass-based pastures commonly fails to meet herd feed requirements through winter and summer in non-irrigated dairy systems in southern Australia. Alternative pasture species can improve seasonal feed supply in this region (Tharmaraj & Chapman, 2005). However, the feeding value and milk production of these pastures must at least match perennial ryegrass if they are to be adopted successfully on dairy farms. This paper reports results of a comparison of the milk production potential of pasture types similar to those investigated by Tharmaraj & Chapman (2005) for their agronomic performance.

Effect Of Strain Of Holstein-Friesian Cow And Feed System On Reproductive Performance In Seasonal-Calving Milk Production Systems Over Four Years, B. Horan, J. F. Mee, Myles Rath, P. O'Connor, P. Dillon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Ireland most dairy farms operate seasonal calving grass-based milk production systems. Feed demand and supply are matched by having calving highly concentrated in spring. This requires high pregnancy rates within a short time following the start of mating in late April or early May, but has become increasingly difficult to achieve due to declining fertility in Irish dairy herds (Mee, 2004). In New Zealand, cows of North American Holstein-Friesian origin have poorer fertility than New Zealand Holstein-Friesians on pasture-based seasonal calving systems (Harris & Kolver, 2001). The present study sought to determine the effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian (HF) …

Phenotype X Herbage Allowance Interactions In Reproduction Of First Calf Heifers Grazing Semiarid Rangeland, J. W. Holloway, B. G. Warrington, M. K. Owens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle are differentially adapted to nutritional environments. The most sensitive measure of adaptation is reproduction of first-calf heifers. We studied the role of maturation rate and milk production on reproductive performance of first-calf heifers allowed different levels of herbage in semiarid rangeland.

The Impact Of The Level Of Feed-On-Offer Available To Merino Ewes During Winter-Spring On The Wool Production Of Their Progeny As Adults, Chris Oldham, M. Ferguson, B. Paganoni, A. Thompson, G. Kearney, M. A. Van Burgel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

New opportunities for developing optimum ewe management systems, based on achieving liveweight and body condition score (CS) targets at critical stages of the reproductive cycle, have emerged from the acceptance that nutrition during pregnancy can have substantial impacts on the lifetime wool performance of the progeny (Kelly et al,. 1996). However, most studies of the impacts of nutrition on foetal growth and development tended to focus on late pregnancy and have also only considered extreme nutritional regimes often outside the boundaries of commercial reality. Hence, the Lifetime Wool team (Thompson & Oldham, 2004) conducted dose-response experiments to determine the …

Effects Of Forage Chicory (Cichorium Intybus) On Farmed Deer Growth And Internal Parasitism, S. O. Hoskin, P. R. Wilson, W. E. Pomroy, T. N. Barry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Internal parasitism (particularly lungworm - Dictyocaulus sp) significantly limits post-weaning growth of deer. Endoparasite control using anthelmintics may be unsustainable, due to the increasing risk of anthelmintic resistance and the risk or perception of chemical residues in animal products. Chicory has a high feeding value and contains sesquiterpene lactones and low levels of condensed tannins, both with anti-parasitic activity (Molan et al., 2003). Grazing chicory during autumn may reduce the requirement for anthelmintic treatment of young deer compared with grazing ryegrass-based pasture (Hoskin et al., 1999). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of withholding …

Smokejumper Obituary: Reay, David "Bruce" (Idaho City 1958), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

Smokejumper Obituary: Evans, Randy O. (Mccall 1977), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

Smokejumper Obituary: Marsh, John Clifford (Idaho City 1966), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

Data Mining The C. Elegans Transcriptome For Regulators Of Longevity And Aging: A Multiple-Analysis Approach, Jay Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Transcriptional profiling is extensively used to produce a snapshot of gene and pathway activity in a sample at a specific point in time, by utilizing high-throughput sequencing to quantify total gene expression at the transcript level. An isogenic panel of C. elegans longevity mutants, supplemented with a panel of RNAi gene-knockdowns known to convey longevity, both at an assortment of ages, was analyzed in an effort to elucidate transcriptional signatures of both longevity and aging in nematodes. Included in this panel was age-1(mg44) F2, a well-documented mutant characterized by extreme longevity. Genes that were highly differentially expressed between age-1(mg44) F2 …

Examining Whether And How Instructional Coordination Occurs Within Introductory Undergraduate Stem Courses, Brian A. Couch, Luanna B. Prevost, Marilyne Stains, Blake Whitt, Ariel E. Marcy, Naneh Apkarian, Melissa H. Dancy, Charles Henderson, Estrella Johnson, Jeffrey R. Raker, Brandon J. Yik, Brittnee Earl, Susan E. Shadle, John Skvoretz, John P. Ziker

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Instructors’ interactions can foster knowledge sharing around teaching and the use of research-based instructional strategies (RBIS). Coordinated teaching presents an impetus for instructors’ interactions and creates opportunities for instructional improvement but also potentially limits an instructor’s autonomy. In this study, we sought to characterize the extent of coordination present in introductory undergraduate courses and to understand how departments and instructors implement and experience course coordination. We examined survey data from 3,641 chemistry, mathematics, and physics instructors at three institution types and conducted follow-up interviews with a subset of 24 survey respondents to determine what types of coordination existed, what factors …

Lesson Plans In Astronomy, Ecology And Biology, Admin Stem For Success

STEM for Success Showcase

This document contains various lesson plan ideas for concepts within the fields of biology, ecology, astronomy, and geology.

Climate Change, Admin Stem For Success

STEM for Success Showcase

This lesson plan teaches students about climate change and its effect on animals and insects. Students can then participate in a climate change fact or myth game and a climate change Pictionary game.

Dataset Of Rna-Seq Transcriptome Of The Fetal Liver At Day 83 Of Gestation Associated With Periconceptual Maternal Nutrition In Beef Heifers, Wellison J.S. Diniz, Alison K. Ward, Kacie L. Mccathy, Cierrah J. Kassetas, Friederike Baumgaertner, Lawrence P. Reynolds, Pawel P. Borowicz, Kevin K. Sedivec, James D. Kirsch, Sheri T. Dorsam, Tammi L. Neville, J. Chris Forcherio, Ronald Scott, Joel S. Caton, Carl R. Dahlen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Herein, we present a dataset based on the RNA-Seq analysis of liver tissue from bovine female fetuses at day 83 of gestation. The findings were reported in the main article, “Periconceptual maternal nutrition affects fetal liver programming of energy- and lipid-related genes”[1] . These data were generated to investigate the effects of periconceptual maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation and rates of body weight gain on the transcript abundance of genes associated with fetal hepatic metabolism and function. To this end, crossbred Angus beef heifers ( n = 35) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 ×2 …

Prevalence And Predictors Of Intern-Related Burnout In Dietetics Preceptors, Holly Hopkins

Theses and Dissertations

Dietetics preceptors are at risk for abandoning the role of preceptor because of potential burnout. Quantifying the prevalence of burnout and identifying the predictors of burnout can help key stakeholders identify and implement strategies that prevent or mitigate burnout in dietetics preceptors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intern-related burnout in dietetics preceptors and to identify the predictors of this burnout. This study used a cross-sectional study design. A survey instrument that included burnout and precepting measures, and items about the respondents’ personal and work characteristics was distributed to a random sample of 10,000 dietetics …

Forest Understory Plant Community Response To Prescribed Fire And Mechanical Thinning Treatments, Noelle V. Zenger

Theses and Dissertations

Much of the biodiversity in a forest comes from the understory vegetation. However, centuries of fire suppression in the western United States have made human-implemented disturbance necessary for reinstating natural disturbance cycles. However, the mechanical thinning and prescribed burning treatments used by land managers may differentially affect the response of the understory community. This study aimed to compare how prescribed fire and mechanical thinning treatments, with the size and severity of those treatments, affect understory plant communities in aspen-conifer forests over time. We sampled the understory community in burned, mechanically thinned, and untreated forest stands one, three, or five years …

Plant Maze, Admin Stem For Success

STEM for Success Showcase

Students plant bean sprouts to observe their growth.

Tomatosphere, Admin Stem For Success

STEM for Success Showcase

Students learn about plant growth and the scientific process

Cancer-Specific Perturbations To Arginine Metabolism Blunt Replication And Performance Of Oncolytic Myxoma Virus, Parker Dryja

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is a class of immunotherapy for treatment of malignancy. Using viruses that exhibit natural coincidental tropisms for cancer, or others that have been engineered to the same effect, intentional infection of lesions leads to two therapeutically beneficial effects: (1) direct destruction of the infected tumor through virally-mediated cell lysis, and (2) recruitment of an otherwise blunted or absent anti-cancer immune response to affect both local and disseminated disease. A surfeit of cancer-specific changes are accumulated during progression from first genetic insult to clinical detection, presenting a dramatically altered underlying biology of cell and tissue. The viruses employed …

Biomechanics Locomotion And Predation Escape In Cricket Species, Kira M. Edens

Longwood Senior Thesis Proposal

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Intentions Of Us Based Firefighters To Be Physically Active By Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Patricia Bermudez

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Background: The study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the intentions of Volunteer Firefighters in the USA to engage in physical activity. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs, including Attitudes, Perceived Behavioral Control, Actual Behavioral Control, and Subjective Norms, alongside three new constructs not linked to TPB—Habits, Environmental Factors, and lack of knowledge—as potential predictors of physical activity intentions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between TPB constructs and the newly emerged factors with the intentions of Volunteer Firefighters to be physically active. By understanding these factors, the study sought to shed light on …

The Melanocortin Action Is Biased Toward Protection From Weight Loss In Mice, Hongli Li, Yuanzhong Xu, Yanyan Jiang, Zhiying Jiang, Joshua Otiz-Guzman, Jessie C Morrill, Jing Cai, Zhengmei Mao, Yong Xu, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Cheng Huang, Qingchun Tong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The melanocortin action is well perceived for its ability to regulate body weight bidirectionally with its gain of function reducing body weight and loss of function promoting obesity. However, this notion cannot explain the difficulty in identifying effective therapeutics toward treating general obesity via activation of the melanocortin action. Here, we provide evidence that altered melanocortin action is only able to cause one-directional obesity development. We demonstrate that chronic inhibition of arcuate neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or paraventricular hypothalamic neurons expressing melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) causes massive obesity. However, chronic activation of these neuronal populations failed to reduce body weight. …

Cancer Cell-Extrinsic Roles For The Androgen Receptor In Prostate Cancer, Andrew W Hahn, Bilal A Siddiqui, Javier Leo, Eleonora Dondossola, Kaitlin J Basham, Cindy K Miranti, Daniel E Frigo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Given the central role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cell biology, AR-targeted therapies have been the backbone of prostate cancer treatment for over 50 years. New data indicate that AR is expressed in additional cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, targeting AR for the treatment of prostate cancer has established side effects such as bone complications and an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease, indicating broader roles for AR. With the advent of novel technologies, such as single-cell approaches and advances in preclinical modeling, AR has been identified to have clinically significant functions in other cell …

Stranger Things: New Roles And Opportunities For Androgen Receptor In Oncology Beyond Prostate Cancer, Javier Leo, Eleonora Dondossola, Kaitlin J Basham, Nathaniel R Wilson, Omar Alhalabi, Jianjun Gao, Katherine C Kurnit, Michael G White, Jennifer L Mcquade, Shannon N Westin, Elizabeth A Wellberg, Daniel E Frigo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The androgen receptor (AR) is one of the oldest therapeutic targets in oncology and continues to dominate the treatment landscape for advanced prostate cancer, where nearly all treatment regimens include some form of AR modulation. In this regard, AR remains the central driver of prostate cancer cell biology. Emerging preclinical and clinical data implicate key roles for AR in additional cancer types, thereby expanding the importance of this drug target beyond prostate cancer. In this mini-review, new roles for AR in other cancer types are discussed as well as their potential for treatment with AR-targeted agents. Our understanding of these …

Ether Phospholipids Are Required For Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis, Ziheng Chen, I-Lin Ho, Melinda Soeung, Er-Yen Yen, Jintan Liu, Liang Yan, Johnathon L Rose, Sanjana Srinivasan, Shan Jiang, Q Edward Chang, Ningping Feng, Jason P Gay, Qi Wang, Jing Wang, Philip L Lorenzi, Lucas J Veillon, Bo Wei, John N Weinstein, Angela K Deem, Sisi Gao, Giannicola Genovese, Andrea Viale, Wantong Yao, Costas A Lyssiotis, Joseph R Marszalek, Giulio F Draetta, Haoqiang Ying

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mitochondria are hubs where bioenergetics, redox homeostasis, and anabolic metabolism pathways integrate through a tightly coordinated flux of metabolites. The contributions of mitochondrial metabolism to tumor growth and therapy resistance are evident, but drugs targeting mitochondrial metabolism have repeatedly failed in the clinic. Our study in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) finds that cellular and mitochondrial lipid composition influence cancer cell sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition of electron transport chain complex I. Profiling of patient-derived PDAC models revealed that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and MUFA-linked ether phospholipids play a critical role in maintaining ROS homeostasis. We show that ether phospholipids support mitochondrial …

Distinct Astrocytic Modulatory Roles In Sensory Transmission During Sleep, Wakefulness, And Arousal States In Freely Moving Mice, Fushun Wang, Wei Wang, Simeng Gu, Dan Qi, Nathan A Smith, Weiguo Peng, Wei Dong, Jiajin Yuan, Binbin Zhao, Ying Mao, Peng Cao, Qing Richard Lu, Lee A Shapiro, S Stephen Yi, Erxi Wu, Jason H Huang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite extensive research on astrocytic Ca2+ in synaptic transmission, its contribution to the modulation of sensory transmission during different brain states remains largely unknown. Here, by using two-photon microscopy and whole-cell recordings, we show two distinct astrocytic Ca2+ signals in the murine barrel cortex: a small, long-lasting Ca2+ increase during sleep and a large, widespread but short-lasting Ca2+ spike when aroused. The large Ca2+ wave in aroused mice was inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent, evoked by the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, and enhanced sensory input, contributing to reliable sensory transmission. However, the small Ca2+ transient was IP3-independent and contributed to decreased extracellular K+, …