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Articles 31561 - 31590 of 255940

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Roles Of Mrna Polyadenylation Factors In Plant Growth And Development, Lichun Zhou Jan 2024

The Roles Of Mrna Polyadenylation Factors In Plant Growth And Development, Lichun Zhou

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Messenger RNA polyadenylation, the process wherein the primary RNA polymerase II transcript is cleaved and a poly(A) tract added, is a key step in the expression of genes in plants. Polyadenylation is mediated by a complex (the polyadenylation complex, or PAC) that consists of between 15 and 20 subunits. To learn the roles of PAC in regulation of the polyadenylation in plants, I conducted a survey of variability in the plant PAC. For this, I drew upon a database of naturally-occurring variation in numerous geographic isolates of Arabidopsis thaliana. The results show that many subunits of the PAC are …

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Silicon Fertilization In Cool-Season Turfgrasses, Cheng Qian Jan 2024

Silicon Fertilization In Cool-Season Turfgrasses, Cheng Qian

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Previous studies of the benefits of silicon (Si) supplementation in turfgrass have yielded inconsistent results. This dissertation aimed to assess the benefits if Si supplementation in cool-season turfgrass under more well controlled conditions than many previous studies. The first study assessed the effect of Si supplementation on biomass production and Si accumulation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) in buffered Hoagland’s media (pH 6) with four sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mM Si). The two species responded differently to Si supplementation in terms of biomass. Bentgrass biomass was …

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An Assessment Of User Satisfaction On Remote Court Hearings In The Brunei Civil Court, Hazwani Masli, Seyed M. Buhari Jan 2024

An Assessment Of User Satisfaction On Remote Court Hearings In The Brunei Civil Court, Hazwani Masli, Seyed M. Buhari

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Remote court hearings (RCHs) have significantly benefited the Brunei Civil Court in maintaining its judicial system and reducing backlogs as a preventative measure, during COVID-19. RCHs have enhanced the judicial system's accessibility, saving resources and increasing court performance and productivity. However, technical problems and mistrust have slowed the RCH's adoption. This study assessed user satisfaction with remote court hearings using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. Three external variables influenced the perceived usefulness of remote court hearings: trust, perceived risk, and fairness expectations. This study also included moderator variables such as age group and professions. This study showed that trust, …

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Exploiting Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization And Column Generation For Solving Vehicle Routing Problem With Discretized Time Windows, Krittin Phornsiricharoenphant Jan 2024

Exploiting Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization And Column Generation For Solving Vehicle Routing Problem With Discretized Time Windows, Krittin Phornsiricharoenphant

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

No abstract provided.

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Quantifying Resource Nexus: Virtual Water Flows, Water Stress Indices, And Unsustainable Import Fraction In South Korea's Grain Trade Landscape, Golden Odey, Bashir Adelodun, Qudus Adeyi, Akinsoji Adisa Hammed, Salau Rahmon Abiodun, Kyung Sook Choi Jan 2024

Quantifying Resource Nexus: Virtual Water Flows, Water Stress Indices, And Unsustainable Import Fraction In South Korea's Grain Trade Landscape, Golden Odey, Bashir Adelodun, Qudus Adeyi, Akinsoji Adisa Hammed, Salau Rahmon Abiodun, Kyung Sook Choi

Arusha Climate and Environmental Research Centre

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of South Korea’s grain production and trade, specifically scrutinizing water resource management and sustainability trends from 1991 to 2022. The primary objective was to assess the temporal evolution of South Korea’s agricultural virtual water trade in maize, soybeans and wheat. Employing the virtual water flows assessment method, water stress index, and an unsustainable import fraction (UIF) analysis, this research aimed to uncover key patterns and dynamics within the agricultural grain trade landscape. Utilizing comprehensive datasets encompassing grain trade, as well as water and land footprint data, this study assessed the intricate interplay between …

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Effects Of The Cb1 Receptor Antagonist, Am251, On Maternal Behavior In Long-Evans Rat Dams, Jennifer Aguilera-Fonseca, Karla Colley, Eddie Galarza, Atoria Hamm, Joe Morse, Rachel Ntor, Destiny Pichardo, Vincent P. Markowski Jan 2024

Effects Of The Cb1 Receptor Antagonist, Am251, On Maternal Behavior In Long-Evans Rat Dams, Jennifer Aguilera-Fonseca, Karla Colley, Eddie Galarza, Atoria Hamm, Joe Morse, Rachel Ntor, Destiny Pichardo, Vincent P. Markowski

McNair Scholars Program

No abstract provided.

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Investigating The Roles Of Dapk, P53/Cep-1, And Mitochondrial Damage In Necrotic Neurodegeneration In C. Elegans, Anil Singh Jan 2024

Investigating The Roles Of Dapk, P53/Cep-1, And Mitochondrial Damage In Necrotic Neurodegeneration In C. Elegans, Anil Singh

Dissertations and Theses

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S., with minority groups, suffering higher fatality rates. Stroke is caused by ischemia, where occlusion of blood supply to the brain results in neurodegeneration. Most of the damage is attributed to excitotoxicity, where an accumulation of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the synapse overstimulates postsynaptic neurons and ultimately leads to cell death (largely by necrosis). Stroke treatments are often ineffective, due to the delay between the onset of stroke and the delivery of effective treatment. To address this, we focus our study on putative later-acting mediators of excitotoxicity such as …

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The Role Of The Vibrio Cholerae Type Vi Secretion System During Kin Cell Interaction, Biofilm Formation And Priority Effects, Karen A. Castro Jan 2024

The Role Of The Vibrio Cholerae Type Vi Secretion System During Kin Cell Interaction, Biofilm Formation And Priority Effects, Karen A. Castro

Dissertations and Theses

Vibrio cholerae’s Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is one of the arsenals used by the bacteria for its long-term survival in different environments, against a variety of opponents, and for its maintained pathogenicity in vulnerable regions of the world. Therefore, the more we understand about the activity of the T6SS, the closer we get to understanding its role in bacterial competition; inter-and-intra, and how this shapes a bacterial niche. Further, although the probiotic-like effect in the V. cholerae vaccine is described to work fast due to niche uptake hindering colonization of toxigenic strains, it is not yet clear if there …

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An Exploratory Study Of The Effects Of Bis-Substituted Triazolium Bromide Salts On The Proliferation Of Wi-38 Lung Cells And H-1299 Lung Cancer Cells, Rakaiya Martin Jan 2024

An Exploratory Study Of The Effects Of Bis-Substituted Triazolium Bromide Salts On The Proliferation Of Wi-38 Lung Cells And H-1299 Lung Cancer Cells, Rakaiya Martin

Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The battle against this disease continues to challenge physicians and scientists daily, due to its various forms, treatments, and responses. Depending on the grade and stage of the disease, treatments can be extensive, encompassing surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Though these therapeutics can prolong a patient’s life, they often have significant ramifications. For instance, radiation therapy has an extensive list of side effects, from organ damage to loss of fertility. These outcomes have driven scientists to explore the applicability of novel cancer treatments. Imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts have been shown …

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Keynote Address And Meeting Program, Academy Editors Jan 2024

Keynote Address And Meeting Program, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Instructions To Authors, Academy Editors Jan 2024

Instructions To Authors, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Table Of Contents, Academy Editors Jan 2024

Table Of Contents, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Business Meeting Report (Secretary's And Treasurer's Report), Academy Editors Jan 2024

Business Meeting Report (Secretary's And Treasurer's Report), Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Journal Acknowledgements And Editorial Board, Academy Editors Jan 2024

Journal Acknowledgements And Editorial Board, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Academy Presidents And Institutional Members, Academy Editors Jan 2024

Academy Presidents And Institutional Members, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Journal Of The Arkansas Academy Of Science Volume 78, Academy Editors Jan 2024

Journal Of The Arkansas Academy Of Science Volume 78, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Grass Rejection By Capybaras Can Be Used As A Possible Strategy To Mitigate Road Accidents, André Luiz Gama Nogueira, Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho, Selene Siqueira Da Cunha Nogueira, Denis Sato, Natasha Camilo Maximiano Da Silva, Lilian Elgalise Techio Pereira, Michael Mendl, Adroaldo José Zanella Jan 2024

Grass Rejection By Capybaras Can Be Used As A Possible Strategy To Mitigate Road Accidents, André Luiz Gama Nogueira, Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho, Selene Siqueira Da Cunha Nogueira, Denis Sato, Natasha Camilo Maximiano Da Silva, Lilian Elgalise Techio Pereira, Michael Mendl, Adroaldo José Zanella

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Feeding management can be a good strategy for avoiding wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs), which are a worldwide concern. In this study, we aimed to identify grass species that capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) reject as feeding material. These species could be planted to make roadsides less attractive to capybaras and, consequently, decrease WVCs involving this species. We planted 3 grass species (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. hybrid Mavuno, and Zoysia japonica) in 4 blocks, applying a randomized-complete blocks design. The first 2 species we assumed would be rejected, since some animals do not consume them due to their high …

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How Do Daily Survival Rates Of Nests Change During The Incubation Period For Ducks Nesting On Great Salt Lake Marshes?, Mark E. Bell, Michael R. Conover Jan 2024

How Do Daily Survival Rates Of Nests Change During The Incubation Period For Ducks Nesting On Great Salt Lake Marshes?, Mark E. Bell, Michael R. Conover

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We examined how daily survival rates (DSRs) of duck nests change over the course of the incubation period using cinnamon teal (Spatula cyanoptera), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and gadwalls (Mareca strepera) nesting in the marshes around Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. Cameras observed 138 nests, allowing us to know the exact day when chicks hatched or nests were depredated. We measured the course of the incubation period based on 3 different time scales: (1) days since we first located the nest, (2) embryo age, and (3) ordinal day. We tested 3 hypotheses about the relationship …

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Survival Of Translocated Coyotes In The Chicago Metropolitan Area, Usa, Charlotte R. Milling, Chris Anchor, Stanley D. Gehrt Jan 2024

Survival Of Translocated Coyotes In The Chicago Metropolitan Area, Usa, Charlotte R. Milling, Chris Anchor, Stanley D. Gehrt

Human–Wildlife Interactions

For nuisance animals, the general public perceives translocation to be a humane alternative to lethal control measures, but survival of translocated wildlife is often quite low due in part to increased movement post-release. Thus, for common species whose relocation generally serves a social rather than conservation purpose, translocation might not be correctly characterized when presented as nonlethal. We quantified release site fidelity and survival of coyotes (Canis latrans) fitted with very high frequency radio-collars and translocated within the Chicago Metropolitan Area, Illinois, USA, from 2000 to 2006. We also compared survival for 14 weeks post-collaring for our translocated …

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Table Of Contents Jan 2024

Table Of Contents

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is the table of contents.

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Dust Management At An Active Construction Area Affects Monarch Distribution, Amy W. O'Donnell, Jeffery D. Sullivan, Carl R. Callahan, Peter C. Mcgowan, Diann J. Prosser Jan 2024

Dust Management At An Active Construction Area Affects Monarch Distribution, Amy W. O'Donnell, Jeffery D. Sullivan, Carl R. Callahan, Peter C. Mcgowan, Diann J. Prosser

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The North American population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) is experiencing dramatic declines, necessitating investigations into challenges facing this species that can be resolved through management actions. For instance, dust made airborne by heavy equipment driving along a dirt road can settle on roadside vegetation, resulting in reduced use by monarchs. Dust accumulation on areas where floral nectaries such as leaves, stems, and flowers may be present could reduce the ability of pollinators, such as monarchs, to access nectar from flowering plants needed during migration. One such challenge was observed on Poplar Island, an island restoration project located in …

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That’S Not In My Position Description: A Discourse Analysis Of Sbae Migratory Context, Becky Haddad, Jonathan Velez, Josh Stewart, Haden Botkin Jan 2024

That’S Not In My Position Description: A Discourse Analysis Of Sbae Migratory Context, Becky Haddad, Jonathan Velez, Josh Stewart, Haden Botkin

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

While the choice to move to a new school is personal, many play a role in justifying that choice for the mobile teacher. These justifiers—or influencers—make up the socializing network for teachers (in this case, SBAE teachers) in new settings. Our study outlined how mobile SBAE teachers rationalize the choice to change schools and validate career moves. We used a positioning theory approach to discourse to give migrators (teachers who change schools) and influencers a voice. Positioning theory allowed us to situate migrators as they reflected on their choice to change school districts, and influencers as they recounted their …

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Mangroves Of The Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic, Daniel A. Friess, Ena L. Suárez, Anna R. Armitage, Cheryl Doughty, Laura C. Feher, Ilka C. Feller, Alejandro Fierro, Kara R. Radabaugh, Lorae T. Simpson, William C. V Vervaeke, Carlos Zamora-Tovar Jan 2024

Mangroves Of The Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic, Daniel A. Friess, Ena L. Suárez, Anna R. Armitage, Cheryl Doughty, Laura C. Feher, Ilka C. Feller, Alejandro Fierro, Kara R. Radabaugh, Lorae T. Simpson, William C. V Vervaeke, Carlos Zamora-Tovar

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The ‘Mangroves of the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic’ province is a regional ecosystem subgroup (level 4 unit of the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology). It includes the marine ecoregions of Carolinian and Northern Gulf of Mexico. The biota is characterized by 3 species of mangroves: Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle, and 1 mangrove associate Conocarpus erectus, though not all species are equally distributed throughout the province. Mangroves in this province cross the USA and Mexico and are quite unique, as they exist at the latitudinal range limit of the mangrove ecosystem. The majority of mangroves in this province are …

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Facilitative And Competitive Interactions Among Dune Grass Species In Monoculture And Polyculture Communities, Anne M. Sciolino Jan 2024

Facilitative And Competitive Interactions Among Dune Grass Species In Monoculture And Polyculture Communities, Anne M. Sciolino

Theses and Dissertations

Coastal dunes are natural barriers between land and sea and are imperative to the protection and preservation of inland ecosystems and human infrastructure. However, due to global warming, seal level rise, and coastal development, coastal dunes are under constant threat of destruction. Restoration efforts have been implemented to rebuild the protective function of dunes through the planting of dune building grasses. Dune grasses build and maintain these vital sand dunes. However, little is known about facilitative and competitive relationships among the grasses. In order to maximize restoration efforts, research is needed to better understand the biotic interactions among restorative grass …

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Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Dna Recovery Of Compromised Skeletal Remains, Ciara N. Rhodes Jan 2024

Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Dna Recovery Of Compromised Skeletal Remains, Ciara N. Rhodes

Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal remains frequently serve as the sole source of genetic material available for developing a profile in cases concerning unidentified human remains or mass casualties. Nevertheless, as unidentified skeletal remains age and are exposed to uncontrolled environmental conditions, the success rates of conventional methods of bone analysis diminish significantly. The physical and mechanical processing of skeletal remains into fine powder for DNA isolation and downstream analysis can substantially impact the quality and quantity of recoverable genetic information. This concern may be exacerbated when dealing with degraded forensic skeletal remains. Few studies have explored whether pulverization of bone samples contributes to …

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Opossums And Pathogens: A Survey Of Vector-Borne And Zoonotic Pathogens From Didelphis Virginiana In The Midwest, Usa, Cassandra C. P. Strehl Jan 2024

Opossums And Pathogens: A Survey Of Vector-Borne And Zoonotic Pathogens From Didelphis Virginiana In The Midwest, Usa, Cassandra C. P. Strehl

Masters Theses

Didelphis virginiana are at elevated risk of exposure to many zoonotic and vector-borne pathogens (ZVBP) as a result of their unfastidious diets, large geographic ranges, and diverse habitat types. Didelphis virginiana are synanthropic animals, which is concerning considering the spillover risk of pathogens D. virginiana present as a result. 81 D. virginiana from Ohio and Illinois were screened for Rickettsia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Trypanosoma cruzi, and apicomplexan pathogens. Live D. virginiana were trapped in wire cage traps to perform venipuncture for blood collection. Samples collected as roadkill or from animal control companies were dissected and spleen …

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The Sewage Microbiome Dynamics Of Different Serving Neighborhoods In Charleston, Illinois, Sandra Chiamaka Okoye Jan 2024

The Sewage Microbiome Dynamics Of Different Serving Neighborhoods In Charleston, Illinois, Sandra Chiamaka Okoye

Masters Theses

The complex microbial ecosystem within sewage systems holds significant implications for environmental and public health. Unlike studies on wastewater treatment plant microbiomes, upstream sewage systems have not been studied widely. This research investigated the dynamic sewage microbiome across diverse serving neighborhoods in Charleston, Illinois, encompassing residential, hospital, industrial, and university areas. Drawing upon recent advancements in microbiome research, the study aimed to unravel the spatial and temporal variations in microbial structures. Three times between June to December 2023 sewage samples were collected from manholes in the areas mentioned above. Community DNA was extracted and sequenced for the V4-V5 region of …

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Molecular Understanding And Design Of Deep Eutectic Solvents And Proteins Using Computer Simulations And Machine Learning, Usman Lame Abbas Jan 2024

Molecular Understanding And Design Of Deep Eutectic Solvents And Proteins Using Computer Simulations And Machine Learning, Usman Lame Abbas

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as excellent extractants. A major challenge is the lack of an efficient tool to discover DES candidates. Currently, the search relies heavily on the researchers’ intuition or a trial-and-error process, which leads to a low success rate or bypassing of promising candidates. DES performance depends on the heterogeneous hydrogen bond environment formed by multiple hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. Understanding this heterogeneous hydrogen bond environment can help develop principles for designing high performance DESs for extraction and other separation applications. This work investigates the structure and dynamics of hydrogen bonds in hydrophobic DESs …

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Myokine Probdnf-P75ntr Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Injury And Sterile Inflammation, Katherine Aby Jan 2024

Myokine Probdnf-P75ntr Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Injury And Sterile Inflammation, Katherine Aby

Dissertations and Theses

Originally discovered in the brain, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to be expressed and released from skeletal muscle as a myokine. However, the function of myokine BDNF is not fully understood. Of interest to this study is the function of the BDNF precursor proBDNF in skeletal muscle. We first show that skeletal muscle expresses unique BDNF splice variants compared to the brain, and at the protein level, skeletal muscle expresses significantly more proBDNF than mature BDNF under basal conditions. Consistent with this, expression of major protein convertases in skeletal muscle were significantly lower. The role of myokine proBDNF …

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Simultaneous Evaluation Of Tibiofemoral And Patellofemoral Mechanics In Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Combined Experimental And Computational Approach, Yashar A. Behnam, Ahilan Anantha Krishnan, Hayden Wilson, Chadd W. Clary Jan 2024

Simultaneous Evaluation Of Tibiofemoral And Patellofemoral Mechanics In Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Combined Experimental And Computational Approach, Yashar A. Behnam, Ahilan Anantha Krishnan, Hayden Wilson, Chadd W. Clary

Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics: Faculty Scholarship

Contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not fully restored natural patellofemoral (P-F) mechanics across the patient population. Previous experimental simulations have been limited in their ability to create dynamic, unconstrained, muscle-driven P-F articulation while simultaneously controlling tibiofemoral (T-F) contact mechanics. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel experimental simulation and validate a corresponding finite element model to evaluate T-F and P-F mechanics. A commercially available wear simulator was retrofitted with custom fixturing to evaluate whole-knee TKA mechanics with varying patella heights during a simulated deep knee bend. A corresponding dynamic finite element model was developed to validate …

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