Life Sciences Commons^™

Growth Improvement Of Immature Quinine By Applying Coffee Husk Compost And Biofertilizer, Yudithia Maxiselly, Dinda Rachmatis Sa'adah, Mira Ariyanti, Muhammad Khais Prayoga, Heri Syahrian Khomaeni

Jurnal Kultivasi

The growth of immature Cinchona ledgeriana can be optimized by applying fertilizers to fill the nutritional needs of plants. Nutrients can be provided through the help of microorganisms derived from organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying coffee husk compost and biofertilizer consortium on the growth of immature quinine plants. This research was conducted from November 2023 – January 2024 at Gambung Tea and Cinchona Research Center, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The research used a randomized block design with four replications and six treatments, namely control (Urea 17 g.plant-1 + SP36 …

Exploring The Role Of Rb1 In Cellular Differentiation Using Patient-Derived Stem Cells, Ambily Vincent

Theses and Dissertations

The Retinoblastoma (RB1) gene, predominantly recognized as a tumour suppressor, plays a crucial role in early growth and development. Mice lacking the retinoblastoma gene do not survive and exhibit defects in the differentiation of various tissues, underscoring its involvement in cellular differentiation. This suggests that the functions of the RB1 gene extend beyond its role as a tumour suppressor, encompassing cell cycle regulation, maintenance of genomic stability, cellular senescence, and cellular differentiation.

While the tumour suppressor function of the RB1 has been extensively studied, its role in cellular differentiation remains incompletely understood. Existing literature, primarily based on animal models, has …

Five A Day, The Rainbow Way: A Nutrition Education Toolkit For Elementary School Aged Children, Sasha Menard

Department of Nutrition Student Projects

Learning Outcome: Develop a nutrition educational toolkit based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for obesity prevention among elementary school-aged children by improving determinants of fruit and vegetable intake.

Background: Poor consumption of fruits and vegetables is a major contributing factor to childhood obesity, increasing the risk for chronic diseases later in life. There is a need for multicomponent nutrition educational tools to influence children to improve their eating behavior by increasing their awareness and self-efficacy. The current project describes the development of a 3-component toolkit for improving participants’ knowledge and values related to fruit and vegetable intake among 6-11-year-olds.

Methods: …

Exploring The Roles Of Physiology And Phylogeny In Novel Signal Evolution, Mia E. Phillips

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

In animal communication, signal phenotypes are shaped by a combination of selective

forces pushing for improved transmission, efficiency, and detection, and limited by

developmental constraints in signal production and reception abilities (Morton 1975; Guilford &

Dawkins 1991; Endler 1992; Davranoglou et al. 2023). These opposing forces have resulted in

communication strategies that are broadly diverse yet similar among closely related species. We

expect to see gradual changes in signal phenotypes across different clades (Harvey & Pagel

1991). Sometimes, though, the communication strategies of closely related taxa are drastically

different (Ligon et al. 2018), indicating that selection must have overcome the …

Quantifying The Influence Of Air Resistance And Drafting On The Metabolic, Kinematic And Kinetic Demands Of Running, Jared Robert Deandreis Steele

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the effects of air resistance on metabolic, kinetic, and kinematic parameters during treadmill running and to investigate how drafting influences these parameters. Methods: Thirty-three well-trained distance runners participated in biomechanical assessments, and seventeen of these also participated in metabolic assessments. The protocol involved running at 80-85% of critical speed on a force-instrumented treadmill facing a wind tunnel. Five wind conditions were tested: no fan (NF), headwind (HW), headwind with drafting (HWD), no wind (NW), and no wind with drafting (NWD). Ground reaction forces (GRF) and kinematic data were collected and analyzed using linear mixed-effects …

Economic Contribution Of U.S. Aquaculture Farms, Ganesh Kumar, Shraddha Hegde, Jonathan Van Senten, Carole Engle, Noah Boldt, Matthew Parker, Kwamena Quagrainie, Benedict Posadas, Frank Asche, Madan Dey, Suja Aarattuthodi, Luke A. Roy, Russell Grice, Quentin Fong, Michael Schwarz

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources to meet human wants and needs and has a critical role to play in addressing challenges related to environmental sustainability, community resilience, and food security. In the context of aquaculture, the key to such a discussion is understanding the linkages of aquaculture farming businesses with other economic sectors and how policy decisions that affect aquaculture result in economic ripples throughout local, regional, and national economies. The only previous national estimates of the economic contributions of U.S. aquaculture are nearly 30 years old. The current study was based on comprehensive data …

Rna Sequencing Reveals Chemotherapy-Induced Changes In Genes Associated With Neurogenesis And Neuronal Function, Bailey Cronin

Theses and Dissertations

Over 310,000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in 2024, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer in United States women. Advancements in treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiation have resulted in a 5-year survival rate of 91%. With nearly 4.1 million breast cancer survivors living in the United States today, there is a need for a better understanding of the long-term side effects of these treatments and the impact these may have on the quality of life for these survivors. Reported in up to 78% of cancer patients who received chemotherapy, chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment (CICI), …

Understanding The Mechanisms Of Bio-Effects Of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials In Planta Using “Omics” Approach, Sajedeh Rezaei Cherati

Theses and Dissertations

Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) are recognized as versatile and promising nanomaterials for various applications across multiple fields, including medicine, genetic engineering, plant biology, and agriculture. Notably, carbon nanotubes have been identified as effective in regulating plant growth, reducing plant diseases, and facilitating the targeted delivery of molecules such as DNA and proteins into plant cells and tissues. Despite these advancements, the comprehensive understanding of CBNs' biological impacts, particularly their role in enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance, remains incomplete. Moreover, the use of CBNs in agriculture raises concerns regarding the safety of consuming contaminated plant products and the implications of CBNs …

Novel Il-4/Hb-Egf-Dependent Crosstalk Between Eosinophils And Macrophages Controls Liver Regeneration After Ischaemia And Reperfusion Injury, Yang Yang, Long Xu, Constance Atkins, Lily Kuhlman, Jie Zhao, Jong-Min Jeong, Yankai Wen, Nicolas Moreno, Kang Ho Kim, Yu A An, Fenfen Wang, Steve Bynon, Vincenzo Villani, Bin Gao, Frank Brombacher, Raymond Harris, Holger K Eltzschig, Elizabeth Jacobsen, Cynthia Ju

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies indicate that eosinophils are recruited into the allograft following orthotopic liver transplantation and protect from ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. In the current studies, we aim to explore whether their protective function could outlast during liver repair.

DESIGN: Eosinophil-deficient mice and adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived eosinophils (bmEos) were employed to investigate the effects of eosinophils on tissue repair and regeneration after hepatic IR injury. Aside from exogenous cytokine or neutralising antibody treatments, mechanistic studies made use of a panel of mouse models of eosinophil-specific IL-4/IL-13-deletion, cell-specific IL-4rα-deletion in liver macrophages and hepatocytes and macrophage-specific deletion of heparin-binding …

Immune Modulation And Cecal Microbiome Changes In Broilers Fed With Fenugreek Seeds And Bacillus-Based Probiotics, Deependra Paneru, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Walter G. Bottje, Emmanuel Asiamah, Ahmed A.A. Abdel-Wareth, Md. Salahuddin, Jayant Lohakare

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Intensive broiler production systems face challenges like enteric diseases, impacting global food security. Strategies to enhance broiler immunity and gut health, particularly amidst antibiotic growth promoter restrictions, are crucial. The present study investigated the combined effects of fenugreek seeds (FS) and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) on immune-related gene expression in the ileum and alteration of microbial population in the cecum of broiler. The study involved 160 Ross 308 broiler chicks, which were divided into four groups consisting of 5 replicates, each containing eight birds. The chicks were grown for a period of 42 d, during …

Systemic Activation Of The Axon Degeneration Executioner Sarm1 Triggers Acute Hyperglycemia, Lillian Spatz

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Communication between the nervous system and metabolic tissues directs whole body homeostasis. It is well understood that peripheral tissues respond to neural stimulation or inhibition to modulate energy usage and storage, hormone release, and stress pathways, but the neuroendocrine circuits that drive these outcomes remain ill-defined. Our lab identified sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) as the central executioner of axon degeneration in injury and disease models. We found that SARM1 is activated by an elevated NMN/NAD+ ratio and that nicotinamide analogs, including 3-AP and vacor, are converted to NMN-like intermediates that directly bind to SARM1, mimicking the …

Impact Of Land Use Dynamics On The Water Yields In The Gorgan River Basin, Masoomeh Yaghoobi, Aram Fathi, Shahryar Fazli, Wenzhao Li, Elham Haghshenas, Vahid Shokri Kuchak, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

This research investigates the future dynamics of water yield services in the Gorgan River Basin in the North of Iran by analyzing land cover changes from 1990 to 2020, using Landsat images and predicting up to 2040 with the Land Change Modeler and InVEST model under three scenarios: continuation, conservation, and mitigation. The results indicate significant shifts in agricultural land impacted water yields, which fluctuated from 324.7 million cubic meters (MCM) in 1990 to 279.7 MCM in 2010, before rising to 320.1 MCM by 2020. The study uniquely assesses the effects of land use changes on water yields, projecting a …

The Effect Of Acute Social Isolation On Neural Molecular Responses In Components Of The Social Decision-Making Network, Patricia C. Lopes, Madeleine Chang, Faith Holloway, Biola Fatusin, Sachin Patel, Chandler Siemonsma, Morgan Kindel

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Prolonged or chronic social isolation has pronounced effects on animals, ranging from altered stress responses, increased anxiety and aggressive behaviour, and even increased mortality. The effects of shorter periods of isolation are much less well researched; however, short periods of isolation are used routinely for testing animal behaviour and physiology. Here, we studied how a 3 h period of isolation from a cagemate affected neural gene expression in three brain regions that contain important components of the social decision-making network, the hypothalamus, the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, using a gregarious bird …

Development Of Pork Meatballs Supplemented With Commercial Soluble Dietary Fibres And Mimic In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion, Chonlada Srikamwang, Pirawan Chaiwan, Sarana Rose Sommano, Malaiporn Wongkaew

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

This study investigated the effects of supplementing tapioca starch with commercially soluble dietary powder in meatballs to develop a low-glycaemic index (GI) food for people with high blood sugar levels. This work evaluates the physicochemical characteristics, texture profile analysis (TPA), proximate composition, and digestibility of carbohydrate in meatballs supplemented with commercial soluble dietary powder using 3x3 factorial completely randomised design. The physicochemical characteristics findings indicate that the colour values of GI meatballs, including L*, a*, and b*, ranged from 63.60 to 68.49, 1.52 to 3.05, and 13.86 to 16.56, respectively. The colour difference values of meatballs containing dietary fibre in …

Effect Of Repeated Heating On Chemical Properties Of Selected Edible Plant Oil And Its Health Hazards, J Prarthana, Nischitha Nischitha, Shraddha Shraddha, Ramith Ramu

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Increase in the cost price of edible oil, has forced to reuse the cooking oil especially in frying. Repeated cooking of oil brings about lot of structural changes ideally not suitable for consumption. The present study aims at comparing the structure and chemical changes like acid value, peroxide value, saponification, iodine value of three different commonly used edible oil viz sunflower oil, coconut oil & rice bran oil after successive heating & cooling. Oils were heated four times for 45 minutes, followed by repeated cooling for 2 hours. The results indicates that the acid values of all three oils (0.32- …

The Prevalence Of Stress Fractures And The Associated Leaf-Q Responses, Self-Reported Exercise Volume And Dietary Behaviors In Female Recreational Runners, Malorie Wilwand, Kelly Pritchett, Marissa Miles, Robert Pritchett, Abigail Larson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(2): 1092-1104, 2024. Previous research suggests a high prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) and stress fractures (SF) among competitive female endurance athletes. However, much less is known about these issues among recreational female runners. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and number of self-reported SF and risk of LEA among noncompetitive, recreationally active female runners, aged 18 – 25 years. Additionally, it compared characteristics between females with a history of multiple SF vs. one or no SF, and between those ‘at risk’ vs. ‘not at risk’ of LEA. Female recreational runners (n=485) completed …

Effects Of Cutting Management On Herbage Production And Tiller Population In Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis Leyss), J X. Xia, J Hodgson, A.C P. Chu, P Wang, F Y. Liu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper reports the results of an experiment with smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) under cutting management at Beijing Agricultural University, China from June-October 1989. The main treatments were cutting intervals (l month v. 2 months) and cutting height (10 cm v. 30 cm) with 2 additional treatments (uncut control, and delayed first cut) and 4 replications. Frequent cutting decreased tiller population density, herbage accumulation and underground biomass. Tiller populations were greater under lax than hard cutting, though closer cutting resulted in greater green herbage accumulation. Delaying cutting until flowering was completed resulted in a subsequent depression in herbage …

Relative Productivity And Persistense Of White Clover Cultivars Under Cutting Or Continuous Stocking By Sheep, D A. Davies, M Fothergill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial ryegrass-white clover (Lolium perenne-Trlfollium repens) swards of 3 clover cultivars were studied at a lowland (30 m) and upland (340 m) site in mid Wales over 3 years (1989-91). Lamb production from small-leaved Aberystwyth S 184 at 1021 kg/ha was 25% and 1191, more than from small-leaved Ac3351 and medium-leaved Grasslands Huia respectively. The relative lamb output from Huia was poorer at the upland location. Clover production, survival and morphology under a number of cutting heights and frequencies were different from those in the continuously stocked pastures. Cutting every 10 days at 2-3 cm resulted in poor clover and …

Morphological Changes In Three Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Cultivars Under Continuous Stocking, M Fothergill, D A. Davies

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Individual plant morphology of 3 white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars was studied during 1990 and 1991. Seasonal shifts were demonstrated by all cultivars towards a higher proportion of less complex plants from winter to mid summer. Over the latter half of the year the population tended lo return towards its original distribution. Seasonal fluctuations in stolon dry weight/plant and root number/plant were also identified, with the small-leaved Ac3351 maintaining a greater stolon OW/plant than Aberystwyth S184 and Grasslands Huia during 1990. Ac3351 and S184 also maintained a larger root number/plant over this period. However, no significant differences were detected …

Response To Defoliation Of Tall Fescue, H Tavakoli, J Hodgson, P D. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment studying the behaviour of toll fescue (Fesutca anrundinacea Schreb,) was conducted under steady stale grazing on a sward dominated by this plant. The swards were grazed lo maintain a surface height of 30-40 mm (H), 50-60 mm (M) and 90-100 mm (L). These treatments were applied on swards with and without white clover (Trifolium repens L.) from November 1990 to April 1991. Results showed that leaf growth decreased as the severity of grazing increased. Tiller number was less under H grazing than under M or L grazing, but tiller size remained constant over time in this …

Carbon Isotope Discrimination And Productivity Of Yellow-Flowered Falcata Alfalfa Clonesj, J A. Morgan, D R. Lecain, C E. Townsend

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although genetic variation for water•use efficiency has been identified in a number of plant species, progress to genetically increase this trait has been limited, largely owing to the difficulty in evaluating numerous genotypes. Eleven clones of yellow-flowered, falcata-type alfalfa (Medicago saliva L. ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli} were grown in the greenhouse under 2 watering regimes, and in space•planted field plots for 2 years. Clonal variation was found in all 4 environments for plant yield and shoot carbon isotope discrimination (A), a trait believed to estimate plant water use efficiency. Generally non­significant correlations between A and forage yield suggest that …

Adaptation Of Sainfoin Cultivars And Lucerne To Water Stress, S R. Mir Hosseini, P D. Kemp, D J. Barker, J Hodgson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is of particular interest as a pasture crop because it is a productive legume in dry areas but does not induce bloat in ruminant animals. In this study 3·sainfoin cultivars (Fakir, Melrose and 035) and l lucerne (Medicago saliva L.) cultivar Grasslands Oranga were compared during a drying phase when water was withheld once; flowering began. A randomised complete block design with 4 replicates' was used. Transpiration rate (Tr) declined as volumetric soil water content (VSWC) was reduced. Stomata! resistance (Rs) increased and relative ivater content (RWC) decreased when VSWC decreased. Critical VSWC for …

Phytochrome Control Of Assimilate Partitioning In White Clover, Ch Robin, C Varlet-Grancher, F Gastal, A Guckert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments were conducted in controlled conditions to examine the influences of phytochrome on assimilate partitioning between stolons and branches and to determine the effects on plant moq>hogcncsis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Far-red (FR) irradiated plants partitioned more 14C-assimilates to petioles of both the main stolon and branches and less to the nodulated COOis than did control plants. Results clearly demonstrated that FR-irradiated plants developed longer petioles and long internodes. Moreover, the branching rate decreased, which induced a lower portion of dry weight allocated to branches. However, the sink strength of the branches which were developing remained …

Influence Of Rooting On Stolon Branching In White Clover, M Jones, N R. Sackville Hamilton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The relationship between rooting and branching in stolons of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was investigated in a field experiment, Half of a group of stolons was allowed to develop roots naturally, while for the other half root establishment was prevented by severing young roots before they made contact with the soil. Prevention of root establishment did not affect the numbers of branches which developed on nodes produced during the experiment, and it stimulated of branching on nodes which were already present. This result was unexpected on the basis of earlier observations of stolon growth and suggests that the …

Accumulation Of Dry Matter, Protein And Total Available Carbohydrate In Berseem Under Different Cutting Regimes, P Martinello, G De Santis, A Iannucci, N Di Fonzo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of different cutting regimes on physiology and morphology of aerial parts and roots in 6 bcrseem (Trifolium alexadrium L.) genotypes was evaluated. Observations were carried out on individual plants at 4 stages of development: fourth and eighth internode elongation, early flowering and physiological seed maturity. The results showed that the genotypes were characterised by highest values of dry matter in the aerial and root parts at the early flowering stage. Variability among genotypes was observed.

Seasonal Growth Rhythms In Lucerne, C Poisson, G Genier, A Canal, P Guy, A Porcheron

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The repartition of dry matter production of lilcerne (Medicago saliva) through the year is of great interest. A 3-year experiment began in 1990 to distinguish different rhythms of regrowth. Eighteen genotypes of very diverse geographic origins exhibiting great differences of winter dormancy were studied in a multisite experiment. Two different non-destructive methods were used to describe accurately leaf area index evolution: red far/red light ratio (660 nm/730 nm), and indirect measurement of LAI {LI-COR 2000); stem height and dry matter yield were regularly recorded. Important differences in summer and autumn behaviour leading to different sigmoid growth curves wece …

Inherent And Realized Potential Of Axillary Buds Of White Clover In Field Populations, P.C D. Newton, M.J M. Hay

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fewer than 10% of while clover (Trifolium repens L.) axillary buds form established branches in grazed swards. In order to understand the mechanisms controlling his large loss of growth potential we have charted the potential fates a bud may meet. Each step in this flow chart offers the possibility for a loss of branching potential. We consider the factors that may be important in determining the fates of buds and highlight in particular the heavy losses of viable buds at a young age and propose that different factors may control branch initiation and branch establishment.

Prediction Of Plant Mortality Under Grazing- A Conceptual Approach, J J. Mott, G K. Mckeon, K A. Day

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Based on the concept of biological thresholds, there is growing acceptance 0£ the importance o£ episodic events in the determination of rangeland condition trend. The variable rainfall occurring within Australian rangelands means that overstocking during droughts is a major cause of these Australian rangeland vegetation complexes exceeding these thresholds. Recently plant production models and simplistic estimates of the relationship between animal utilisation and plant mortality became available. Accurate estimates will be developed only with the incorporation of a sound mechanistic understanding of the relationship between utilisation of forage and plant mortality for different conditions of species and soils. Detailed studies …

Canopy Structure And Forage Production Of Lolium Rididum Gaudin As Influenced By The Frequency Of Defoliation, P P. Roggero, A Franca, M Sitzia, S Caredda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was conducted in Sardinia to develop an appropriate rotational grazing management regime in spring for an ecotype of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin). Three intermittent defoliation treatments were compared using sward surface height (10, 15 or 20 cm) to determine time of cutting. Forage dry matter yield, tiller population density, LAI, vertical distribution of plant tissues and other related characteristics were measured. Cutting when sward reached 10 cm resulted In significantly lower yields but a better canopy structure (denser sward, higher percentage of leaves in the bottom layers, higher leaf: sheath ratio) than the other treatments. The …

Physiological Response And Leaf Production Of Two C4 Grasses After Small Rainfall Events, A J. Norman, T L. Thurow, C A. Taylor Jr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The response of plant water status and leaf production of sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula Michx.) and curly mesquite (Hilaria belangeri Steud.) to application of 10 mm of water were studied in 6 continuous weighing lysimeters near Sonora, Texas, USA.: Transpiration, stomata! conductance, xylem water potentials and leaf production were measured foe both species. Soil water content was monitored in each lysimeter. The 10-mm simulated rainfall events improved plant water status regardless of prior soil water· content.' The transpiration rate for both species was similar. Stomata! conductance' of B. c1irtipe11d11/a responded faster after the simulated rainfall events. More favorable …