Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculation, Nitrogen And Phosphorus On The Growth Of Seedlings Of Sesbania Sesban, E Akeampong, T Mamo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the first of two pot experiments, growth of seedlings of Sesbania sesban in response to rates of P (0, 40, 120, 160 and 200 kg/ha) and of N (0 11nd 100 kg/ha) was examined. In a second trial the effect of inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus macrocarpus) and 2 levels (0 and 40 kg/hn) each of triple superphosphnte (TSP) and Egyptian rock phosphate (ERP) were studied. Response to P was linear to 80 kg/ha. Application of N improved the response of seedlings to P through enhanced P and N uptake. Application of N increased plant weight by …

Isolation Of A Multi-Functional Cellulase Cdna (Cele) From The Rumen Fungus Neocallimastix Patriciarum, Gang Ping Xue, K S. Gobius, C G. Orpin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A cellulase cDNA, ce/E, was isolated from a cellulose-induced cDNA library of the rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum by screening for hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose. In addition to its ability to hydrolyse carboxymethyl cellulose, ce/E enzyme was also able to degrade microcrystalline cellulose, methylumbelliferyl cellobioside, p-nitrophenyl cellobioside, lichenan and xylan. These data suggest that ce/E encodes a multi-functional cellulase.

Cellobiohydrolase (Cbh) From Neocallimastix Patriciarum: A Membrane Associated Complex?, J H. Alyward, Gang Ping Xue, G D. Simpson, C G. Orpin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three cellobiohydrolases were highly puriried from the rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarun. Two of these enzymes were liberated from insoluble material by extraction with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114, requiring the presence of detergent or dissociating agent throughout their purification. The native cellobiohydrolase is probably membrane associated.

Effect Of Nitrogen Application On Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Of White Clover Ecotypes Collected In North-Eastern Japan, K Sugawara, A Nishiwaki, Y Yashima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Escaped plants of white clover which could not be identified by variety were collected and were grown in pots filled with a perlite contained nutrient solution in a growlh chamber. On 16 of the collecled plants, the change of the nitrogenase activity by treatments with or without nitrogen (20 ppm N, NaNO3) was measured by gas chromatogrnphy and the variation of peroxidase isozyme was analysed by means of slab acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The studied plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were classified into 5 types by the response pattern of nitrogenase to N applied. Six bands showing peroxidase …

Symbiotic Characterization Of Azide-Resistant Mutants Of Rhizobium Leguminosarum By Trifolii, Shashi Bhushan Sharma, K Sakadevan, R Corner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Azide-resistant mutants of Rhizobium legumnosarum bv, trifolii strain NZPS61 were isolated. Mutations conferring azide resistance appeared at a frequency of 1.6x t0·7 on minimal media containing 25 µglml sodium azide. Two classes of mutants were observed with respect to the nitrogen source in the growth media. Mutants in the first class showed azide resistance in the presence of both nitrate and ammonia whereas the mutants in the second class showed azide resistance only in the presence of nitrate. Eleven azide-resistant mutants were characterised for their symbiotic ability with white clover. All the mutants were similar to their parent strain NZPS61 …

Intake Of South African Mutton Merino Ewes On Wheat Stubble Grazing, T S. Brand, J M. Van Heerden, F Franck

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wheat stubble was grazed continuously for 154 days during the summer (December-April) by reproducing and dry ewes (n-8) at 2 stocking rates ( 1 or 2 ewes/ha), Samples were collected for chemical analysis from oesophageally fistulated (OF) sheep. Intake was determined using controlled chromium-release devices. The mean CP, ADF and NDF contents and iii vitro OM digestibility of samples were respectively 16.1:t0.4%; 40.7:t0.8%, 59.0:tl.1% and 48.5±0.7% t 1 ewe/ha and 10.8±1.1%; 53.9±1.1%, 72.1±0.9% and 48.8:t0.7% at 2 ewes/ha. The mean CP intake of dry ewes was 202±7 g/day (I ewe/ha) and 113:t6 g/day (2 ewes/ha), while the CP intake of …

Earthworms In Pastoral Soils Of Northland, New Zealand, P W. Woods, A.R J. Christie, J N. Couchman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Earthworm populations were surveyed in 4S pastures in Northland, New Zealand. Both sheep and beef, and dairying properties were sampled during late winter. European liumbricid earthworm species encountered were Aporrectodea caliginosa, A. trapezoides, A. rosea, A. longa, Lumbricus rubellus, L. terrestris, L. castaneus and Octolasion cyaneum. Amynthas diffringens, a megascolecid of Asian origin, was also found. Three native megascolecid species were found under developed pasture. Shallow burrowing species such as Lumbricus rubellus and A. caliginosa were the most frequently encountered species, being present on 91% and 89% of sites, respectively. A. caliginosa was the main contributor to earthworm biomass. …

First Results On Growth Rates Of The Endophytic Fungi Acremonium And Epichloe On Solid And Liquid Media, P Dapprich, A Klose, V H. Paul

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Growth rates of the ·grass endophytes Acrenonium lolii Latch, Christensen and Samuels, A. coenoplrialiim Morgan-Jones lind Garns and Epichloe typhina' (Fries) Tulasne were measured on different solid media under various conditions and in liquid medium. A. coenophiallum and E. ryphina developed best vegetative growth at 25°C in the dark ori;pofato-dextrose-ilgar (PDA) and on minimal­medium (MM), respectively. A: lo/ii grew best at 2coenophialum and E. typhina produced 1.48 g and 6 g FW, respectively. Within 3 days the conductivit)'. reached constant values.· Osmolarity decreased with the increase of biomass. pH rose in cultures of A. lolii and E. typhina …

Discovery Of Gynaephora Ruoergensis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (Grnpv) And Its Use As A Baculovirus Pesticide In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Liu Shigui, Yang Zhirong, Wu Tieqiao, Zeng Ying, Cheng Shuqiu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A new pathogenic virus agent was isolated from the grassland caterpillar Gynaephora rnoergensis, an important pest of grassland in north-western Sichuan. Identification was based on morphological properties, biological characteristics and biochemical studies. It belongs to Subgroup A of the Baculoviridae, and has been named Gynaephora rnoergensis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (GrNPV). A viral pesticide was prepared using GrNPV. It has a killing efficiency of mote than 84.3% to grassland caterpillars, and has been applied for biological control of the pest to 2.3 million ha of grassland in north we��tern Sichuan grassland and the Qinghai-Tibet,plateau.

Infection By Bdellovibrio Bacteriovirus Of Leguminous Forage Rhizobia, Xu Heng, Liu Shigui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two bdellovibrio bacteriovirus infecting rhizobia of leguminous forage were isolated from Sichuan-Tibet plateau grassland. The culture characteristics, host range and other biological properties of two bdellovibrio bacterioviruses were researched. Research indicated that the two bdellovibrio bacterioviruses had a wide host range and a strong lyslng ability with Rhlwbium melilotl, R. trlfolll and R, astragalll. 8dellovibrio bacterioviruses affected nodu lation of leguminous forages in grassland, and are one of the main biological factors that lower the yield of leguminous forages.

Studies On The Mutagenicity Of Gynaephora Ruoergensis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (Grnpv), A New Biological Pesticide, Liu Shigui, Wu Yong, Zeng Ying, Wu Tieqiao, Yang Zhirong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To test pathogenicity and mutagenicity of Gynaepllora ruoergensis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (GrNPV), a new biological pesticide, acute and subacute infection tests were carried out in 366 vertebrates (16 species). Results indicated that GrNPV has no toxicity to vertebrates. No mutagenicity to Salmonela. typhimium . was found using the Ames.test. Four tests using cytogenelic methods, sister chromosome exchange (SCB), chromosome aberration test, a micro-nuclear test of mouse eosinophH cells, and lethal effect tests, indicated no mutagenictic effects to vertebrates.

Survey For Natural Enemies Of Leafy Spurge Of Rangeland In Northern China, Wang Jian Feng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L,) is a serious. toxic weed in the real Plains region of lhe USA and Canada where it is toxic to s9me; classes of livestock and displaces more desirable forage plants. Leafy spurge is also spreading widely in Inner Mongolia rangeland, but it does limited damage. Biological weed control scientists from China, USA and Canada have co-operated in a survey for natural enemies of leafy spurge.in Innc Mongolia rangeland where there is an abundant diverse assemblage of insects and pathogens , including: Aphthona , chln ch ichi, Apthona s.eriata, Oberea prob . erythrocephala, Chamaespecia sp. …

A Method For The Greenhouse Evaluation Of Subterranean Clover Breeding Lines For Phytophthora Clandestina Root Rot, S P. Flett, P A. Taylor, V Wakley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Subterranean clover root rot, caused by Phytophthora clandestina, is a serious disease in both irrigated and dryland pastoral regions of Australia. An Intensive program of screening cultivars and genetic lines of subterranean clover from the National Subterranean Clover Improvement Program (NSCIP) for resistance to root rot caused by Phytophthora clandestina is described, Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) lines, divided into screening runs, were infected with isolates of P. clandestina in a cooled greenhouse and each run required 11 weeks for complete evaluation, Each line was rated for root rot resistance ogainst a standard resistant cv. Larisa and a …

Effects Of Microplastic Biofilms On An Anthropogenically Impacted Suburban Lake, Paris M. Velasquez

Masters Theses

Plastics have been observed in every location on the planet, and their prevalence in the environment is due in part to their strong resistance to degradation. Inland lakes are susceptible to plastic pollution by highway runoff, which contains plastic fragments of brake pads, car tires, litter, and road paint. These plastics eventually enter freshwater environments and degrade into microplastics (

Comparison Of Yeast Microencapsulated Fluralaner To Commercially Available Mosquito Larval Control Products, 2023, Cierra Briggs, Blythe E. Lawson, Emily G. Mcdermott

Entomology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a proprietary yeast microencapsulated (YME) fluralaner formulation (U.S. Provisional Patent: P2871US00) to the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products, Altosid SR-20 (Central Life Sciences, Dallas, TX; AI: (S)-Methoprene 20%) and VectoBac 12AS (Valent BioSciences, Libertyville, IL; AI: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis 11.61%) for controlling mosquito larvae.

The C-Terminal 4cxxc-Type Zinc Finger Domain Of Cdca7 Recognizes Hemimethylated Dna And Modulates Activities Of Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Hells, Akeo Shinkai, Hideharu Hashimoto, Chikako Shimura, Hiroaki Fujimoto, Kei Fukuda, Naoki Horikoshi, Masaki Okano, Hitoshi Niwa, Erik W Debler, Hitoshi Kurumizaka, Yoichi Shinkai

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The chromatin-remodeling enzyme helicase lymphoid-specific (HELLS) interacts with cell division cycle-associated 7 (CDCA7) on nucleosomes and is involved in the regulation of DNA methylation in higher organisms. Mutations in these genes cause immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, which also results in DNA hypomethylation of satellite repeat regions. We investigated the functional domains of human CDCA7 in HELLS using several mutant CDCA7 proteins. The central region is critical for binding to HELLS, activation of ATPase, and nucleosome sliding activities of HELLS-CDCA7. The N-terminal region tends to inhibit ATPase activity. The C-terminal 4CXXC-type zinc finger domain contributes to CpG …

Law School News: Supporting Rhode Island's Aquaculture 9-23-2024, Andrew Clark, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

Semiautomated Generation Of Species-Specific Training Data From Large, Unlabeled Acoustic Datasets For Deep Supervised Birdsong Isolation, Justin Sasek, Brendan Allison, Andrea Contina, David Knobles, Preston Wilson, Timothy Keitt

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Bioacoustic monitoring is an effective and minimally invasive method to study wildlife ecology. However, even the state-of-the-art techniques for analyzing birdsongs decrease in accuracy in the presence of extraneous signals such as anthropogenic noise and vocalizations of non-target species. Deep supervised source separation (DSSS) algorithms have been shown to effectively separate mixtures of animal vocalizations. However, in practice, recording sites also have site-specific variations and unique background audio that need to be removed, warranting the need for site-specific data.

Methods

Here, we test the potential of training DSSS models on site-specific bird vocalizations and background audio. We used a …

Food Security - What It Is And Why It Matters, Makell Corry, Palak Gupta

All Current Publications

Insufficient access to safe and nutritious foods can severely impact physical, mental, and social well-being. Without proper nutrition, focus levels, energy, and immune system support can decline, leading to long-term health challenges. This fact sheet addresses the pillars of food security and reviews government programs that help address insufficient food. It also offers recommendations of ways to volunteer to address the problem in your community.

Reducing Food Waste At Home, Makell Corry, Palak Gupta, Jose Brandao

All Current Publications

As food is discarded, resources such as money and water are wasted by producing food that will not be eaten and then transporting it to landfills. There are many solutions for reducing food loss. This fact sheet reviews ways you can build successful habits to address food waste.

Mta-Cooperative Prmt5 Inhibitors Enhance T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Activity In Mtap-Loss Tumors, Si Chen, Jiakai Hou, Roshni Jaffery, Ashley Guerrero, Rongjie Fu, Ningbo Zheng, Nicholas A Egan, Chengtai Yu, Sana Sharif, Yue Lu, Wei He, Shuyue Wang, Donjeta Gjuka, Everett M Stone, Pooja Anil Shah, Jordi Rodon Ahnert, Taiping Chen, Xinli Liu, Mark T Bedford, Han Xu, Weiyi Peng

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Hyperactivated protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are implicated in human cancers. Inhibiting tumor intrinsic PRMT5 was reported to potentiate antitumor immune responses, highlighting the possibility of combining PRMT5 inhibitors (PRMT5i) with cancer immunotherapy. However, global suppression of PRMT5 activity impairs the effector functions of immune cells. Here, we sought to identify strategies to specifically inhibit PRMT5 activity in tumor tissues and develop effective PRMT5i-based immuno-oncology (IO) combinations for cancer treatment, particularly for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP)-loss cancer.

METHODS: Isogeneic tumor lines with and without MTAP loss were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout. The effects of two PRMT5 inhibitors (GSK3326595 and MRTX1719) were …

Metadegron: Multimodal Feature-Integrated Protein Language Model For Predicting E3 Ligase Targeted Degrons, Mengqiu Zheng, Shaofeng Lin, Kunqi Chen, Ruifeng Hu, Liming Wang, Haodong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Protein degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome system at the spatial and temporal regulation is essential for many cellular processes. E3 ligases and degradation signals (degrons), the sequences they recognize in the target proteins, are key parts of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and their interactions determine the degradation specificity and maintain cellular homeostasis. To date, only a limited number of targeted degron instances have been identified, and their properties are not yet fully characterized. To tackle on this challenge, here we develop a novel deep-learning framework, namely MetaDegron, for predicting E3 ligase targeted degron by integrating the protein language model and comprehensive …

Scientific Programs In The Arab Media - Reality And Gap, Najm Abed Khalaf Aleessawi

The article aimed to reveal the level of Arab media coverage of specialized scientific topics and to know the actual need for such programs, especially with the tremendous developments in various fields of life. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted, and a questionnaire tool was used, which was distributed to (205) Arab academics and researchers who were selected by a simple random sampling method. The study found that coverage of scientific programs in the Arab media at the local level is not at the required level. Social media platforms are the most widely used media means for accessing scientific programs …

Tree Diversity Across The Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area In Relation To Climate And Social Vulnerability, Adrienne B. Keller, Leslie A. Brandt, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Joseph F. Knight, Sarah E. Hobbie

Michigan Tech Publications

Urban tree canopy cover is often unequally distributed across cities such that more socially vulnerable neighborhoods often have lower tree canopy cover than less socially vulnerable neighborhoods. However, how the diversity and composition of the urban canopy affect the nature of social-ecological benefits (and burdens), including the urban forest's vulnerability to climate change, remains underexamined. Here, we synthesize tree inventories developed by multiple organizations and present a species-specific, geolocated database of more than 600,000 urban trees across the 7-county Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) metropolitan area in the Upper Midwest of the United States. We find that tree diversity across the MSP …

Fifteen Years Of Findings: Advancements In Spring Dead Spot Research From 2009 To 2024, W. J. Hutchens, J. K. Anders, E. L. Butler, J. P. Kerns, D. S. Mccall, G. L. Miller, N. R. Walker

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

Spring dead spot (Ophiosphaerella spp.; SDS) is one of the most detrimental diseases to warm-season turfgrasses, particularly bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.), growing in climates where cold temperatures induce dormancy. The pathogen can infect the crowns, stolons, rhizomes, and roots of bermudagrass most of the year, but infection in the fall predisposes the turf to winter injury and plant death. Symptoms typically appear the following spring, making management of SDS challenging. Moreover, the biology, epidemiology, and management of SDS are not fully understood. Ample research has been conducted on SDS which was thoroughly summarized before 2009 by Tredway et al. …

Irrigation Pumping Plants: Energy Consumption And Pumping Plant Performance [Class Handout], Derek M. Heeren, Saleh Taghvaeian, Abia Katimbo, Xin Qiao

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Irrigation can be a large contributor to energy consumption on an irrigated farm. It is important to understand factors that impact irrigation energy use and to identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption. This class handout introduces a set of equations for calculating energy consumption for an irrigation pumping plant based on flow conditions and pump efficiency. It also presents typical values for motor performance (including both electric motors and internal combustion engines) in both SI and USCS units. Finally, the handout introduces the concept of a field evaluation of an irrigation pumping plant along with the Nebraska Pumping Plant Performance …

A Generalized Machine Learning Model For Long-Term Coral Reef Monitoring In The Red Sea, Justin J. Gapper, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, Erik Linstead, Surya Prakash Tiwari, Mohamed A. Qurban, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Coral reefs, despite covering less than 0.2 % of the ocean floor, harbor approximately 35 % of all known marine species, making their conservation critical. However, coral bleaching, exacerbated by climate change and phenomena such as El Niño, poses a significant threat to these ecosystems. This study focuses on the Red Sea, proposing a generalized machine learning approach to detect and monitor changes in coral reef cover over an 18-year period (2000–2018). Using Landsat 7 and 8 data, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was trained on depth-invariant indices (DII) derived from the Gulf of Aqaba and validated against ground …

Financial Toxicity In Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Regional Nodal Irradiation: Variation By Cancer Subtype, Grace L Smith, Benjamin D Smith, Chi-Fang Wu, Simona F Shaitelman, Mariana Chavez-Macgregor, Kelsey Kaiser, Julia J Shi, Sanjay S Shete, Ying-Shiuan Chen, Robert J Volk, Sharon H Giordano, Ya-Chen T Shih, Karen E Hoffman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: We evaluated sociodemographic and clinical predictors of financial toxicity (FT) among patients with breast cancer with higher risk clinical factors warranting regional nodal irradiation (RNI).

METHODS: Among 183 participants in a clinical trial of conventional vs. hypofractionated treatment with RNI, 125 (68 %) completed a pilot survey of FT measured using the validated Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer (ENRICh) instrument, scored from 0 (minimal) to 10 (severe) FT. Associations with predictors were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients and Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests. Predictors of severe FT (ENRICh≥5) were tested using multivariable logistic regression with odds …

Prediction Of Mooring System Characteristics Of The Floating Barge Using Deep Neural Networks, Janghoon Seo, Dong-Woo Park

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The present study establishes deep learning models to predict the tensions and inclinations of mooring lines of a floating barge and verifies applicability of these models. Hydrodynamic and mooring analyses are conducted on the dataset used for the deep learning models. Three types of neural network models include a deep neural network (DNN) with input data representing the six degrees of freedom motions of a floating barge, convolutional neural network (CNN) with input images of the floating barge and mooring lines on a horizontal plane, and hybrid neural network (HNN) that consolidates the characteristics of DNN and CNN models. The …

Monthly Changes In Plant Biomass, Net Primary Productivity And Transfer Dynamics Of A Tropical Grazing Land Ecosystem In Southern India, K.S T.K Karuniachamy, K Paliwal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Monthly changes in plant biomass, net primary productivity and transfer dynamics of tropical grazing land of western Ghats region, southern India, are presented. The annual above- ground net production was 9.03 g/m2/day and the below-ground net production was 2.56 g/m2/day. Total annual net primary production was estimated at 4232 g/m2/day. Of the total input of 11.59 g/m2/day into the system, about 77.9% was channelled to above-ground and 22.1% to below­ground, The rate of litter disappearance was 0.55 g/m2/day and l.14 g/ m2/day for below-ground disappearance. The total output was 1.69 g/ m2/day which was 14.6% of the total input. Thus, …