Life Sciences Commons^™

Calculating Canola Seeding Rate And Recording Sheet, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Canola seeding rate needs to be high enough to get a good establishment to set up the crop for its potential yield and provide insurance against slugs, mites, disease, and other seeding issues. However, there is no point spending more on seed than needed.

This is the companion page for the online Canola seeding rate calculator, which enables you to calculate the seed rate you require for your target plant density.

Control Small Weeds In Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

In an integrated weed management program, control of weeds should occur in the fallow, pre-sowing, early post-emergent, and in-pasture phases. Weed control can be achieved through killing weeds (particularly seedlings) with cultivation, herbicides, targeted weed control in wide-row cropping, targeted control of small patches of weeds, and biological control tactics.

Stockfeed Labelling In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) is responsible for regulating the labels of stockfeed supplied in Western Australia (WA) to ensure they provide the required information to people feeding it to their livestock. This factsheet contains information to help stockfeed retailers and manufacturers meet WA’s labelling requirements.

Field Pea – Essentials For Growing A Successful Crop, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

This factsheet provides essential management practices for growing a successful field pea crop.

Managing Frost Risk, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Frost occurs on clear nights in early spring when the air temperature drops to 2°C or less. Crop damage from frost may occur at any stage of development but is most damaging at or around flowering.

Frost is difficult to manage, and damage will be unavoidable in some seasons. Risk management options proven to reduce frost risk include paddock zoning, crop and variety selection, time of sowing, stubble management and managing inputs. The greatest gains result from in paddock choice/zoning, crop and variety choice, and manipulating the canopy.

Zadoks Growth Scale, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Zadoks growth scale is a 0-99 scale of development that is recognised internationally for research, advisory work, and farm practice, particularly to time the application of chemicals and fertilisers.

Estimating The Size Of Retained Canola Seed, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

The size of canola seed (or number of seeds per kilogram) is essential in calculating the seeding rate for the crop. The rate needs to be high enough to get good establishment and protect against pests, diseases, or other seeding issues.

To work out the seeding rate, the seed size or number of seeds per kilogram. This can be easily calculated by farmers who retained seed.

Breast Cancer Screening In Yaoundé, Cameroon: Practices, Awareness, And Perceptions, Tianna Kidd

Cameroon: Development and Social Change

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, yet detection and treatment centers are not always widely available. This research project aims to assess the awareness and perceptions of breast cancer screening practices among women in Cameroon through observing healthcare centers in Yaoundé and conducting interviews with health professionals and a randomized selection of women. The main objective of the study was to identify the resources available for breast cancer screening in Yaoundé and to examine the barriers to breast cancer screening and treatment. Furthermore, the research investigates the available detection devices for breast cancer, particularly …

Characterizing Substituted Imidazolidinetriones As A Novel Class Of Pyruvate Carboxylase Inhibitors, Nicholas O. Schneider

Dissertations (1934 -)

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is implicated in a variety of diseases, including type-2 diabetes, cancer, and bacterial/viral infections. However, there are currently no molecular tools capable of precisely manipulating PC activity both in vitro and in vivo. This dissertation describes the identification and characterization of 1,3-disubstituted imidazolidinetriones as a novel class of potent, selective, and permeable allosteric inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus PC. Based on kinetic, structural, and biophysical data, this class of inhibitors is hypothesized to bind at the noncatalytic “exo binding” site on PC. This exo binding site is reportedly important for catalysis, but it had not previously been considered …

Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Classification According To Immunohistochemistry Markers And Its Association With Pathological Characteristics Among Women Attending Tertiary Hospitals In Tanzania, Allyzain Ismail, Sajida Panjwani, Neelam Ismail, Caroline Ngimba, Innocent Mosha, Philip Adebayo, Ally Mwanga, Ali Zehri, Aidan Njau, Ali Athar

Family Medicine, East Africa

Background: Breast cancer immunohistochemistry is a biological characteristic of the tumour which has a role to diagnose molecular subtype, prognosticate and guide treatment and is categorised into 4 subtypes. Data in Tanzania was lacking and was based off data extrapolated from studies in Western Africa thus hypothesizing that women of African ancestry predominately develop Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at two tertiary referral hospitals on participants who were recruited from the cancer registries from 2015 to 2022. Prevalence of each molecular subtype was determined and association between molecular subtype to demographic and …

What Do Turtleheads & Cotton Have In Common?, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

I will not be offended if, dear reader, your response to the question posed in the title is something along the lines of, “Hmmm, probably not very much!”

Ur’S Witness Oak Project Honors Enslaved Ancestors, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

This article is about one tree and one cemetery plot. Though the existence of some may have been forgotten, many more burial grounds for the enslaved are known and some of these may still have trees old enough to have “witnessed” the interments of those who toiled so hard, for so long. What better way to remember their contributions to the land that continues to nourish us than by maintaining a living legacy of Witness Tree progeny?

Minimizing Risks Of Off-Target Movement Of Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl By Coating Onto Urea, Bodie L. Cotter, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Andy Mauromostakos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Commercialization of florpyrauxifen-benzyl as Loyant^® in 2018 as a synthetic auxin herbicide in rice was followed by soybean injury due to off-target movement of spray applications in the mid-southern United States. Concerns surrounding off-target movement led to the exploration of an alternative application method to help alleviate the issue. Field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to explore the likelihood of a reduction in soybean injury following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated on urea in narrow- and wide-row soybean systems and to determine the likelihood of volatilization from this novel application method. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl spray-applied at 0.18 g ai ha …

Metabolic Crossroads: Gaba Synthesis In Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection, Yesha Dhruv

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

This study examines the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis pathway in Trichomonas vaginalis infection of human HCT-8 cells, focusing on key enzymatic processes in glutamate conversion to GABA and metabolic adaptations. The hypothesis tested was that T. vaginalis modulates GABA metabolism to enhance host cell invasion and adaptation. Infection time-point studies, RNA sequencing, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) assays were conducted. Comparisons between T. vaginalis strains Casu 2 and Casu 2/MOZ 2 revealed distinct infection dynamics. Casu 2 rapidly attached and replicated within an hour, peaking at 24 hours, while Casu 2/MOZ 2 exhibited delayed replication, peaking at 48 to 72 hours, …

Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Fall 2024

Louisiana Agriculture

Questions drive the science behind the LSU AgCenter. Researcher Erin Oberhaus wanted to find data to help educate Louisiana horse owners about the use of an important medication, and a water quality specialist wondered if noneconomic bodies of water, which include agricultural ponds, might help people generate electricity. The research projects that grew from their questions are detailed in this issue of Louisiana Agriculture.

Also in this issue, scientists share the results from important soybean studies, and the AgCenter farm to school team shares success stories from school gardens across the state.

Research is at the core of the LSU …

Five-Year Review Of The Foundations Onboarding Program For The Uga Cooperative Extension, Virginia Brown, Kristi Farner

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

This paper examines the successes and opportunities for improvement of a comprehensive professional development program at a state land-grant university. The Extension Committee on Organization and Policy (ECOP) recognizes turnover and retention as a systemic issue further compounded by heavy workloads and low salaries. According to the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, job satisfaction can increase when motivating factors, such as personal development opportunities, are implemented. Created over two decades ago, the University of Georgia’s Foundations program has been part of its onboarding process that provides agents and educators with the knowledge and skill development for success in their roles. Since 2016, it …

Bacteriostatic Effects Of Hydroxyl Radical-Generating Device On Klebsiella And Pseudomonas, Caroline Le '26, Philips Akinwole, Nipun Chopra

Annual Student Research Poster Session

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) serve as one of the most pressing problems in the medical field. On any given day, one in 31 hospital patients has at least one HAIs and even though the average duration of inpatient admissions has decreased, the frequency of HAIs has increased. The most popular treatment for HAIs is antimicrobial medications such as antibiotics, however, bacteria have been documented to develop resistance to several antibiotics. Hydroxyl radical is being explored as an alternative preventative treatment to HAIs as it has microbicidal effects on planktonic bacteria and fungi over short treatment time, but few studies have looked …

Designing An Attachment Assay For Keratinocytes Stimulated By Fibroblast Conditioned Media, Linh "Kas" Do '26, Colleen L. Doçi

Annual Student Research Poster Session

Cell attachment involves the interaction between an individual cell with its neighbors and the extracellular matrix. These interactions are often regulated by the signaling molecules, including a variety of proteins, cytokines and growth factors. It is found in several studies that keratinocytes in the epidermis communicate with dermal fibroblasts in a bilateral paracrine model, in which they were simultaneously stimulated by the byproduct of the others. We developed this protocol with a simple, low-cost, and effective model to examine keratinocyte attachment that could be applied to examine the effects of fibroblasts on cell adhesion. For this method, we collected the …

A Quantitative Survey Of Goldenrods And Their Galls In Greencastle, Indiana., Chiamaka Ndubuokwu '27, Danielle Sommerman '25, Rose Keith

Annual Student Research Poster Session

During the spring to summer months, galls—an abnormal growth of plant tissue—are commonly found on goldenrod plants. Some of the most common galls that plague goldenrods are the rosette, ball, and elongated galls caused by different flies and midges. This study set out to quantitatively survey goldenrod galls of those three types in Greencastle, Indiana and their potential fitness effects. The literature currently available focuses heavily on the relationships between ball galls and goldenrods, while the other gall types are understudied. This finding was especially surprising considering that the results of our data analysis suggests that the rosette galls were …

Avoidance Behavior Of Oppia Nitens (Oribatid Mites) To Herbicide: Glyphosate Compared To Microplastics In Standard Artificial Soil., Thi Doan '27, Philips Akinwole

Annual Student Research Poster Session

Despite growing public interest in environmental issues, awareness of contaminants affecting soil organisms remains broadly lacking, despite decades of research. This study investigated the impacts of a common herbicide; glyphosate, (Roundup), on the avoidance behavior of Oppia nitens - a soil mite species used as an indicator of soil health, and soil moisture content. The study involved exposing O.nitens to standard artificial soil treated with glyphosate concentrations ranging from 47.8 to 501.6 mg/kg. Avoidance behavior was assessed by observing mite distribution between treated and untreated soil over a 48-hour period. Results demonstrated clear avoidance behavior at higher glyphosate concentrations (501.6 …

Dive Behavior And Feeding Habits Of Two Penguin Species In The Beagle Channel Utilization Of Video Cameras To Analyze Behavior And Feeding Habits Of Magellanic (Spheniscus Magellanicus) And Gentoo (Pygoscelis Papúa) Penguins In The Beagle Channel, Isabella Basille

Argentina: People, Environment, and Climate Change in Patagonia and Antarctica

Abstracto Castellano: Los pingüinos magallánicos y papúa son dos especies que viven en el Canal Beagle, Argentina, con nicho superpuesto con respecto a su alimentación. Este estudio trata de analizar los hábitos de alimentación y comportamiento de buceo usando cámaras de video en la espalda de individuos de las dos especies. Usamos la teoría de alimentación óptima para crear modelos de alimentación óptima para diferentes tipos de presas para las dos especies de pingüinos. Nosotras hipotetizamos que nuestros resultados van a coincidir con la teoría de alimentación óptima, que los pingüinos van a maximizar la ingesta de energía y minimizar …

A Retrospective Analysis Of Sheep Generated By Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Ying Liu, Rusty Stott, Misha Regouski, Zhiqiang Fan, Iuri Viotti Perisse, Tayler Patrick, Jacob Keim, Qinggang Meng, Irina A. Polejaeva

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the primary methods for production of genetically engineered sheep, which allows for gene editing or transgene introduction in somatic cells. The use of SCNT eliminates the risk of genetic mosaicism in embryos and animals that is commonly observed after zygote micromanipulations. This retrospective analysis of SCNT in sheep performed at Utah State University, spanning from 2016 to 2021, examined parameters that may impact pregnancy and full-term development, including donor oocytes (donor age), donor cell lines, SCNT parameters (time of oocyte activation following SCNT, number of transferred embryos, in vitro maturation and culture …

Understanding Session Disparities And Advancing Experiential Learning In Turfgrass Management, Luqi Li

UNL Faculty Course Portfolios

PLAS 229: Introductory Turfgrass Management Laboratory is a sophomore-level course focusing on the practical skills required in turfgrass management. This portfolio documents the teaching methods, course materials, and an analysis of student learning outcomes with a focus on understanding disparities in student performance across sessions and enhancing practical skills through applied activities. Statistical analysis revealed that Session A outperformed Session B on two key field quizzes. This disparity is attributed to logistical differences: students in Session A attended the hands-on, field-based learning opportunities, while Session B faced scheduling conflicts that limited engagement with critical content. These findings underscore the importance …

The Commodification Of Local Food Systems In Bali: Social Media, Processed Foods, And Government Policies., Paisleigh Atwood

Indonesia: Arts, Religion, and Social Change

This study examines the differences in food availability between tourist and rural markets in Bali, focusing on the factors contributing to a diet shift in Bali. Using a mixed-methods approach—including interviews with local residents, observational surveys, and a literature review—this research highlights the influence of tourism, social media, and government policies on food choices and accessibility. Findings reveal a noticeable increase in processed foods in tourist areas, driven by demand for convenience and "Instagrammable" options, while rural markets maintain a higher prevalence of whole foods despite the creeping presence of packaged products. Interviews with participants of different generations further underscore …

Approaching A U.S. Regulatory Framework For Sporeless Seaweed Biotechnology, Gabriela Martinez, Terra Bowling, Catherine M. Janasie, Charlie Doering-Powell, Amalia Aruda Almada

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

Seaweed farming is the fastest-growing aquaculture sector in the United States. The development of sterile, selectively bred (sporeless) seaweed aims to support the economic viability of future large offshore seaweed operations and minimize the environmental risks of these operations to wild seaweed beds. Farmers have implemented analogous breeding techniques to control and enhance most terrestrial crops and common aquaculture products (e.g., oysters and carp). This Article draws from existing federal and state aquaculture policies to explore four pillars critical to a future sporeless seaweed regulatory framework: ensuring maintained sterility, tracing the geographic origin of seed, securing offshore permits, and facilitating …

Enzyme Encapsulation Within The Hk97 Virus-Like Particle: An Investigation Of Substrate Inhibition Kinetics Within A Confined And Crowded Environment, Joseph B. Lively

Chemistry Theses

Substrate inhibition is a paradoxical phenomenon observed in enzyme kinetics where increasing substrate concentrations lead to a marked decrease in the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Affecting an estimated 20% of studied enzymes, substrate inhibition poses significant challenges to the understanding of their function in essential biological processes and to their exploitation in industrial and therapeutic contexts. Studies show substrate inhibition to be a real limitation in vitro and rational conclusions have been drawn to explain the relevance of substrate inhibition in the self-regulation of biological pathways. However, there is currently no consensus on what role substrate inhibition plays in vivo …

Metabolic Adaptation Of Soil Microbial Communities To Metal Contamination: Assessment Of Cadmium Stress, Nina Shaffer '25, Emma Jacobs '25, Philips Akinwole

Annual Student Research Poster Session

Anthropogenic contamination of soil with heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd2+) alters the metabolic activities and structure of soil microbial communities and has profound impacts on the soil ecosystem. In this study, we examined the effects of Cd2+ exposure on soil microbial communities by amending soil solutions with different concentrations of Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate Cd(NO3)2 ● 4H2O (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 mM). 150 µL of the Cd2+ amended and control soil solutions were added to BIOLOG 96-well ecoplates and incubated (26 ±1oC) over a 7-day period for metabolic analysis of 31 selected carbon substrates. Average well-color development (AWCD) …

Phenotypic Variations In T. Repens (White Clover) Leaf Pigmentation, Danielle Sommerman '25, Chiamaka Nbubuokwu '27, Rose Keith

Annual Student Research Poster Session

There is a known variation in patterning amongst the leaves of variegated plants. The reasons as to why this polymorphism occurs has long been debated by botanists and biologists, but some hypotheses include thermoregulation, ultraviolet protection, and pollinator attraction among others (Kuo et al., 2024). We hypothesized that physical location may play a role in the leaf variegation of Trifolium repens (white clover). Starting mid July of 2024, we collected sample leaflets from multiple local populations from three distinct sites in Greencastle, IN. After collecting, we looked at the frequency of chevron presence as well as the size of the …

Development And Quantification Of An Attachment Assay For Epidermal Cells To Varying Extracellular Matrix Dilutions, Julian Vargas '26, Colleen L. Doçi

Annual Student Research Poster Session

The concept of cellular attachment is cells interacting with the extracellular matrices surrounding it. Extracellular matrices are made of various components, and it has been shown that the interactions differ between different classes of extracellular matrices. The basement membrane plays a critical role in the structure and function of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It is composed of key extracellular matrix components, which are crucial for structural stability of the skin and for maintaining the integrity of the epidermis. Through components like collagen, laminin, and proteoglycans, the BM facilitates communication between the epidermal cells and the connective …

A Comparative Analysis Of Urea Vs. Acetamide In Aot Reverse Micelles, Kate Walsh '26, Bridget Gourley, Nancy E. Levinger

Annual Student Research Poster Session

In our exploration of the interactions between water and amide osmolytes, we focused on the effects of urea and acetamide on the stability of reverse micelles (RMs) formed with Sodium Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane. Water, with its unique polarity and its ability to facilitate hydrogen and proton transfer, played a crucial role in our study, as we aimed to uncover how these amides would influence micellar behaviour. Our results revealed a compelling contrast between urea and acetamide. Acetamide, with its lower polarity due to a methyl group substitution, demonstrated superior solubility and significantly reduced precipitate formation compared to urea. This …