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Articles 14701 - 14730 of 254184

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Ottoman Tobacco Pipes From Khan Et-Tujjar (Pp. 263–270), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Ottoman Tobacco Pipes From Khan Et-Tujjar (Pp. 263–270), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Nine clay pipes and one marble pipe were unearthed in the marketplace unearthed southeast of the Ottoman-period citadel northwest of Khan et-Tujjar. The pipes include specimens spanning the entire period of their manufacture and use in the Levant, between the beginning of the seventeenth and the early twentieth century CE.

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Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom Jan 2025

Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom

'Atiqot

The salvage excavation near Khan et-Tujjar yielded a small assemblage of animal bones originating in the marketplace that operated at the site from the late Mamluk to the late Ottoman periods. The assemblage is too small to draw conclusions regarding meat consumption at the Khan et-Tujjar marketplace; however, it seems that most of the meat came from cattle and sheep. Several vertebrae exhibit a split along their length, indicating carving by an expert butcher.

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A Mamluk- And Ottoman-Period Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–56*; English Summary, Pp. 274–275), Edna Dalali-Amos Jan 2025

A Mamluk- And Ottoman-Period Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–56*; English Summary, Pp. 274–275), Edna Dalali-Amos

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted at the southeastern foot of the citadel west of Khan et-Tujjar exposed the remnants of a marketplace known from historical sources and travelers’ and explorers’ diaries, who traveled throughout Syria and Israel during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. The lively and bustling marketplace operated weekly for centuries. The rich finds—including imported vessels from Syria, Turkey, Italy, Spain and even China—attest to an international commercial activity resembling a European fair.

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The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick Jan 2025

The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick

'Atiqot

This report presents the fauna remains from Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, retrieved from the Byzantine-period ashlar building and the Umayyad-period farmhouse. The bone assemblage from Modi‘in is dominated by numerous bone fragments, probably indicating slaughterhouse waste. The low number of cattle is remarkable, indicating local agriculture ruled by caprine herds and derived produce, e.g., milk and wool, as well as a small number of pig bones, probably indicating the ethnicity of the ancient inhabitants, either Jews or Muslims.

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The Glass Finds From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 241–250), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 241–250), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The salvage excavations carried out on the banks of Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, yielded an assemblage of glass finds, all of which were free-blown and many of which were decorated. The finds are characteristic of the Byzantine–Umayyad periods, i.e., the fourth–eighth centuries CE, including bowls, bowls/beakers, bottles, lamps and windowpanes, enhancing our knowledge of the glass products used in this region.

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A Byzantine Rural Complex With An Olive Press And An Umayyad Farmhouse On The Banks Of NahׅAl ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 199–240), Avraham S. Tendler, Hagit Torge Jan 2025

A Byzantine Rural Complex With An Olive Press And An Umayyad Farmhouse On The Banks Of NahׅAl ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 199–240), Avraham S. Tendler, Hagit Torge

'Atiqot

The excavations on the banks of Nahׅal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, unearthed the remains of a Byzantine (sixth century CE) rural agricultural estate, comprising an olive press installed in a natural cave and an ashlar building, and a later Umayyad-period farmhouse (seventh to mid-eighth centuries CE). The pottery finds reflect three architectural phases: the Byzantine-period construction phase; the collapse of the cave’s ceiling and destruction of the installations; and the Umayyad-period farmhouse.

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Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini Jan 2025

Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini

'Atiqot

Three excavation areas were opened in ‘Avedat National Park, revealing important evidence regarding the effects of earthquakes on the Byzantine-period occupation at the site. In Area B, near the South Church, rooms were added on the exterior of an earlier building in the early fifth century CE, next to a heavy revetment wall. The exterior of a wall covered with red-painted (dipiniti) Christian motifs was uncovered in front of a cave, pointing to its use as a stable by a monastic community. It seems that this wall underwent structural damage, probably due to the early fifth-century CE earthquake. The site …

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The Glass Vessels From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 111–141), Yael Gorin-Rosen, Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

The Glass Vessels From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 111–141), Yael Gorin-Rosen, Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ḥammat Gader yielded large quantities of glass fragments mainly dating to two periods: Late Roman/early Byzantine (fourth–early fifth centuries CE), and late Byzantine–Umayyad (seventh–mid-eighth centuries). A few fragments date to the early Abbasid period (second half of eight–early ninth century). The glass assemblage revealed the most common types: bowls, beakers, wineglasses, bottles, oil lamps and a windowpane. The similarities in form, fabrics and workmanship may point to a local glass production.

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Coins From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 143–151), Ariel Berman, Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

Coins From The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader (Pp. 143–151), Ariel Berman, Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

A total of 189 bronze coins, 52 of which were identifiable, were retrieved from the Ḥammat Gader excavations. According to the numismatic evidence, the slope east of ‘Ein el-Jarab was first settled during the second half of the fourth century CE (Straum 4). The bulk of the coins assigned to Stratum 3 date to the fourth–sixth centuries CE, the latest belonging to the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I, dated to the beginning of the eighth century CE and an Umayyad post-Reform fals. All the coins associated with Stratum 2 are Umayyad post-Reform issues, for the most part dating to the eighth …

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Byzantine- And Umayyad-Period Structures Near The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader(Pp. 61–109), Moshe Hartal Jan 2025

Byzantine- And Umayyad-Period Structures Near The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader(Pp. 61–109), Moshe Hartal

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted east of the hot water pools of ‘Ein el-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader, revealed building remains, comprising mosaic floors and flagstone-paved plazas, dating from the end of the Late Roman (Stratum 4), Byzantine (Stratum 3) and Umayyad (Stratum 2) periods. The buildings were apparently destroyed in the earthquake of 749 CE. The site was reoccupied in the ninth century CE, during the Abbasid period (Stratum 1). It seems that the structures and the plaza served the patrons of the hot springs, possibly as dressing rooms and as therapy spaces.

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A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker Jan 2025

A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker

'Atiqot

Remains of a Roman-period mausoleum were exposed, comprising a central room flanked by three loculi on each side. A clay coffin was found in oneloculus, containing a single burial of a 15–25-year-old individual accompanied by an unusual combination of burial goods—oil lamps and glass vessels—that do not align clearly with either Jewish or pagan burial practices.

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Glass Finds From The Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (Pp. 53–60), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Finds From The Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (Pp. 53–60), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

The glass finds from the mausoleum date to the Roman period, mainly to the second and early third centuries CE. Two special vessels were found together in the clay coffin: a kidney-like vessel and a bird-like vessel/funnel. They were used for a specific purpose—medication and chemistry or measuring and trading of specific liquids—and might point to the profession of the interred. Also found were remains of glass production, attesting to the existence of a glass workshop nearby, prior to or after the construction of the mausoleum.

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Glass Vessels From The Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein (Pp. 27*–36*; English Summary, P. 273), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein (Pp. 27*–36*; English Summary, P. 273), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

A small glass assemblage was retrieved from the destruction layer of an Early Roman-period residence uncovered at Nein. To date, only a few glass assemblages originating from Early Roman-period settlement strata in the north of the country have been published, and hence its importance. The assemblage comprises an aryballos, a handled bottle, a juglet and a jug—all dated to the first or the beginning of the second century CE.

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Molluscs From The Early Bronze Age Site At Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 39–42), Inbar Ktalav Jan 2025

Molluscs From The Early Bronze Age Site At Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 39–42), Inbar Ktalav

'Atiqot

This report discusses 49 malacological remains excavated at Ashqelon Afridar, Area N. The finds indicate a primary use of local Mediterranean seashells, alongside a presence of Chambardia rubens from the Nile River. The exchange of Chambardia rubens during EB I coincides with Egyptian influence beginning in Early EB I and becoming fully developed in Late EB I.

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An Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein And Episodes Of The First Jewish Revolt In The Jezreel Valley (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–26*; English Summary, Pp. 271–272), Fadi Abu-Zidan, Yardenna Alexandre, Danny Syon Jan 2025

An Early Roman-Period Residence At Nein And Episodes Of The First Jewish Revolt In The Jezreel Valley (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–26*; English Summary, Pp. 271–272), Fadi Abu-Zidan, Yardenna Alexandre, Danny Syon

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation in Nein revealed architectural remains of four strata: a late Hellenistic-period (first century BCE) building; a luxurious Early Roman-period residence (late first century BCE to second half of the first century CE); two Mamluk-period ṭabuns; and a late Ottoman-period cesspit and house foundations. The Early Roman-period residence yielded many finds: a rich pottery assemblage, including imported ESA bowls, glass vessels, gold earrings, a bronze bracelet, an iron housekey, a bronze pendant, gems, aucissa fibulae and faience beads. A skeleton of a woman was exposed under a layer of ash and collapsed building stones, accompanied by two gold …

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Early Bronze Age I Fauna Remains From Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 35–38), Miriam Pines Jan 2025

Early Bronze Age I Fauna Remains From Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 35–38), Miriam Pines

'Atiqot

An assemblage of 31 bones was recovered from Early EB I strata at Ashqelon Afridar, Area N. It displays similar characteristics to previous bone samples retrieved from the site. Age-at-death and body-part analysis revealed that the animals were butchered at all ages and utilized for different purposes.

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The Early Bronze Age Site Of Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 1–27), Amir Golani Jan 2025

The Early Bronze Age Site Of Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 1–27), Amir Golani

'Atiqot

The excavation in Area N exposed two occupation strata (Strata III and II) dating from Early EB I, which were heavily damaged by later Byzantine-period and modern intrusions (Stratum I). The pottery assemblage comprises three main types: bowls, holemouth jars and storage jars. The vessels are handmade, probably locally produced. Also found were a small assemblage of groundstone artifacts, one small copper-alloy awl, flint artifacts, fauna remains and molluscs. These findings are an important contribution to our understanding of the early stages of the EB I occupation at Ashqelon Afridar, also termed the ‘lost horizon’ or ‘missing link,’ in southern …

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The Flint Assemblage From Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 29–33), Maya Oron Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 29–33), Maya Oron

'Atiqot

The flint assemblage recovered from the excavation at Ashqelon Afridar, Area N, is limited in size. The main diagnostic tools are the Canaanean and sickle blades, characteristic of Early Bronze Age assemblages, with very few exceptions dating to the Chalcolithic period. The appearance of Egyptian items in an early context at Ashqelon may indicate the beginning of the Egyptian influence or presence in the region during the Early Bronze Age period.

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Front Matter, The Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, The Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Chemical And Lead Isotope Composition Of Metal Scrap From Giv‘Ati Parking Lot, Jerusalem (Pp. 347–349), Naama Yahalom-Mack, Ofir Tirosh, Yigal Erel Jan 2025

Chemical And Lead Isotope Composition Of Metal Scrap From Giv‘Ati Parking Lot, Jerusalem (Pp. 347–349), Naama Yahalom-Mack, Ofir Tirosh, Yigal Erel

'Atiqot

Selected metal artifacts and slag from the small-scale Umayyad-period metallurgical workshop uncovered in Givʻati Parking Lot were subjected to chemical and Lead Isotope Analysis. Based on the homogeneous lead isotopic composition of the objects, it was concluded that they were mass-produced during the Byzantine period, using lead from a single source, possibly in Britain or in France. The activity in the workshop included the remelting of older Byzantine-period cultic paraphernalia to form new objects.

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Excavations On The Southwestern Margins Of Giv‘Ati Parking Lot, Jerusalem: Markers Of Byzantine–Early Islamic Transition (Pp. 303–338), Yana Tchekhanovets Jan 2025

Excavations On The Southwestern Margins Of Giv‘Ati Parking Lot, Jerusalem: Markers Of Byzantine–Early Islamic Transition (Pp. 303–338), Yana Tchekhanovets

'Atiqot

The small-scale excavation on the southwestern margins of Giv‘ati Parking Lot exposed important findings dating to the transition between the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. A flagstone-paved street dating from the Byzantine period was exposed, representing one of the major thoroughfares of Jerusalem that served an important pilgrimage route. This street ceased to exist at the beginning of the Early Islamic period when the function of the area changed from residential to industrial. The remains of a small-scale metallurgical workshop, including numerous copper alloy fragments, metal slags, pottery crucible fragments and large amounts of ash, were dated to the Umayyad …

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Coins From GivʻAti Parking Lot, Jerusalem (Pp. 339–345), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

Coins From GivʻAti Parking Lot, Jerusalem (Pp. 339–345), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

A total of 177 coins were discovered in the Giv‘ati Parking Lot excavations. The fifth–sixth-century CE assemblage included old coins that remained in circulation for centuries after their date of issue. Coins dated to the sixth–seventh centuries CE include a number of nummi and multiples of the nummus. The latest identifiable coin is a rare Arab-Byzantine imitation of a dodecanummium attributed to the mint of Fustat in Egypt.

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The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in a grave underneath the floor of a central room in the Byzantine monastery at Har Ḥoma, indicating the primary burial of an adult male. Burials beneath the floors of Byzantine-period monasteries are common in the Jerusalem region.

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The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Har Ḥoma (Pp. 293–295), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Har Ḥoma (Pp. 293–295), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The excavation of the monastic complex at Har Ḥoma yielded 25 glass finds, including vessel and windowpane fragments. The finds are characteristic of the sixth–seventh centuries CE, similar to assemblages of glass vessels and windowpanes discovered in contemporary monastic complexes in Jerusalem and its vicinity. The distribution of the glass finds within the complex sheds light on its architecture and operation.

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The Coins From The Monastery At Har Ḥoma (Pp. 297–300), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

The Coins From The Monastery At Har Ḥoma (Pp. 297–300), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

Eleven coins were discovered in the excavation of the monastery at Har Ḥoma, including a small hoard of three Byzantine gold solidi that was found hidden in the entrance of one of the monastery rooms. This hoard is of great value and would have equaled two months of food supply for all the monks who lived in the coenobium. The reasons for its concealment remain unknown; however, it may be linked to events related to the Persian invasion of 614 CE.

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A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Har Ḥoma, Between Jerusalem And Bethlehem (Pp. 257–292), Yehiel Zelinger Jan 2025

A Byzantine-Period Monastery At Har Ḥoma, Between Jerusalem And Bethlehem (Pp. 257–292), Yehiel Zelinger

'Atiqot

Excavations on the northern slope of a high hill southeast of the Har Ḥoma neighborhood revealed a single-phased, sixth–seventh-century CE Byzantine coenobium monastery, and several quarries and agricultural installations. The monastery comprised a central courtyard surrounded by rooms, a chapel and a winepress. This monastery was small, probably inhabited by a community of about 20 monks. Most of the finds from the site––pottery, glass and coins––date to the Byzantine–Early Islamic periods, up to the eighth century CE. The complex resembles other contemporary monasteries located between Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the two holiest cities of Christianity.

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“(Work) Of Cilo”: An Impression Of A Roman-Period Private Stamp From The Western Wall Tunnels (Pp. 239–255), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Rachel Bar-Nathan, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

“(Work) Of Cilo”: An Impression Of A Roman-Period Private Stamp From The Western Wall Tunnels (Pp. 239–255), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Rachel Bar-Nathan, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

A fragment of a clay roof tile bearing the name Cilo was discovered in the Western Wall Tunnels, west of the Herodian Temple Mount. This impression joins other private stamps of the Late Roman period (second and third/early fourth century CE) previously found in Jerusalem and its environs. The private stamps of the Roman period may be attributed to private workshops that operated in Aelia Capitolina after production ceased in the military workshop at Binyene Ha-Umma.

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Coins From The Excavation Near Warren’S Gate, Jerusalem (Pp. 235–238), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

Coins From The Excavation Near Warren’S Gate, Jerusalem (Pp. 235–238), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

The excavations within the Western Wall Tunnels yielded 15 coins, all bronze or copper-alloy, of which 10 were identifiable. The analysis of the coins in their stratigraphic context aids in dating the construction of the main Valley Street (in the Tyropoeon Valley) and the Stepped Street that extended from the area of Robinson’s Arch to the southern point of the Tyropoeon Valley in the City of David.

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Early Roman To Medieval-Period Pottery From The Excavation Near Warren’S Gate, Jerusalem (Pp. 211–233), Peretz Reuven Jan 2025

Early Roman To Medieval-Period Pottery From The Excavation Near Warren’S Gate, Jerusalem (Pp. 211–233), Peretz Reuven

'Atiqot

The pottery assemblage retrieved from the limited excavation within the Western Wall Tunnels originated in five strata dating from the Early Roman period to the thirteenth or fifteenth centuries CE. Selected sherds from each stratum and phase are illustrated and discussed.

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