Life Sciences Commons^™

Survey Of Nematodes Associated With Terrestrial Slugs In Norway, J. L. Ross, E. S. Ivanova, B. A. Hatteland, M. B. Brurberg, S. Haukeland

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

A survey of nematodes associated with terrestrial slugs was conducted for the first time in Norway. A total of 611 terrestrial slugs were collected from 32 sample sites. Slugs were identified by means of morphological examination, dissection of genitalia and molecular analysis using mitochondrial DNA. Twelve slug species were identified, representing four different slug families. Internal nematodes were identiï¬'d by means of morphological analysis and the sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Of the sample sites studied, 62.5% were found to be positive for nematode parasites, with 18.7% of all slugs discovered being infected. Five nematode species were identified in …

Molecular Comparison Of Cattle Fever Ticks From Native And Introduced Ranges, With Insights Into Optimal Search Areas For Classical Biological Control Agents, John A. Goolsby, F. D. Guerrero, John F. Gaskin, K. G. Bendele, P. Azhahianambi, D. Amalin, M. Flores-Cruz, J. Kashefi, Alexis Racelis

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Cattle fever ticks, the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini), and cattle tick, Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say), are livestock pests endemic to Mexico and invasive along the Texas-Mexico border. Resistance to acaricide, alternate wildlife hosts, and pathogenic landscape-forming weeds present challenges for sustainable eradication of this pest in the U.S. Classical biological control is being explored as a strategy to control cattle fever ticks, especially on alternate hosts such as nilgai antelope, Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas), and white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). Molecular genetic tools were used to compare populations of cattle fever ticks from native and introduced ranges to provide insights …

The Late Quaternary Rio Grande Delta—A Distinctive, Underappreciated Geologic System, Thomas E. Ewing, Juan L. Gonzalez

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The delta of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo in southernmost Texas and northern Tamaulipas is one of the major deltas of North America. Over 600,000 people live on the Holocene delta and river plain, and a million more on its Pleistocene ancestors, yet geo-logic knowledge is limited. Combining available geologic information with global satellite photography gives a balanced view of an important delta. The Holocene delta begins at a point west of San Benito, Texas, forming a classic eastward-opening delta. Over half of the delta lies south of the present Rio Grande drainage. The delta passes westward into a floodplain that …

Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Characteristics Of Four Novel Borate-Based Bioactive Glasses, Megan Ottomeyer, Ali Mohammadkah, D. E. Day, David J. Westenberg

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Bioactive glasses have been developed for medical applications in the body for bone and tissue repair and regeneration. We have developed a borate-containing bioactive glass (13-93B3, referred to as B3), which is undergoing clinical trials to assess its wound-healing properties. To complement the healing properties of B3, metal ion dopants have been added to enhance its antimicrobial properties. Bioactive glasses doped with silver, gallium or iodine ions were found to have broad spectrum antimicrobial effects on clinically relevant bacteria including MRSA. While the B3 glass alone was sufficient to produce antibacterial effects on select bacteria, adding dopants enhanced the broad-spectrum …

The Role Of Retrotransposons In Gene Family Expansions In The Human And Mouse Genomes, Václav Janoušek, Christina M. Laukaitis, Alexey Yanchukov, Robert C. Karn

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Retrotransposons comprise a large portion of mammalian genomes. They contribute to structural changes and more importantly to gene regulation. The expansion and diversification of gene families have been implicated as sources of evolutionary novelties. Given the roles retrotransposons play in genomes, their contribution to the evolution of gene families warrants further exploration. In this study, we found a significant association between two major retrotransposon classes, LINEs and LTRs, and lineage-specific gene family expansions in both the human and mouse genomes. The distribution and diversity differ between LINEs and LTRs, suggesting that each has a distinct involvement in gene family expansion. …

Trade-Offs Between Water Transport Capacity And Drought Resistance In Neotropical Canopy Liana And Tree Species, Mark E. De Guzman, Louis S. Santiago, Stefan A. Schnitzer, Leonor Álvarez-Cansino

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

In tropical forest canopies, it is critical for upper shoots to efficiently provide water to leaves for physiological function while safely preventing loss of hydraulic conductivity due to cavitation during periods of soil water deficit or high evaporative demand. We compared hydraulic physiology of upper canopy trees and lianas in a seasonally dry tropical forest to test whether trade-offs between safety and efficiency of water transport shape differences in hydraulic function between these two major tropical woody growth forms. We found that lianas showed greater maximum stem-specific hydraulic conductivity than trees, but lost hydraulic conductivity at less negative water potentials …

Synthesis Of Huacat® Analogues As Novel Organocatalysts For The Formation Of Asymmetric C-C Bonds, Kenneth Laboy

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The synthesis of organic compounds with preferential stereochemistry is ubiquitous in the scientific community. A chemical reaction that asymmetrically induces one stereoisomer over another is achieved through the use of catalysts and various coupling reagents.1 Inorganic catalysts, such as TiCl4 and ZnCl2, have been documented for many decades as effective agents in the synthesis of asymmetric bonds, however, there are environmental limitations to their use. First, the asymmetric reactions involving these metal catalysts require solvents that are not environmentally-friendly, especially when used on an industrial scale and second, the metal catalysts are recycled when possible, however, there is always metal …

The Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene Occurs On A Minichromosome With Extensive Heteroplasmy In Two Species Of Chewing Lice, Geomydoecus Aurei And Thomomydoecus Minor, Lucas L. Pietan, Theresa A. Spradling, James W. Demastes

Faculty Work

In animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typically occurs as a single circular chromosome with 13 protein-coding genes and 22 tRNA genes. The various species of lice examined previously, however, have shown mitochondrial genome rearrangements with a range of chromosome sizes and numbers. Our research demonstrates that the mitochondrial genomes of two species of chewing lice found on pocket gophers, Geomydoecus aurei and Thomomydoecus minor, are fragmented with the 1,536 base-pair (bp) cytochrome-oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene occurring as the only protein-coding gene on a 1,916–1,964 bp minicircular chromosome in the two species, respectively. The cox1 gene of T. …

Effects Of Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae On Non-Target Ants Associated With Odontotermes Spp. (Isoptera: Termitidae) Termite Mounds In Kenya, E. A. Abonyo, N. K. Maniania, C. M. Warui, E. D. Kokwaro, T. M. Palmer, D. F. Doak, A. K. Brody

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Termites are an important component of savannah ecosystems throughout Africa. Despite their importance in the ecosystem, they can be serious pests of structures, houses, rangelands, tropical forestry, and agriculture. For many decades, chemical insecticides have remained popular for termite management worldwide. However, with the growing environmental concerns over pesticides, biological control using entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin has become an often-considered alternative. Metarhizium anisopliae is an ubiquitous, naturally occurring pathogen, which has been reported infecting over 200 insect species; therefore, there is concern that use of M. anisopliae may affect non-target organisms. The effects of M. anisopliae …

Chemical Parameters And Bacterial Communities Associated With Larval Habitats Of Anopheles, Culex And Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) In Western Kenya, Thomas Ogao Onchuru, Yvonne Ukamaka Ajamma, Marion Burugu, Martin Kaltenpoth, Daniel Masiga, Jandouwe Villinger

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Aquatic larval habitat conditions influence the development, fitness and vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. In turn, human activities can influence these conditions and shape mosquito vector distribution, thus affecting pathogen circulation and transmission. We measured environmental factors (chemical and microbial) in mosquito larval habitats and evaluated their potential as predictors for the occurrence of different mosquito species in an arbovirus and malaria endemic region of western Kenya.We found significantly greater proportions of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae in ammonium and phosphate rich habitats, suggesting that fertilizer usage could potentially increase aquatic habitat suitability and Aedes vectored disease transmission. Anopheles gambiae larval habitats …

Developmental Biology And Demographic Parameters Of Antestia Bug Antestiopsis Thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), On Coffea Arabica (Rubiaceae) At Different Constant Temperatures, Abdelmutalab Gesmalla Ahmed, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Regis Babin

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The antestia bug Antestiopsis thunbergii (Gmelin 1790) is a major coffee pest in East Africa. Nymphs and adults feed on all vegetative and fruiting parts of the coffee tree leading to yield reduction and poor quality of coffee beans. Our study aimed to characterize the developmental biology and provide life table parameters for A. thunbergii reared in the laboratory. The biology of A. thunbergii was studied at four constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C with 80±5% RH and a photoperiod of L:D 12:12. Complete development of A. thunbergii from egg to adult occurred between 20 and 30°C, while …

First Record Of Tuta Absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) In Uganda, Venansio Tumuhaise, Fathiya M. Khamis, Ambrose Agona, Godfrey Sseruwu, Samira A. Mohamed

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

An invasive pest, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) has been observed infesting tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Central Uganda. The affected farmer made the report, and upon visiting the farm, we observed tiny larvae, green to cream in colour with a black head feeding on tomato leaves, fruit, as well as tender stems. Also, we saw several tiny moths resting on screen house linings. Delta traps baited with TUA-Optima® (Russell IPM) were set in and around the affected farm. Dozens of moths were attracted and trapped on the sticky surface of the traps. The team tentatively identified the insect as …

Agronomic Options For Profitable Rice-Based Farming System In Northern Australia, Siva Sivapalan

Books & book chapters

Minimum air temperatures less than 15°C had biggest impact on varietal performance. Cold damage during the months of June and July warrants selection of varieties with cold tolerance for this environment, especially for the aerobic rice system. Ponded water has 4-8°C advantage over the air temperature, thus providing some protection against such cold damage. This has resulted in higher yields under flooded system. Planting dates, varying from late-February to late-May, were found to play a crucial role for plants to escape the low temperature damage at critical growth stages. Among the varieties tested, selected tropical varieties yielded higher than the …

Corn Yield Loss Estimates Due To Diseases In The United States And Ontario, Canada From 2012 To 2015, Daren S. Mueller, Kiersten A. Wise, Adam J. Sisson, Tom W. Allen, Gary C. Bergstrom, D. Bruce Bosley, Carl A. Bradley, Kirk D. Broders, Emmanuel Byamukama, Martin I. Chilvers, Alyssa Collins, Travis R. Faske, Andrew J. Friskop, Ron W. Heiniger, Clayton A. Hollier, David C. Hooker, Tom Isakeit, Tamra A. Jackson-Ziems, Douglas J. Jardine, Heather M. Kelly, Kasia Kinzer, Steve R. Koenning, Dean K. Malvick, Marcia Mcmullen, Ron F. Meyer, Pierce A. Paul, Alison E. Robertson, Gregory W. Roth, Damon L. Smith, Connie A. Tande, Albert U. Tenuta, Paul Vincelli, Fred Warner

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Annual decreases in corn yield caused by diseases were estimated by surveying members of the Corn Disease Working Group in 22 corn-producing states in the United States and in Ontario, Canada, from 2012 through 2015. Estimated loss from each disease varied greatly by state and year. In general, foliar diseases such as northern corn leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and Goss’s wilt commonly caused the largest estimated yield loss in the northern United States and Ontario during nondrought years. Fusarium stalk rot and plant-parasitic nematodes caused the most estimated loss in the southern-most United States. The estimated mean economic loss …

Group I Intron Internal Guide Sequence Binding Strength As A Component Of Ribozyme Network Formation, Elizabeth Satterwhite, Jessica Anne Mellor Yeates, Niles Lehman

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Origins-of-life research requires searching for a plausible transition from simple chemicals to larger macromolecules that can both hold information and catalyze their own production. We have previously shown that some group I intron ribozymes possess the ability to help synthesize other ribozyme genotypes by recombination reactions in small networks in an autocatalytic fashion. By simplifying these recombination reactions, using fluorescent anisotropy, we quantified the thermodynamic binding strength between two nucleotides of two group I intron RNA fragments for all 16 possible genotype combinations. We provide evidence that the binding strength (K_D) between the 3-nucleotide internal guide sequence …

2015 (27th) Report Of The Nou Records Committee, Mark A. Brogie

Nebraska Bird Review

The “Official List of the Birds of Nebraska” was first published in 1988 (NOU 1988) and has been updated three times (NOURC 1997, 2004, 2009). The “Official List” has been appended twenty-five times: (Mollhoff 1989; Grenon 1990, 1991; Gubanyi 1996a, 1996b, 1996c; Brogie 1997, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015; Jorgensen 2001, 2002, 2003).

The American Ornithologists' Union Checklist of North American Birds, Seventh Edition (1998) and its following supplements (AOU: 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015) contain many taxonomic changes affecting …

Summer Field Report, June–July 2016, W. Ross Silcock

Nebraska Bird Review

This was a routine summer, if there is such a thing. Items of interest involved some rarities, most of which were distributional and temporal, some range changes, and a few issues that triggered more discussion than usual.

The only mega-rarity was Nebraska's second Swallow-tailed Kite; this species has apparently moved northward on the Great Plains in the last couple of years. Distributional rarities included the 3rd record for the east of Long-billed Curlew, a White-eyed Vireo in Cherry Co, the 2nd fall Yellow-throated Vireo record for the Panhandle, the 6th Cherry Co record for Purple Martin, and the 5th and …

Nebraska Bird Review (September 2016) 84(3), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Summer Field Report, June–July 2016 ... 110

A Documented Occurrence of Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) in Nebraska … 132

2015 (27th) Report of the NOU Records Committee ... 138

Subscription and Organization Information ... 151

Experimental Infection Of Conventional Nursing Pigs And Their Dams With Porcine Deltacoronavirus, Sarah Vitosh-Sillman, John Dustin Loy, Bruce W. Brodersen, Clayton L. Kelling, Alan R. Doster, Christina L. Topliff, Eric A. Nelson, Jianfa Bai, Erin Schirtzinger, Elizabeth Poulsen, Barbara Meadors, Joseph Anderson, Benjamin Hause, Gary Anderson, Richard Hesse

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified virus that has been detected in swine herds of North America associated with enteric disease. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the pathogenicity, course of infection, virus kinetics, and aerosol transmission of PDCoV using 87 conventional piglets and their 9 dams, including aerosol and contact controls to emulate field conditions. Piglets 2–4 days of age and their dams were administered an oronasal PDCoV inoculum with a quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR quantification cycle (Cq) value of 22 that was generated from a field sample having 100% nucleotide identity to USA/Illinois121/2014 determined …

Cleaning Puparia For Forensic Analysis, Leon G. Higley, Tierney R. Brosius, Karl Reinhard, David Carter

Karl Reinhard Publications

We tested procedures for removing adipocere from insect samples to allow identification. An acceptable procedure was determined: (i) Samples were sorted in petri dishes with 75% alcohol to remove any larvae, adult insects, or other soft-bodied material. (ii) Samples of up to 24 puparia were placed in a vial with 15 mL of 95% acetone, capped, and vortexed for a total of 30–90 sec in 10- to 15-sec bursts. This step removed large masses of adipocere or soil from specimen. (iii) Specimens were removed from acetone and placed in a vial of 15 mL of 2% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and …

A Simplified Direct Lipid Mixing Lipoplex Preparation: Comparison Of Liposomal-, Dimethylsulfoxide-, And Ethanol-Based Methods, Joseph Meisel, George Gokel

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

Established transfection methodology often uses commercial reagents, which must be formed into liposomes in a sequence of about half a dozen steps. The simplified method reported here is a direct lipid mixing approach that requires fewer steps, less manipulation, and is less time-consuming. Results are comparable to those obtained with more commonly used methods, as judged by a variety of analytical techniques and by comparisons of transfection results. The method reported here may be applied to non-liposome-forming compounds, thereby greatly expanding the range of structures that can be tested for transfection ability.

Peroxiredoxin Catalysis At Atomic Resolution, Arden Perkins, Derek Parsonage, Kimberly J. Nelson, O. Maduka Ogba, Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong, Leslie B. Poole, P. Andrew Karplus

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous cysteine-based peroxidases that guard cells against oxidative damage, are virulence factors for pathogens, and are involved in eukaryotic redox regulatory pathways. We have analyzed catalytically active crystals to capture atomic resolution snapshots of a PrxQ-subfamily enzyme (from Xanthomonas campestris) proceeding through thiolate, sulfenate, and sulfinate species. These analyses provide structures of unprecedented accuracy for seeding theoretical studies, and show novel conformational intermediates giving insight into the reaction pathway. Based on a highly non-standard geometry seen for the sulfenate intermediate, we infer that the sulfenate formation itself can strongly promote local unfolding of the active site to …

Long-Term Site Fidelity Of Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis Pectinata) From Different Mothers, Gregg R. Poulakis, Philip W. Stevens, Amy A. Timmers, Christopher J. Stafford, Demian D.F. Chapman, Kevin Andrew Feldheim, Michelle Ra Nae Heupel, Caitlin Curtis

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Understanding how endangered species use nursery habitats is vital for recovery planning. Research on the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) has shown that areas of estuarine nurseries, called hotspots, are used consistently. The objectives of our study were 1) to determine whether 10 young-of-the-year smalltooth sawfish in an artificial, non-main-stem portion (i.e., a seawall canal system) of a hotspot were descended from one or different mothers and 2) to document long-term habitat use by these individuals. At least 4 mothers contributed to the group, which comprised siblings, half-siblings, and unrelated individuals. Young sawfish exhibited site fidelity to their capture location, spending …

Multiple Sensory Modalities Used By Squid In Successful Predator Evasion Throughout Ontogeny, Carly A. York, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Kruger

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Squid rely on multiple sensory systems for predator detection. In this study we examine the role of two sensory systems, the lateral line analogue and vision, in successful predator evasion throughout ontogeny. Squid Doryteuthis pealeii and Lolliguncula brevis were recorded using high-speed videography in the presence of natural predators under light and dark conditions with their lateral line analogue intact or ablated via a pharmacological technique. Paralarval squid showed reduced escape responses when ablated; however, no differences were found between light and dark conditions in non-ablated paralarvae, as was previously shown in juveniles and adults, indicating that the lateral line …

Effect Of Benzene And Ethylbenzene On The Transcription Of Methyl-Tert-Butyl Ether Degradation Genes Of Methylibium Petroleiphilum Pm1, Geetika Joshi, Radomir Schmidt, Kate M. Scow, Michael S. Denison, Krassimira R. Hristova

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and its degradation by-product, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), are widespread contaminants detected frequently in groundwater in California. Since MTBE was used as a fuel oxygenate for almost two decades, leaking underground fuel storage tanks are an important source of contamination. Gasoline components such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) are often present in mixtures with MTBE and TBA. Investigations of interactions between BTEX and MTBE degradation have not yielded consistent trends, and the molecular mechanisms of BTEX compounds’ impact on MTBE degradation are not well understood. We investigated trends in transcription of biodegradation genes …

Reproductive Output Of Mosses Under Experimental Warming On Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica, Angélica Casanova-Katny, G. A. Torres-Mellado, Sarah M. Eppley

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Mosses dominate much of the vegetation in the Antarctic, but the effect of climatic change on moss growth and sexual reproduction has scarcely been studied. In Antarctica, mosses infrequently produce sporophytes; whether this is due to physiological limitation or an adaptive response is unknown. We studied the effect of experimental warming (with Open Top Chambers, OTCs) on sporophyte production on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island for four moss species (Bartramia patens, Hennediella antarctica, Polytrichastrum alpinum, and Sanionia georgicouncinata). To determine whether reducing cold stress increases sexual reproduction as would be predicted if sex is …

Testing The Trait-Based Community Framework: Do Functional Traits Predict Competitive Outcomes?, Jennifer L. Funk, Amelia Wolf

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Plant traits can be used to understand a range of ecological processes, including competition from invasive species. The extent to which native and invasive species are competing via limiting similarity or trait hierarchies has important implications for the management of invaded communities. We screened 47 native species that co-occur with Festuca perennis, a dominant invader in California serpentine grassland, for traits pertaining to resource use and acquisition. We then grew F. perennis with ten species spanning a range of functional similarity in pairwise competition trials. Functionally similar species did not have a strong adverse effect on F. perennis performance …

Comparative Study Of Nutrient Uptake Between Sorghum X Drummond Ii And Cyperus Conglomeratus, A Desert Sedge Native To The Uae, Safaa Ahmed Aldhanhani

Theses

Sudan grass (Sorghum x drummondii) is commonly grown for the production of animal fodder in the UAE. Cyperus conglomeratus (locally termed ‘Thenda’) is a sedge native to the UAE, and one of the very few plants that colonize soils of shifting desert dunes. The native plant is grazed by camels, and may thus have a potential for animal feed production. While Sudan grass is a mycotrophic plant that normally lives in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for facilitation of nutrient uptake, C. conglomeratus is a non-host to these root symbionts. In the desert sedges rhizosheaths comprising of dense coats of …

Hypothalamic Vitamin D Improves Glucose Homeostasis And Reduces Weight, Stephanie R. Sisley, Deanna M. Arble, Adam P. Chambers, Ruth Gutierrez-Aguilar, Yanlin He, Yong Xu, David Gardner, David D. Moore, Randy J. Seeley, Darleen A. Sandoval

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Despite clear associations between vitamin D deficiency and obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, a causal relationship is not established. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are found within multiple tissues, including the brain. Given the importance of the brain in controlling both glucose levels and body weight, we hypothesized that activation of central VDR links vitamin D to the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis. Indeed, we found that small doses of active vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25D₃) (calcitriol), into the third ventricle of the brain improved glucose tolerance and markedly increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, an effect that is …

Sagittal Plane Gait Kinematics In Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability, Matthew C. Hoch, David R. Mullineaux, Kyoungkyu Jeon, Patrick O. Mckeon

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Single joint kinematic alterations have been identified during gait in those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). The purpose of this study was to compare sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle kinematics during walking in participants with and without CAI. Twelve individuals with CAI and 12 healthy individuals walked on a treadmill at 1.5 m/s. Three-dimensional kinematics were analyzed using mean ensemble curves and independent t tests. Participants with CAI demonstrated less lower extremity flexion during the absorption phase of stance and the limb placement phase of swing, which may have implications for limb placement at initial contact.