Life Sciences Commons^™

Assessment Of Morphophysiological Traits For Selection Of Heat-Tolerant Potato Genotypes, Ufuk Demi̇rel, Sevgi̇ Çalişkan, Caner Yavuz, İlknur Tindaş, Zsolt Polgar, Zsolt Vaszily, István Cernák, Mehmet Emi̇n Çalişkan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Since potato production has been expanded into warmer regions, breeding heat-tolerant potato varieties has also been considered among the top priorities in most breeding programs in recent years. Identification of traits related to heat tolerance in potato is crucial for selection of heat-tolerant genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of 17 potato genotypes to high temperature stress for identifying some candidate traits associated with heat tolerance. Haulm dry weight (HDW), leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), SPAD value, and mean tuber weight (MTW) of potato genotypes at control …

Qtls For Iron Concentration In Seeds Of The Cultivated Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medic.) Via Genotyping By Sequencing, Seçi̇l Aldemi̇r, Duygu Ateş, Hülya Yilmaz Temel, Bülent Yağmur, Ahmad Alsaleh, Abdullah Kahri̇man, Hakan Özkan, Albert Vandenberg, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Lentil, Lens culinaris Medic., is an important cool season grain legume because of the high level of iron (Fe) in its seeds since Fe deficiency is widespread and causes anemia. Thus, identifying genes controlling Fe concentration in the seed was needed for mapping in the lentil genome. The objectives of this study were to (i) detect phenotypic variation in Fe concentration in the seeds of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, (ii) construct a high-density linkage map using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), and (iii) identify localization of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling genes for Fe concentration in lentil seeds. …

Natural Dissemination Of Hypovirulent Cryphonectria Parasiticastrain Used For Biological Control Of Chestnut Blight, Naci̇ye Mükerrem Çeli̇ker, Cevdet Kaplan, Emi̇n Ersi̇n Onoğur, Barbaros Çeti̇nel, Di̇lek Poyraz, Ayşe Uysal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica Murr. Barr, is the most serious disease of chestnut trees in Turkey on which several studies related to biological control were conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of the occurrence of healing cankers on untreated chestnut trees and the role of carriers in the spread of hypovirulence by laboratory tests, and to discover the effect of some environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity) on the natural spreading of hypovirulence. The study was carried out in a chestnut grove where biological control studies of the disease had been performed in …

In Vitro Production Protocol Of Vaccinium Uliginosum L. (Bog Bilberry)Growing In The Turkish Flora, Mustafa Cüce, Atalay Sökmen

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This novel approach was designed to increase the production capacity of Vaccinium uliginosum L. via direct organogenesis. Lateral buds containing one or two leaves were initially cultured in McCown woody plant medium (WPM), Anderson's rhododendron medium, and Murashige and Skoog basal media, each supplemented with zeatin/indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and zeatin/naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0/0.1 mg L-1). WPM containing the zeatin/IBA combination was the most effective as the basal medium. Various plant growth regulators (PGRs) were then investigated for the best shoot multiplication, and zeatin was found to be most favorable PGR in all cases. The highest shoot length and shoot …

Effect Of Wood Chip Size On Hemicellulose Extraction Andtechnological Properties Of Flakeboard, Nadi̇r Ayrilmiş, Jin Heon Kwon, Tae Hyung Han

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effect of chip size on hemicellulose extraction of wood and technological properties of flakeboard were investigated. Three different sizes of wood chips were treated with hot water in a digester at 170 °C for 90 min. After hydrothermal treatment, the wood chips were washed with water and then dried in a dryer. Flakes were produced from control and treated chips using a flaker. Flakeboards were produced from the flakes using urea-formaldehyde resin. The results showed that chip size had a significant effect on the chemical properties of hydrothermally treated wood under pressure in hot water. As chip size was …

Afforestation Of Arid And Semiarid Ecosystems In Turkey, Servet Çalişkan, Meli̇h Boydak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sustainable management of arid and semiarid forests requires careful planning and implementation. Afforestation by planting and seeding is a fundamental tool for the establishment of new forests on barren landscapes and restoration of degraded forests in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In afforestation efforts, the consideration of site preparation, selection of species, seed source, and planting methods pose a number of ecological and economic challenges. Possessing one of the world's richest floras, Turkey suffered from heavy degradation during the last millennia. Some studies suggested that forests and steppes once covered 60%-70% and 10%-15% of the Anatolian landscape, respectively. Growing population, overgrazing, …

Response Of Five Triticale Genotypes To Salt Stress In In Vitro Culture, İsmai̇l Bezi̇rğanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Salinity is one of the important abiotic stresses that restrict plant development. Triticale is a highly adaptable crop, known for its high-quality grain, yield potential, and resistance to disease. Responses of five cultivated genotypes (Ümran Hanım, Mikham 2002, Melez 2001, Tatlıcak, and Alper Bey) of triticale to salt stress were tested in callus and embryogenic callus formation in this study. Cotyledon explants were selected as explants for callus induction and embryogenic callus formation. The five tested triticale genotypes varied in their callus growth and embryogenic callus formation. Ümran Hanım, Tatlıcak, and Alper Bey were observed for better callus induction; similarly, …

Diversity And Genetic Analysis Through Dartseq In Common Bean(Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Germplasm From Turkey, Seda Nemli̇, Tansel Kaygisiz Aşçioğul, Duygu Ateş, Dursun Eşi̇yok, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most consumed food legume in the world and is a major source of dietary protein, carbohydrates, and valuable micronutrients, especially in developing countries. Diversity Arrays Technology (DArTseq), based on genome reduction with restriction enzymes, provides a rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective tool capable of generating thousands of genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for a genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity. In this study, we aimed to characterize common bean accessions using SNPs detected by a DArTseq approach. A total of 43,018 SNPs were identified from 173 common bean accessions, including Andean and Mesoamerican genotypes. …

Chemical Composition And Morphometric Traits And Yield Ofcarrots Grown In Organic And Integrated Farming Systems, Natasa Sink, Maja Mikulic Petkovsek, Robert Veberic, Nina Kacjan Marsic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Changes in chemical composition and quality traits of carrot roots (Daucus carota L.) grown in organic (ORG) and integrated (INT) farming systems were investigated during two successive years. Three carrot cultivars (Fanal, Rodelika, and Rolanka) were included. Determinations of sugars, organic acids, α- and ß-carotene, and vitamin C were performed with an HPLC system, and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system was used for the identification and quantification of phenolics. A higher yield of carrot in the ORG system was observed (42-44 t ha-1) as compared with the INT system (37-40 t ha-1). The impact of farming system on morphometric …

The Effects Of Different Plant Densities And Silage Corn Varieties On Silage Yield And Some Yield Parameters In No-Till Seeding, Mehmet Zahi̇d Malasli, Ali̇ Khatami̇, Ahmet Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the possibility of growing silage corn, which is used as an important nutrient in livestock and whose production is increasing in recent years, by no-till seeding method under Erzurum conditions was investigated. For this purpose, three silage corn varieties (DKC-5783, Prestige, and ADA-9510) suitable for Erzurum's climatic conditions in terms of vegetation period were selected from a large number of silage corn seeds widely grown throughout Turkey and their development conditions under no-till seeding conditions were investigated. A precision vacuum no-till seeder with double disk type furrow opener was used for silage corn seeding. Based on three …

Island Life And Isolation: The Population Genetics Of Pacific Wrens On The North Pacific Rim, Christin L. Pruett, Angela Ricono, Cory Spern, Kevin Winker

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Conservation of intraspecific variation is a growing focus of conservation biology. Island populations can make up a large portion of the variation of widespread species, as they are often isolated and exhibit differences in phenotype and genetic structure compared with mainland populations. We genotyped 169 Pacific Wrens (Troglodytes pacificus) from 9 locations and 6 subspecies in Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, to examine the population structure, genetic diversity, and likelihood of genetic rescue of island populations of conservation concern. We found that 25% of genetic variation was partitioned among conservation units delineated by subspecies, suggesting that the present framework …

Climate Change And The Threat Of Novel Marine Predators In Antarctica, Kathryn E. Smith, Richard B. Aronson, Brittan V. Steffel, Margaret O. Amsler, Sven Thatje, Hanumant Pratap Singh, Jeffrey S. Anderson, Cecilia J. Brothers, Alastair Brown, Daniel S. Ellis, J. N. Havenhand, W. R. James, P.-O. Moksnes, A. W. Randolph, T. Sayre-Mccord, J. B. Mcclintock

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Historically low temperatures have severely limited skeleton-breaking predation on the Antarctic shelf, facilitating the evolution of a benthic fauna poorly defended against durophagy. Now, rapid warming of the Southern Ocean is restructuring Antarctic marine ecosystems as conditions become favorable for range expansions. Populations of the lithodid crab Paralomis birsteini currently inhabit some areas of the continental slope off Antarctica. They could potentially expand along the slope and upward to the outer continental shelf, where temperatures are no longer prohibitively low. We identified two sites inhabited by different densities of lithodids in the slope environment along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Analysis …

Repeated Thermal Stress, Shading, And Directional Selection In The Florida Reef Tract, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly R. Mccaffrey

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Over the last three decades reef corals have been subjected to an unprecedented frequency and intensity of thermal-stress events, which have led to extensive coral bleaching, disease, and mortality. Over the next century, the climate is predicted to drive sea-surface temperatures to even higher levels, consequently increasing the risk of mass bleaching and disease outbreaks. Yet, there is considerable temporal and spatial variation in coral bleaching and in disease prevalence. Using data collected from 2,398 sites along the Florida reef tract from 2005 to 2015, this study examined the temporal and spatial patterns of coral bleaching and disease in relation …

Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow From Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Rudis Sauer): Consequences For The Dispersal Of Resistance Genes, Debalin Sarangi, Andrew J. Tyre, Eric L. Patterson, Todd A. Gaines, Suat Irmak, Stevan Z. Knezevic, John L. Lindquist, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Gene flow is an important component in evolutionary biology; however, the role of gene flow in dispersal of herbicide-resistant alleles among weed populations is poorly understood. Field experiments were conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln to quantify pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) from glyphosate-resistant (GR) to -susceptible (GS) common waterhemp using a concentric donorreceptor design. More than 130,000 common waterhemp plants were screened and 26,199 plants were confirmed resistant to glyphosate. Frequency of gene flow from all distances, directions, and years was estimated with a double exponential decay model using Generalized Nonlinear Model (package gnm) in R. PMGF declined by 50% …

Stress-Responsive Pathways And Small Rna Changes Distinguish Variable Developmental Phenotypes Caused By Msh1 Loss, Mon-Ray Shao, Sunil Kumar Kenchanmane Raju, John D. Laurie, Robersy Sanchez, Sally A. Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Proper regulation of nuclear-encoded, organelle-targeted genes is crucial for plastid and mitochondrial function. Among these genes, MutS Homolog 1 (MSH1) is notable for generating an assortment of mutant phenotypes with varying degrees of penetrance and pleiotropy. Stronger phenotypes have been connected to stress tolerance and epigenetic changes, and in Arabidopsis T-DNA mutants, two generations of homozygosity with the msh1 insertion are required before severe phenotypes begin to emerge. These observations prompted us to examine how msh1 mutants contrast according to generation and phenotype by profiling their respective transcriptomes and small RNA populations.

Results: Using RNA-seq, we analyze …

Allelic Variants Of Oshkt1;1 Underlie The Divergence Between Indica And Japonica Subspecies Of Rice (Oryza Sativa) For Root Sodium Content, Malachy T. Campbell, Nonoy Bandillo, Fouad Razzaq A. Al Shiblawi, Sandeep Sharma, Kan Liu, Qian Du, Aaron J. Schmitz, Chi Zhang, Anne-Alienor Very, Aaron J. Lorenz, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Salinity is a major factor limiting crop productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple crop for the majority of the world, is highly sensitive to salinity stress. To discover novel sources of genetic variation for salt tolerance-related traits in rice, we screened 390 diverse accessions under 14 days of moderate (9 dS m^-1) salinity. In this study, shoot growth responses to moderate levels of salinity were independent of tissue Na⁺ content. A significant difference in root Na+ content was observed between the major subpopulations of rice, with indica accessions displaying higher root Na⁺ and japonica …

Using An Active-Optical Sensor To Develop An Optimal Ndvi Dynamic Model For High-Yield Rice Production (Yangtze, China), Xiaojun Liu, Richard B. Ferguson, Hengbiao Zheng, Qiang Cao, Yongchao Tian, Weixing Cao, Yan Zhu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The successful development of an optimal canopy vegetation index dynamic model for obtaining higher yield can offer a technical approach for real-time and nondestructive diagnosis of rice (Oryza sativa L) growth and nitrogen (N) nutrition status. In this study, multiple rice cultivars and N treatments of experimental plots were carried out to obtain: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), above-ground dry matter (DM), and grain yield (GY) data. The quantitative relationships between NDVI and these growth indices (e.g., LAI, DM and GY) were analyzed, showing positive correlations. Using the normalized modeling method, an appropriate NDVI simulation model …

The Effect Of Phosphorus And Nitrogen Limitation On Viral Infection In Microcystis Aeruginosa Nies298 Using The Cyanophage Ma-Lmm01, Katelyn Mckindles

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Throughout different times in freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHAB), the availability of specific nutrients from the environment varies, causing fluctuations in the severity and species composition of a bloom. In addition to nutrient regulation of blooms, the cyanobacteria are subject to regulation by biotic factors, including phage infection. To address the potential role of cyanophages on the dominant species in most cHABs during nutrient-limited periods, we studied a specific host-phage system: Ma- LMM01 (phage) and Microcystis aeruginosa strain NIES298 (host), both of which originate from a eutrophic lake in Japan. The effect of phosphate and nitrogen limitation on phage …

Dna Metabarcoding Reveals Provisioning Of Pollution-Sensitive Aquatic Insects, Resource Partitioning, And Dietary Shifts Among Breeding Neotropical Migratory Songbirds In A Riparian Habitat, Brian K. Trevelline

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Elucidating the diet of Neotropical migratory birds is essential to our understanding of their ecology and to their long-term conservation. Beyond broad taxonomic or morphological categories, however, the diet of Neotropical migrants is poorly documented. Using the molecular techniques of DNA barcoding and next-generation sequencing, we elucidated the diet of Neotropical migratory songbirds breeding in the riparian zones of headwater Appalachian streams. This approach resulted in a genus- or species-level description of diets that improved the current understanding of how songbirds utilize aquatic prey resources in riparian habitats. Furthermore, our approach revealed that breeding songbirds partition prey resources within a …

Testing Alternative Hypotheses For The Cause Of Population Declines: The Case Of The Red-Headed Woodpecker, Walter D. Koenig, Eric L. Walters, Paul G. Rodewald

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) has experienced strong population declines during the past 3 decades. Using North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data, we investigated 4 hypotheses that may explain this decline, including: (1) interspecific competition with native Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) and nonnative European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris); (2) predation by Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) and Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus); (3) climate change; and (4) changes in forested area within their range. In analyses of both the breeding and overwintering periods, our results indicated …

The Breeding Bird Community Of A Remnant Urban Woodland In Mcallen, Texas, John S. Brush, Alexis Racelis, Timothy Brush

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

We conducted a breeding bird survey of a remnant thorn-forest at McAllen Nature Center in 2015 and 2016 to assess the breeding bird community and compare it to that of a larger, exurban refuge. We recorded 37 territorial species in McAllen Nature Center, including 15 species not reported at the exurban tract. Thirteen of these predominantly used the more open, human -maintained habitats in the northern and western sides of the park. The presence of many common thorn-forest birds, including a subset of the regions “South Texas specialty” species, is encouraging. Small remnant woodlands such as McAllen Nature Center may …

The Effects Of A Worksite Wellness Program On Prescription Claims, Carrie Deann Davidson

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the worksite wellness weight loss program called Weight Loss Matters (WLM) for employees at the University of Kentucky. The three main objectives were to measure the effect of Weight Loss Matters for employees from June 2006 to December 2011 in the following areas (1) prescription claims for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, (2) weight loss, and (3) food diary compliance. Participants included 591 employees who participated in WLM for at least one session from 2006 to 2011 for whom there were data. This study employed a Quasi-experiment, longitudinal design. Data …

Differences In The Muscle Activity For Baseball Hitters Of Varying Skill, Ethan M. Stewart

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

INTRODUCTION: Muscle activity and timing of the swing phases may contribute to the differences we see in athletes at different skill levels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences between mean muscle activity, peak muscle active and time to peak muscle activity for select muscles in the lower extremity as well as the differences between start times for swing phases and bat velocity prior to impact for a skilled and recreational group. METHODS: Twelve healthy subjects were split into two groups based on competitive level and analyzed hitting off of a tee. RESULTS: No significant differences were …

Self-Reported Adherence To Physical Activity For Cancer Survivors: An Update From The 2015 Nhis Database, Andrew Jackson Shearer

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in America. It’s been suggested that regular physical activity (PA) can improve health outcomes in cancer survivors. An estimate from BRFSS data (2009) suggested that 47% of all cancer survivors met recommended guidelines and that this estimate was not different from the population at large (48%). Several factors were examined from these BRFSS data to determine whether subgroups of survivors existed who might benefit from interventions aimed at improving their PA status. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain more recent estimates of adherence to established PA guidelines for cancer survivors. …

Antifungal Genome Mining And Genetics In Filamentous Actinomycete Bacteria Isolated From Local Soils, Jacob Alex, Kevin Lou, Bilal Makhdoom

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Actinomycetes are gram positive, filamentous bacteria that produce useful antibiotics, antitumor agents, and agricultural products. A series of enrichments were undertaken to isolate actinomycetes from local soils, varying enrichment media, antibacterials, and soil treatments (including heat and CaCO3). Isolates were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing, phenotypic and morphological observations, and antibiotic production. The genetic tractability of select isolates was analyzed using a panel of integrating vectors derived from ɸC31, ɸBT1, and OzzyJ phage using intergeneric conjugation. Further, a semi-degenerate multiplex PCR assay to detect ɸBT1 genomic integrants was designed and tested for the first time. Finally, PCR screens were used …

Structural Integrity And Physical Properties Of Ponderosa Pine Over Time After Death Between Vectors Of Mortality, Edward J. O'Donnell

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In an era of accelerated climate change, with persistent and increasing disturbance on our landscapes it is important to increase our knowledge of how these natural disturbances effect our lands. This study investigated the changes that take place in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stems after death when killed by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and by fire. Trees killed by mountain pine beetle as well as trees killed by fire were sampled and separated into two age classes, those dead 0-4 years and those dead 4+ years. Data was gathered on the modulus of rupture, modulus …

¬Multilocus Phylogeny Of The Lichen Family Megasporaceae, Tim B. Wheeler

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The lichen symbiosis is one of the oldest studied mutualisms; in fact, Frank and De Bary coined the term "symbiosis" while studying lichens (Frank, 1877; De Bary 1879). The widespread, stable association between the mycobiont and photobiont in lichens offers an ideal system for the study of co-evolution. The recent application of molecular data to lichens has begun to unveil the complexities involved in these associations (Upreti et al. 2015, Spribille et al. 2016). Lichenized fungi make up a huge fraction of fungal diversity (Nash 2008), yet very little is known of their genetic diversity. Fungal taxonomy is notoriously difficult …

Response Of Amphibian And Invertebrate Communities To Wetland Mitigation In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Leah K. Swartz

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Wetlands play a critical role in supporting freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services, but human activities have resulted in large-scale loss and degradation of these habitats across the globe. To offset the decline of wetland area, mitigation wetlands are now frequently constructed, but their ability to replace the functions of natural habitats, including providing habitat for native fauna, remains uncertain. A recent highway reconstruction project in northwestern Wyoming caused impacts to and the destruction of multiple natural wetlands. To mitigate this loss, new wetlands were constructed along the highway corridor. To evaluate the performance of these created wetlands relative to reference …

Environmental Vibration Reduction Utilizing An Array Of Mass Scatterers, A. T. Peplow, L. V. Andersen, P. Bucinskas

All Works

© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Ground vibration generated by rail and road traffic is a major source of environmental noise and vibration pollution in the low-frequency range. A promising and cost effective mitigation method can be the use of heavy masses placed as an array on the ground surface near the road or track (e.g. concrete or stone blocks, specially designed brick walls, etc.). This work concerns the effectiveness of such "blocking" masses. A semi-analytical lumped-parameter method is utilized, assuming that the blocks are point masses situated on an elastic half-space. The work is enhanced by examples …

Positive Bias In Bird Strikes To Engines On Left Side Of Aircraft, Richard A. Dolbeer, William J. Barnes

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Previous studies have indicated more birds collide with communication towers equipped with red warning lights than with towers equipped with lights of shorter wavelengths. We used the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration’s National Wildlife Strike Database to determine if a similar relationship exists for turbine-powered jet aircraft with 2 underwing- or fuselage-mounted engines and bird strikes. We compared bird strikes reported to engine #1 (left side = red lighting) or to engine #2 (right side = green lighting) using chi-square tests (α = 0.05). For both underwing- and fuselage-mounted engines, more (P ≤ 0.04) strikes were reported for engine #1 compared …