Life Sciences Commons^™

Net Assimilation And Longevity Of Alfalfa Stands, R A. Moore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stand reduction in established fields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has often been observed. This may be related to an increase in non­photosynthetically active tissue, causing respi­ration to exceed photosynthesis. Net carbon dioxide exchange rate (NCE) per unit leaf area and rate of respiration per gram of forage were determined from plants grown under field conditions. The uptake and evolution of carbon dioxide per plant were measured. The data suggest that the greater root mass of 2-year-old plants does add considerably to the evolution of carbon dioxide by the plant.

Some Results Of Studies On Correlations Between The Size Of The Assimilating Area And The Biomass Production In Medicago Sativa L. And Trifolium Pratense L., F Hrabe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The dependence of the biomass production upon the size of the assimilating area of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. was confirmed. However, this dependence was not linear in all the cuttings; in Medicago sativa and tetraploid Trifolium pratense the opti­mum values of the leaf area index (LAI) were 5 to 6 m2/m2 and 4 to 5 m2 /m2, respectively. In the second cutting, the highest production of both species was obtained when LAI was smaller by 1 m2/m2 than that of the first cutting. In M. sativa and tetraploid T. pratense the maximum assimilating area (leaves and stems) …

Morphological Characters Associated With Productivity Of Tall Fescue, C J. Nelson, D A. Sleper

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Number of tillers and yield/tiller of tall fescue were similar in their association with forage yield, but were negatively correlated (r = -0.21 **) with each other. Area ofli:3f 6, which was correlated with leaf area expansion rate (r = 0.81 **), was correlated higher with yield/tiller (r = 0.58**) than with tiller number (r = -0.16*). Seeding characters were not strongly associated with number of tillers. In continental climates cool-season forage grasses produce most of their yield during the reproductive growth phase. In order to improve summer and fall productivity we are investi­gating development of the vegetative canopy. RHODES …

The Effect Of Changes In Crop Structure On Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Production, And Chemical Composition Of Lolium Perenne, L Sibma, W Louwerse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To study the effect of changes in leaf position in perennial ryegrass during the growing season, the leaf position was changed with wide­meshed wire netting in field and greenhouse experiments. CO2 measurements with a mobile unit showed that changing the leaf position from erecto­phile to planophile decreased the carbohydrate production by 30 %, and that proportional recovery of the production occurred when the leaves were replaced in the original erecto­phile position. Throughout a single growing period the nega­tive effect of a planophile leaf position on dry matter production above ground was 10% at the highest. This was associated with lower …

Influence Of Cutting Frequency On Quantity And Quality Of Root Matter Of Different Grasses After Two Years Of Utilization, J Stuczynska, S Jakubowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of cutting date and cutting frequency on the formation of the root system of several forage grasses was investigated in experiments over several years. The grass species differed in their response. Best tolerance of cutting was found in Festuca arundinacea, with Dactylis glomerata and Phalaris arundinacea ranking second and third, respectively. Bromus unio­loides was the most susceptible species. The amount of nitrogen contained in the dry matter decreased, for example in Dactylis, as the number of cuts increased. The mineral content of stubble and roots tends to increase as the cutting frequency goes up.

Trends Of Development In The Production Of Artificially Dried Feeds, M A. Smurygin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In recent years, many countries have seen trends towards specialization and enlargement of pro­duction units and transition to industrialized livestock farming technologies. New techno­logies are being prepared for feeding and industrialized feed production. The production of artificially dried feeds, including pellets and wafers, is going up continuously. The produc­tion of such feeds allows to cut nutrient losses to half and even one third as well as to accomplish mechanization and automation of feed production and feed distribution. Wider use of finished feeds in pelleted and wafered form, hence, will be instrumental to more requirement-oriented feeding and to maximiz­ing livestock production. …

Problems Of Modern Management Of Mountain Grassland, Jan Caputa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The importance of grassland does increase with the progression of latitude towards the polar circles, and with rising altitude. The potential of grass production is estimated to about 55 kg dry matter or 4 kg meat (live weight)/ha per day of growth. The develop­ment of management in mountain grassland does not keep the same rhythm as in the lowland. The modernization of mountain grass­land utilization should especially take into consideration the following points :

-Separation of lands being suitable or unsuit­able for agricultural purposes;

-Careful preservation for agricultural use of grassland areas suited for mechanized harvest of forage for winter …

Grazing Values Of The Boreal Forest And Tundra Regions, William L. Pringle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing values of the Boreal forest and tundra regions of our world offer a tremendous future potential for the production of red meat. One of the only means we have of efficiently utilizing our northern lands is by grazing animals -that are able to forage over extensive areas. The Boreal forest and tundra biomes of the world occupy about 2. 3 billion ha. This area is equal to 85 % of the total potential arable area of the earth's surface. By far the largest portion occurs in the U.S.S.R. which has 1.2 billion ha of forest and 321 million ha …

The Intensification Off Forage And Livestock Production In Sub-Tropical Areas, L R. Humphreys

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Options available for the intensification of forage production in sub-tropical areas are contrasted. Research on the removal of inedible species, the provision of stock-drinking water, the control of stocking rate and the incor­poration of well-adapted pasture legumes should receive priority. Approaches to maintaining continuity of forage supply and legume per­sistence are discussed.

The Importance Of Ley Farming For Improving The Forage Basis Of Tropical Africa, V A. Oyenuga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The concept and practice of including short­duration pasture mixtures or leys in agricultural rotations, particularly for intensive livestock production, are of recent development in tropical Africa. Although mixed farming -the keeping of animals for farm work, producing farmyard manure for the maintenance of soil fertility, and rearing of dairy cows to produce milk for household use - was first introduced as an organized system of settled farming in Nigeria in 1922, intensive animal husbandry, based on intensively maintained pasture mix­tures, be it on a small or large scale, is still in the process of widespread development in many parts of …

The Grassland Of Africa: Classification, Production Evolution And Development Outlook, H N. Le Houerou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands in the broader meaning, i.e. grazing lands, occupy huge areas in Africa, prob­ably in the vicinity of 10 million km2 (1000 million hectares), of which some 800 million hectares of permanent pastures and 200 mil­lion hectares of grazed woodland and open forest. There are also some 210 million hectares of crops and fallows most of which are grazed for part of the annual cycle. These African grasslands thus represent 7.5 % of the world's total land surface and 1/3 of its total acreage of grassland; they also corre­spond to 33 % of the surface of the continent, the remainder …

Pasture Possibilities In The Tropics, Fernando Perez Infante

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Frnm an academic viewpoint, only biological aspects of pasture possibilities in the Tropics are considered in this paper. In spite of being an important . part of these possibilities, no mention would be made of a fundamental aspect, i.e. the one related to the people living in the Tropics and the ways in which they could make use of the potentials offered by their pastures to improve their living conditions. Thus when we come to consider "possibilities", it is not only a question of solving technical problems, but there are also economic and cultural factors which must be kept in …

Management Of Arid Pastures, Cyrus M. Mckell, Don D. Dwyer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Arid pasture, natural grazing land, or rangeland are synonymous terms used to describe the extensive areas of open, non-cultivated arid lands over which domestic livestock and wildlife roam in search of feed. These lands are characteristically low in productivity and if managed, the level of management is extensive and based on ecological principles. The term rangeland originated in the United States of America and is gradually gaining usage in other countries to differentiate between intensively managed pastures of humid and sub-humid regions, and the open steppes, deserts, shrub­lands and dry non-commercial forested lands which, in addition to grazing, provide non­consumptive …

New Objectives And Modern Methods Of Forage Grass Breeding In The German Democratic Republic, Heinrich Baudis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of forage grass breeding in the GDR are derived from the social development processes which, in socialist agriculture, find their expression in further intensification, concentration and spezialization of plant and animal production. New aspects which have been recognized only recently, for example, positive response to intensification measures, suitability for industrialized production me­thods, increased yield stability and improved quality in addition to a higher yielding poten­tial, have the decisive say in the breeding tar­gets. The most important traits and properties from the breeder's point of view are dealt with in detail. Explanations on practical breeding work and on some …

Possibilities Of Dry Matter Production From Forage Plants Under Different Climatic Conditions, Th Alberda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On the basis of the gross photosynthesis of closed green grass swards the net potential dry herbage production of permanent pastures is calculated for the climatic and soil conditions for the so-called broad soil regions and summa­rized per continent. The values thus obtained form the upper level of dry herbage production to be reached on the prevailing permanent pas­ture area. Subsequently the minimum level of dry herb­age production is calculated, based on data on the production of marketed secondary prod­ucts as meat and milk. Since not all these secondary products are marketed and since not all the herbage produced is …

The Gene Pool And Its Use In Breeding Grassland Plants, Anna Novoselova

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. The gene pool of grassland plants is of great diversity and localized in certain centres of origin where the carriers of germ plasma are concentrated for the most important bio­logical characters and properties of a great variability of species.

2. New intensive varieties for mowing and grazing have been bred by advanced breeding methods and by taking advantage of the gene pool of the most important plant species throughout the world.

3. Wild-growing species were found to have great prospects for opening up soils of poor productivity by mowing and grazing use. They constitute a great reserve of genetic …

The Environment And Population Differences In Anjan Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) In Western India, S C. Pandeya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cenchrus ciliaris (anjan or buffel grass) is a gregarious fodder species with high nutritive value. The species is an inhabitant of drier sandy areas throughout Africa, Canary Island, Madagascar and eastwards to India, where it mostly occurs in western parts of the country, constituting the States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Hayana and the adjoining portions of Punjab, U ttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh ( called here in as Western India). In Western India, Cen­chrus ciliaris (Cc) variously dominates the nat­urally occurring grazing lands exhibiting great morphological variations with respect to habit. and spike characters. The ecoclimate of Western India is arid …

Review Of 50 Years Grassland Farming And Trends Of Development In The Further Intensification Of Forage Production In The German Democratic Republic, Eberhard Wojahn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This our XIII International Grassland Congress is being held at the invitation of the Govern­ment of the German Democratic Republic following the decision of the XII International Grassland Congress in Moscow in 1974 that this Congress shall be held as a jubilee event here in Leipzig. It is the Jubilee Congress reminding us of the First International Grass­land Congress which was held 50 years ago, during the last days of May, 1927, in this time-honoured University town and centre of world trade. Because of that jubilee character this XIII International Grassland Congress is of very special importance.

Influence Of Feeding On Health And Productivity Of Ruminants, Alexander Sommer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

As to the utilization of plant matter not suited for direct consumption by man, ruminants are of outstanding importance. This fact is related with the function of their specific stom­ach system. The paper discusses the microbial protein synthesis from NPN compounds. When 50 per cent of digestible crude protein required by fattening cattle were replaced, daily live weight gains of 997 g were reached; beef quality was not affected. Similarly favourable results were obtained with dairy cows when replacing by NPN compounds 50 to 100 per cent of extracted meals. Further on, the problem of crude-fibre diges­tion in connection with …

The Use Of Public Relations Departments In Palestinian Private Companies In The Northern Governorates On Social Media And Its Impact On Achieving Competitive Advantage, Ahmed Ammar

Middle East Journal of Communication Studies

This study aimed to examine the use of public relations departments in private Palestinian companies in the northern governorates for social media and their impact on achieving competitive advantage. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, with data collected via a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 49 employees in public relations and related administrative roles. Descriptive analysis indicated that digital content management, media communication, audience engagement, relationship building, and performance monitoring and strategic analysis are all key factors in enhancing competitive advantage, with varying levels of impact. Multiple regression analysis showed that digital content management and media communication and audience …

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Deschutes Milkvetch (Astragalus Tegetarioides), Nora Dunkirk, Gabriel Campbell, Sue Vrilakas

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Deschutes Milkvetch (Astragalus tegetarioides) using NatureServe methodology, 2026.

Height Does Not Impair The Hydraulic System Of The Tallest Tropical Dipterocarp Trees, Paulo Bittencourt, Arne Scheire, Palasiah Jotan, Jehova Lourenço-Junior, Lindsay F. Banin, Mohd. Aminur Faiz Bin Suis, David Frp Burslem, Bradley O. Christoffersen, David Coomes, Peter Groenendijk

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Half of the aboveground biomass in forests is stored in a disproportionately small number of very tall trees. These giants are predicted to be more vulnerable to drought-induced damage because height impairs their hydraulic system. We evaluated whether the hydraulic system of world’s tallest tropical tree species—Southeast Asian dipterocarps—are negatively affected by their height. The more negative xylem pressures caused by tree height were fully compensated for through adjustment of vessel anatomy and leaf hydraulic traits, and the trees suffered no height-related loss in growth during a severe drought. Therefore, height does not make the hydraulic systems of the world’s …

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Mt. Hood Bugbane (Actaea Laciniata), Nora Dunkirk

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Mt. Hood Bugbane (Actaea laciniata) using NatureServe methodology, 2026.

Defining Contractile And Age-Specific Remodeling In Atrial Fibrillation, Hannah Cizauskas

Dissertations

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common cardiac arrythmia worldwide and is characterized by hallmarks including electrical, fibrotic, and hemodynamic remodeling, each of which can cause or be caused by alterations in the contractile apparatus. However, there is little known about contractile remodeling in AFib. While our current understanding of AFib lacks contractile remodeling, it also largely ignores the contribution of aging-induced remodeling. Aging is the strongest risk factor for AFib development, with most patients diagnosed with AFib over the age of 70, and aging also involves the three molecular hallmarks of AFib, which could explain increased susceptibility of AFib …

Assessing Integrated Pest Management Protocols For The Invasive Aquatic Weed Giant Salvinia (Salvinia Molesta), Samantha Lee Prinsloo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) is free-floating aquatic fern that originates from South America. Through human introduction, giant salvinia has escaped its native range and is listed as an invasive species across multiple continents causing negative socio-economic and environmental impacts. This research aimed to expand our understanding of integrated pest management for controlling giant salvinia by combining chemical and biological control. The objectives were to assess the effects of rainfastness, carrier volume, and growth stage on herbicide efficacy, assess augmented biological control and optimal weevil release densities, assess weevil populations in the field, determine herbicide and surfactant toxicity to …

First Photographic Record Of A Pale-Colored Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa) Consistent With Leucism In The Zagros Mountains, Iraqi Kurdistan, Bahez F. Ali, Hana A. Raza, Nabaz Horeni

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Pigmentation anomalies in wild mammals are rare and poorly documented in wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations. Leucism, characterized by partial loss of melanin while retaining normal eye pigmentation, represents one of the least frequently reported coloration anomalies in the species. During a camera-trap survey in Bamo Mountain, Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan, an unusually pale-colored wild boar consistent with leucism was recorded. The individual exhibited cream to light-blond pelage with retained darker pigmentation on the snout and distal limbs, while the eyes remained normally pigmented. Its morphology and behavior were otherwise consistent with those of a typical wild …

Cultivating Narratives: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Higher Education Student-Led Farms And Gardens, Maximilan Sherard, Marc T. Sager

Publications

Despite extensive research on community agriculture, little attention has been paid to student-led farms or gardens (SFGs) in higher education contexts. SFGs represent a unique site for community agriculture due to their diverse stakeholders, academic affiliations, and the institutional policies they navigate. This study examines online promotional materials from 42 SFGs located on land-grant higher education campuses across the United States. Using critical discourse analysis, we (1) map these organizations’ practices and (2) identify competing discourses about community and agriculture within their promotional narratives. We identify and explain four core practices (membership, growing, distribution, and purpose) and connect these practices …

Field Trials Report 2025: Wa Farming Systems Project (Daw2204-003rtx), Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics research reports

In 2025 the Western Australian Farming Systems Project continued its program of field trials, from Northampton in the north to Wittenoom Hills in the south, to address our project outputs; investigate diversity within farming systems, evaluate changes in sowing opportunities, identify profitable low greenhouse gas emission options and monitor crown rot following diverse crop sequences.

Utilizing Diapause In A Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Laboratory Colony As A Cost Saving Measure, W. H. White

Midsouth Entomologist

The ability to rear insects in the laboratory broadens the scope of research opportunities available to the scientist. Our laboratory routinely rears the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), for research in host plant resistance and biological control of this important sugarcane pest. Unfortunately, insect rearing is a costly process. One option to reduce cost is to hold a founder population in diapause during times when insects are not needed. These insects can then be brought out of diapause and allowed to reconstitute the colony. A procedure was developed to put larvae of the sugarcane borer into diapuase, hold these larvae …

First Report Of Larra Bicolor (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) In Alabama, C. M. Abraham, D. W. Held, C. Wheeler

Midsouth Entomologist

A survey of golf courses in southern and coastal Alabama has revealed a new record of Larra bicolor in Alabama. Larra bicolor males and females were collected or observed on four of the eight golf courses sampled.