Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

The Reliability Of Through Glass Vias And Solder Joints For Three Dimensional Multi Functional Integrated Systems, Omar Ahmed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Three-dimensional (3D) integration technologies, including interposer-based integration, are among the most promising solutions to meet the increased demand for high performance computing, high chip density, and small form factor. Key technologies that enable 3D integration include through-substrate vias and solder joints. Glass is considered as a promising substrate material for interposer-based 3D integration technology especially in radio frequency applications because of glass's high resistivity, low dielectric constant, low electrical loss, and the adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). However, during fabrication or service, through-glass vias can suffer from interface delamination and substrate cracking. The problem of copper protrusion is also …

Investigation Of Via Extrusion And The Effect Of Cap Layer For 3d Integrated Circuits, Golareh Jalilvand

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Copper (Cu) through-silicon via (TSV) is an essential structural and functional element in three-dimensional integration circuits (3D ICs), which offers substantial improvements in integration density, form factor, device performance, and power efficiency. However, Cu-filled TSVs are exposed to multiple thermal cycles during fabrication, test and operation, which lead to the development of considerable thermal stresses, in and around the vias, due to the large mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between Cu and silicon (Si). The stress subsequently raises reliability concerns, among which, via extrusion is an important one. Via extrusion can damage the adjacent components, in particular …

Understanding The Deformation Mechanisms In Ni-Based Superalloys With Using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method, Tianju Chen

Doctoral Dissertations

“Ni-based superalloy is considered as a good candidate due to its excellent resistance to elevated temperature deformation for long term period application. Understanding the deformation and failure mechanisms of Ni-Based superalloys is very helpful for providing design guidelines for processing Ni-based superalloys. Experimental characterization indicates that the deformation mechanisms of Ni based superalloy is strongly microstructure dependent. Besides, damage transform from the void nucleation to the macro cracks by voids growth leading to the failure of the Ni-based superalloys are also showing strong microstructure sensitivity. Therefore, this work focuses on the prediction and comprehension of the deformation and void growth …

Characteristics Of Nanosilver Ink (Utdag) Microdroplets And Lines On Polyimide During Inkjet Printing At High Stage Velocity, Aamir Hamad, Adam Archacki, Ahsan Mian

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The performance of printed electronics strongly depends on printing techniques and printing resolution that enhance their electrical and mechanical properties. In this research paper, a Jetlab 4xl was used to control and dispense microdroplets of highly conductive nanosilver ink (UTDAg) on a polyimide substrate. The waveform effect on the droplet generation is characterized by measuring the size and the speed of the drops. The behavior of ejected drops on the substrate is studied by printing lines at different drop spacing and stage velocity. The jetting parameters that drive the piezoelectric actuator were properly determined and two waveforms (bipolar) were created …

A Numerical Simulation On The Airfoil S833 Equipped With Flapping Trailing Edge Fringes, H. Yu, Zifeng Yang

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Design optimization has been increasingly investigated for an airfoil, aiming to reduce the vorticity in the wake and increase the aerodynamic performance. In the current work, a two-dimensional (2D) S833 airfoil equipped with a flapping fringe at the trailing edge has been studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The objective is to investigate the influence of the length (Lf) and flapping frequency (f) of the fringe on shedding vortices from the airfoil and the drag and lift coefficients. The validation of the current numerical approach for both static and dynamic motions of the airfoil was conducted. First, four different …

Additive Manufacturing Of Copper-Based Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Binghao Lu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Copper (Cu) and Cu-alloy are good candidates for the engineered components that require good thermal and electrical conductivity. Since industry often needs sophisticated components that cannot be made easily by traditional methods, such as casting, forging and machining, research for additive manufacturing of copper-based alloy is on demand. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the optimization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Cu-10 wt.% Sn alloy and pure Cu based on their characteristics such as relative density/porosity, surface roughness, phase constitutes, melt pool dimension, and dendrite arm spacings dimension, determined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope. LPBF, …

Mechanical Behavior Assessment Of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Produced By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Asif Mahmud

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The present work correlates quasi-static, tensile mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 23) alloy to the phase constituents, microstructure and fracture surface characteristics that changed with post-heat treatment of stress relief (670 °C for 5h) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP with 100MPa at 920 °C for 2h). Ti-6Al-4V alloy tensile specimens in both the horizontal (i.e., X and Y) and vertical (Z) directions were produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. Mechanical properties were determined using quasi-static, tensile testing for both the as-stress-relieved (ASR) and HIP specimens. For the ASR and HIP samples built in X, Y and …

Enhancement Of Absorptance By Ultrafast Laser Pulse Shaping For Efficient Laser Processing Of Thin Polymers, Arifur Rahaman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Ultrashort-pulsed lasers have been used for high precision processing of a wide range of materials including dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, and polymers/polymer composites, enabling numerous applications ranging from micromachining, photonics to life sciences. However, there are challenges when applying this technology in the industry, which requires scale and throughput different from lab use. The goal of this research is to understand how ultrafast laser pulses interact with thin polymers/polymer composite materials and develop a method that is efficient for ultrafast laser processing of these materials. It is a common practice in industrial applications to run the laser at a high repetition …

Development Of Facile Microfabrication Technologies For The Fabrication And Characterization Of Multimodal Impedimetric, Plasmonic, And Electrophysiological Biosensors, Cacie Hart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The objective of this dissertation was to develop novel methods of patterning inorganic and organic materials, develop biocompatibility evaluations, and subsequently apply these methods toward developing biosensors and lab-on-a-chip devices, such as Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) and Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) on non-traditional (such as nanostructured and plasmonic) polymer substrates or deploy these methods to enhance precision cellular placement on traditional (glass) MEA substrates. It was hypothesized that a combination of such facile microfabrication techniques and patterning technologies on traditional and non-traditional substrates would increase the sensitivity and selectivity of such sensor platforms by several orders of magnitude, and potentially introduce new …

Electrospun Fibers With Smart Delivery Of Therapeutic Agents, Zahra Mahdieh

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Electrospinning is the most widely studied technique of producing fibers. Delivery of nanoparticles and therapeutic agents from electrospun fibers have potential uses in various fields including drug delivery, filtration, and cosmetics. However, controlling the delivery rate remains the main challenge. In the current study, core-shell structure fibers were developed with zinc oxide nanoparticles applied in the shell composition to improve the pore structure (release pathway) and mechanical stability. Fine-tuned delivery rates were achieved via loading different sizes of silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) inside the fiber core. In vitro drug release assays showed fast, slow, and intermediate delivery rates of 20 …

Densification Of Ultra-Refractory Transition Metal Diboride Ceramics, William Fahrenholtz, Greg Hilmas, Ruixing Li

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The densification behavior of transition metal diboride compounds was reviewed with emphasis on ZrB₂ and HfB₂. These compounds are considered ultra-high temperature ceramics because they have melting temperatures above 3000°C. Densification of transition metal diborides is difficult due to their strong covalent bonding, which results in extremely high melting temperatures and low self-diffusion coefficients. In addition, oxide impurities present on the surface of powder particles promotes coarsening, which further inhibits densification. Studies prior to the 1990s predominantly used hot pressing for densification. Those reports revealed densification mechanisms and identified that oxygen impurity contents below about 0.5 wt% …

Development Of An Anatomically And Electrically Conductive Brain Phantom For Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Hamzah A. Magsood

Theses and Dissertations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for diagnostics, prognostic, and treatments of various neurological diseases. However, the lack of anatomically realistic brain phantoms has made the experimental verification of stimulation strength in the form of induced electric fields/voltages in the brain tissues an impediment to developing new TMS coils, stimulators, and treatment protocols. There are significant technological, safety, and ethical limitations to test the potential TMS treatment procedures or develop enhancements and refine them on humans or animals. This work aims to bridge the gap by introducing and developing an innovative manufacturing and fabrications process to produce a …

Redox-Active Porous Organic Materials For Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications, K. Shamara Weeraratne

Theses and Dissertations

As the demand for renewable energy technologies grows, so does the need for cheaper, more efficient rechargeable batteries to store the energy. While lithium-ion battery (LIBs) technology is well established, it suffers from limited lithium supplies. Furthermore, the highly toxic transition metals used in the electrodes places a huge burden on the environment. Therefore, replacing lithium with more economical sodium metal in rechargeable batteries (i.e. sodium-ion batteries, SIBs) has garnered considerable attention. Despite the fact that sodium and lithium share similar electrochemical properties, which may cause the transition from lithium to sodium easier, the larger ionic radius of Na^{+ …}

Modeling Of Scrap Dissolution In Molten Iron For The Case Of Heat Transfer-Controlled Process By Different Approaches And Comparison Of Their Accuracies, Ajay Kumar Shukla, Brahma Deo, D. G.C. Robertson

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Dissolution of steel scrap in molten iron is studied by using analytical as well as numerical approaches for the case of a heat transfer-controlled process. The approaches used are Green's function approach, quasi-static approach, integral profile method (IPM) (with parabolic profile), and finite difference methods (FDM). Application of FDM explicit and FDM implicit with fixed grid and variable grid is described. Accuracy of all the approaches is compared in terms of total dissolution time evaluated from overall heat balance criterion. The selection rule of time step and deciding the suitable approach for achieving minimum error for different operating conditions, represented …

Surface And Structure Engineering For Next Generation Lithium Metal Batteries, Ke Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lithium (Li) metal has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials to replace conventional graphite for Li-ion battery due to its high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g-1) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). However, it still faces some problems such as unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), uncontrolled Li dendrites growth, and infinite volume change during battery charging/discharging. To develop a stable and low-cost Li metal anode for next-generation Li metal battery, in this dissertation, we have made efforts to understand and solve these problems in two aspects, by introducing an artificial SEI and …

Characterization Of Directed Energy Deposition Additively Manufactured Grcop-42 Alloy, Scott Landes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

GRCop is an alloy family constructed of copper, chromium, and niobium and was developed by NASA for high heat flux applications. The first of its kind, GRCop-84, was specifically designed for the environments seen by channel cooled main combustion chamber liners. To further increase thermal conductivity while maintaining material strength characteristics, the percentage of alloying elements were cut in half and GRCop- 42 was developed. In recent years, NASA has successfully additively manufactured GRCop with comparable material characteristics to wrought GRCop using a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process. Benefits of this process include fabrication of intricate cooling channels as …

Characterization, Modeling, And Thermal Management Of High-Performance Lithium Batteries, Minjun Bae

Wayne State University Theses

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, as one of the most advanced commercial rechargeable batteries, play a crucial role in modern society as they are extensively used in portable electronic devices. Nevertheless, the limited electrochemical performance and poor thermal management systems of Li-ion batteries have hindered the expansion of their future applications. In search of alternative electrode materials to develop a battery with higher electrochemical performance, lithium (Li) metal has attracted much attention as an ideal alternative anode material due to its high specific capacity and lowest redox potential. However, needle-like Li dendritic growth causes severe safety concerns and thus prohibits practical applications …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Material Systems For 3d Printed Smart Structures, Hilda Fontes

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The silica hollow spheres have demonstrated excellent results in multiple applications such as light-weight composites, and optical applications as a glass coating. This material also exhibits excellent thermal, shock impact, and hydrophilic properties extremely useful for industrial applications. However, a controllable size of the particle is desired to further increase the number of applications of the silica hollow spheres.

This Thesis aims a method to fabricate silica hollow spheres in a single step with a controlled diameter size. A study was developed to demonstrate the particle size change when adjusting the molecular weight of the medium by using different alcohol …

Enhanced Gas Barrier Properties Of Graphene Oxide/Rubber Composites With Strong Interfaces Constructed By Graphene Oxide And Sulfur, Long Zheng, Stephen Jerrams, Zongchao Xu, Liqun Zhang, Li Liu, Shipeng Wen

Articles

Constructing strong interfacial interactions and complex filler networks is crucial to establishing high gas barrier properties in rubber composites. In this research, sulfur-graphene oxide (S-GO) hybrids were prepared by in situ growth of sulfur on the surfaces of GO sheets. The S-GO hybrids were also introduced into butadiene styrene rubber (SBR) using a green method of latex compounding. Results showed that sulfur could melt and spread on the surface of the GO during the crosslinking process at high temperatures. This process prevented the aggregation of GO and resulted in a fine dispersion of GO and complex filler networks in S-GO/SBR …

Enhanced Covalent Interface, Crosslinked Network And Gas Barrier Property Of Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites Triggered By Thiol-Ene Click Reaction, Long Zheng, Stephen Jerrams, Tian Su, Zongchao Xu, Liqun Zhang, Li Liu, Shipeng Wen

Articles

The high gas barrier property of a rubber composite is of great significance for reducing the exhaust gas emissions due to tire rolling resistance and hence the contribution this factor makes to environmental protection. Enhanced covalent interfaces and crosslinked networks are crucial to the gas barrier property of rubber composites. In this research, γ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPS) modified GO (MGO)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were prepared by a synergetic strategy of latex compounding method and thiol-ene click reaction. It was found that the mercapto groups in MGO reacted with the vinyl groups in SBR molecules through thiol-ene click reaction during the crosslinking process …

Tensile-Strained Self-Assembly: Tunable Nanomaterials For Infrared Optoelectronics And Quantum Optics, Paul Simmonds

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Discovered recently, tensile-strained quantum dots are optically active, defect-free nanostructures. Large tensile strains allow us to tailor band structures for applications from tunable infrared emitters to entangled photon sources. I will discuss the history, current state-of-the-art, and future directions of this rapidly expanding research field.

Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials And Their Composites For Electrochemical Detection Of Toxic Mercury Ions In Water, Md Tawabur Rahman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The presence of trace amounts of mercury ion (Hg²⁺) in drinking water has a detrimental effect on human health. The development of an electrochemical sensor for Hg²⁺ detection is still challenging to obtain ultra-trace sensitivity, excellent selectivity, wide Linear Detection Ranges (LDRs), and ultra-low detection limit. This work presents an electrochemical sensor based on two-dimensional nanomaterials and their composites for the enhanced sensing of Hg²⁺ in water. Graphene oxide (GO)-silver nanowires (AgNWs) composite and metallic 1T phase tungsten disulfide (WS2) microflowers were utilized for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors using drop-casting. Under the optimized experimental conditions, …

Integrating Graphene Into Polymer Derived Ceramics Towards The Development Of New Thermoelectric Materials, Elizabeth Barrios

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) have been an enabling technology for the exploration of deep space since the dawn of the Space Age. Since its first deployment in a meteorological satellite in the late 1960's, RTGs have been used to provide solid-state, maintenance-free power to 27 American spacecraft and scientific instruments. While showing great success in the past, the future usage of thermoelectric devices is limited by the low operating efficiencies and the use of hazardous or expensive materials, limiting the use of thermoelectric technologies to niche applications such as space exploration. Current research efforts that address these disadvantages have focused …

Development Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Based Platform For In Vitro Culture, Kailei Xu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been widely used in biological research since two-dimensional (2D) cultures have many limitations including alteration of cell morphology, metabolic pathways and gene expression. Therefore, the application of 2D cell cultures in pharmaceutical companies for drug screening causes reproducibility issues in animal studies, which strongly influences the efficiency of drug development. The aim of my studies is to develop 3D cell culture models to better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor microenvironment, not only for deeper understanding of interaction between cells and ECM, but also for the application in drug screening. Three different compositions of …

Ultrasonic-Based Condition Assessment Of Wooden Utility Poles, Yishi Lee

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

More than 300 million utility poles shoulder the utility grid in the United States. However, the ineffectiveness of the current inspection process causes roughly a third of utility poles removed from the service deemed suitable for reuse. Due to the utterly essential role of the power infrastructure, budget shrinkage, and the structural degradation of the modern distribution grid, this Ph.D. dissertation addresses the challenges by proposing a physics-based signal analysis method with a jointly developed ultrasonic UB1000 system c to enhance the objectivity in ultrasonic-based nondestructive evaluation (NDE). The proposed methodology has been deployed commercially in the field and featured …

The Effect Of Thermal History On The Atomic Structure Andmechanical Properties Of Amorphous Alloys, Nikolai V. Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The influence of thermal processing on the potential energy, atomic structure, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses is examined using molecular dynamics simulations. We study the three-dimensional binary mixture, which was first relaxed near the glass transition temperature and zero pressure, and then rapidly cooled deep into the glass phase. It was found that glasses annealed at higher temperatures are relocated to higher energy states and their average glass structure remains more disordered, as reflected in the height of the first two peaks in the pair distribution function. The results of mechanical testing demonstrate that both the shear modulus and …

Fabrication, Development, And Characterization Of Hipco Swcnt - Alginate Hydrogel Composites For Cellular Product Applications, Fabian Armando Alvarez-Primo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized ultrahigh purity single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-alginate hydrogel composites. Among the parameters of importance in the formation of an alginate-based hydrogel composite with single-walled carbon nanotubes, are their varying degrees of purity, their particulate agglomeration and their dose-dependent correlation to cell viability, all of which have an impact on the resultant compositeâ??s efficiency and effectiveness towards biomedical applications. To promote their homogenous dispersion by preventing agglomeration of the SWCNT, at first, we used three different surfactants-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-anionic), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB-cationic), and Pluronic F108 (nonionic). After experimentation and corroboration through evidence obtained …

Supercritical Processed Decellularized Extracellualr Matrix As Regeneration Therapeutics Applying 3d Printing, Seungwon Chung

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Extracellular matrix has been broadly applied and show great promise in medical applications and tissue engineering. Product of extracellular matrix (ECM) should be treated with decellularization and purification process. Supercritical carbon dioxide treatment is of particular interest for purifying ECM because of its medically available and rapid speed of process. However, it is not fully researched in treatment of biomaterials for tissue engineering. Therefore, we investigated optimal conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide processing in different extracting parameters from porcine adipose tissue. The 3-day, dual treatment including enzymatic decellularization and supercritical fluid extraction of pork adipose tissue were performed. Two types …

Characterization Of Contact Resistance Properties Of Different Tlm Structure Designs, Nicole A. Karam Pannaci

Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence

No abstract provided.

Understanding Solidification Behavior Of Selected Aluminum And Magnesium Alloys Additively Manufactured By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Holden Hyer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has demonstrated the ability to produce customized, complex engineering components from metallic alloys, not previously possible with traditional techniques such as subtractive machining of cast alloys. However, many desired lightweight metallic alloys such as high strength aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) alloys, cannot be processed dense with AM due to the consequence of solidification cracking. Thus, a large knowledge gap remains in assessing already existing, and genesis of new alloys that can be processed dense by AM, without solidification cracking. The present work investigates the AM processing and solidification behavior of selected …