Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Nonlinear Optical Measurements Of Cdsip2 At Near And Mid-Infrared Wavelengths, Manuel R. Ferdinandus, Jamie J. Gengler, Kent L. Averett, Kevin T. Zawilski, Peter G. Schunemann, Carl M. Liebig

Faculty Publications

We measure the birefringence of the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of cadmium silicon phosphide via the Z-scan technique at near and mid-infrared wavelengths. We discuss the implications of the NLO properties on optical parametric amplifier performance. We find that the nonlinear absorption does reduce the conversion efficiency, while the nonlinear refraction has a negligible effect.

Retention Of Amorphous Silica In Rice Hulls At High Temperatures, Takeshi Okutani

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Rice hulls contain around 20 wt% amorphous silica (rice hull silica). Rice hullsilica containing no potassium impurity crystallized from amorphous silica to cristobaliteat 1300C. When a small amount of MgO or -Fe2O3 or Al2O3 were added to the rice hull silica, the rice hull silica crystallized to cristobalite at 1500C. MgO, -Fe2O3 and Al2O3 diffused to silica as Mg2+, Fe3+ and Al3+ at high temperatures. These ions broke the SiO4 tetrahedron network, so that the amorphous state of rice hull silica was maintained. As sintering occurred at 1500C in rice hull silica mixed with additives such as MgO, the melting …

Solid Particle Erosive Wear Behaviour Of Flame Sprayed Eva Based Polymeric Coatings, Ekrem Altuncu, Barış Önen

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Flame spraying of polymers allows obtaining functional coatings for protecting against wear and corrosion. Among many engineering polymers, the Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymer attracts attention with its superior mechanical and chemical properties. EVA, which has high chemical resistance, high impact resistance and mechanical flexibility, high friction coefficient, is among the candidate coating material that can be used in aerospace, automotive, marine, chemical and manufacturing industries to protect metallic surfaces. The use of polymeric coatings in applications is often restricted when large surfaces need to be coated or if the coating needs to be applied in the openair field. Flame spraying …

A Data-Driven Approach For Predicting Nepheline Crystallization In High-Level Waste Glasses, Irmak Sargin, Charmayne E. Lonergan, John D. Vienna, John S. Mccloy, Scott P. Beckman

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-level waste (HLW) glasses with high alumina content are prone to nepheline crystallization during the slow canister cooling that is experienced during large-scale production. Because of its detrimental effects on glass durability, nepheline (NaAlSiO₄) precipitation must be avoided; however, developing robust, predictive models for nepheline crystallization behavior in compositionally complex HLW glasses is difficult. Using overly conservative constraints to predict nepheline formation can limit the waste loading to lower than the achievable capacity. In this study, a robust data-driven model using five compositional features has been developed to predict nepheline formation. A new descriptor is introduced called the …

Processing And Properties Of Medium-Mn Trip Steel To Obtain A Two-Stage Trip Behavior, D. M. Field, L. G. Garza-Martinez, D. C. Van Aken

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two medium-Mn steels of nominal composition 0.15C-2.0Si-10.5Mn-(0.75, 1.5) Al-0.04Nb-balFe (wt pct) were processed to produce sub-micron grain sizes of 0.65 and 0.80 μm. Mechanical testing was performed in three successive conditions: hot rolled, intercritically annealed, and cold rolled with subsequent intercritical annealing. Intercritical annealing was performed at 923 K for 20 hours. Electron-backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction were utilized to characterize the microstructure, consisting of α-ferrite, α-martensite, ε-martensite, and γ-austenite. Microstructural constituents were tracked during tensile deformation, and it was found that both steels exhibited two-stage TRIP with γ-austenite martensitically transforming first to ε-martensite and as strain increased ε-martensite transformed …

Fatigue Of A Sic/Sic Ceramic Composite With An Ytterbium‐Disilicate Environmental Barrier Coating At Elevated Temperature, Marina B. Ruggles-Wrenn, Thaddeus M. Williams

Faculty Publications

Excerpt: Tension-tension fatigue performance of a SiC/SiC composite with an ytterbium-disilicate environmental barrier coating (EBC) was investigated at 1200°C in air and steam. The composite is reinforced with Hi-Nicalon™ SiC fibers and has a melt-infiltrated matrix processed by chemical vapor infiltration of SiC with subsequent infiltration with SiC particulate slurry and molten silicon. Abtract © American Ceramic Society

Preparation And Characterisation Of Heat Treated Oil Palm-Empty Fruit Bunch/High Density Polyethylene Composites, Nordin Nur Afifah

Student Works (2020-2029)

Natural fibre composites (NFCs) are composite materials, in which the reinforcing fibres are derived from renewable and carbon dioxide neutral resources such as wood or plants. NFC can be made by replacing synthetic fibres with various types of natural fibres. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre and oil palm mesocarp fibre are two important types of fibrous materials left in the palm-oil industry. In this study, EFB will be used as a reinforcement to the high-density polyethylene (HDPE). EFB was heat-treated at 180°C using vacuum oven for one hour, extrusion compounded with HDPE at 10%, 20% and 30% weight …

Schottky And Poole-Frenkel Conduction Mechanisms In Zron/Sic System, Lusus Vanessa

Student Works (2020-2029)

In this work, the conduction mechanisms of Schottky Emission (SE) and Poole–Frenkel (PF) Emission for the ZrON/SiC system with a temperature range between 400 oC to 900 oC were analyzed. Understanding of the conduction charge mechanisms will help to estimate leakage characteristics of the ZrON/SiC system. Based on the J-E plot measured at different temperatures for 15 minutes, the obtained r2 was ranged between 0.90–0.98, which confirmed the data obtained complied with the standard SE model. Furthermore, the data plotted from the Effective Barrier Height Extracted from the SE plot showed the highest values of

Optimized Transconductance Designs To Enhance The Linearity Performance Of Rf Front-End Receiver Circuits In 130 Nm Cmos Technology, Nandini Vitee

Student Works (2020-2029)

Highly linear front-end circuits are greatly desired for wireless receivers to improve the dynamic range. However, intermodulation distortions caused by the non-linear transconductor current limits the linearity of the front-end receiver circuit in CMOS technologies. In addition to the inherent nonlinear effect, the downscaling of CMOS further exacerbates the linearity of the circuit due to lower voltage headroom and high-field mobility. Thus, it is essential to develop effective circuit techniques that can aid linearity enhancement without jeopardizing other preferred performances such as low noise, high conversion gain, and low-power consumption. In this thesis, two different high linear transconductors are presented …

Graphene Based Barrier Membrane For Gas Separation Processes, Cheng Peng

Dissertations

Novel graphene oxide (GO) flake-based composite lamellar membrane structure is being developed as a potential component of a garment for protection against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) represented here by simulants, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (a sarin-simulant) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) (a simulant for sulfur mustard), yet allowing a high moisture transmission rate. GO flakes of dimensions 300-800 nm, 0.7-1.2 nm thickness and dispersed in an aqueous suspension are formed into a membrane by vacuum filtration on a porous polyethersulfone (PES) or poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) support membrane for noncovalent π-π interactions with GO flakes. After physical compression of such a …

Numerical Study Of Paraffin Wax Melting In A Cavity With A Gradient Of Hot Wall Inclination, Agus Dwi Korawan

Makara Journal of Technology

The melting of a phase change material (PCM) in a cavity with a gradient of hot wall inclination was simulated numerically using five models, namely, Model-A, Model-B, Model-C, Model-D, and Model-E with gradients of −2, −4, ∞, 4, and 2, respectively. The PCM was paraffin wax, which was melted using an enthalpy porosity technique with a pressure-based method. Model-A was found to be the best model. For the completion of the melting process, the models were assigned with the liquid fraction of 1. Model-A required the shortest time, followed by Model-B, Model-C, Model-E, and Model-D, respectively. Compared with Model-C, Model-A …

Recent Progress In Bifunctional Catalysts For Zinc-Air Batteries, Neng-Neng Xu, Jin-Li Qiao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zinc-air battery has attracted great attention from researchers due to its high energy density and power density, which is expected to be widely used in energy conversion and storage. Air electrode as the core area of oxygen catalytic reaction is the focus of the entire zinc-air battery research. Recently, many research achievements have been made in non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts/electrodes with high activity, low cost and abundant species. In this review, we mainly focus on the reaction mechanism and the recent progress in non-noble metal oxide catalyst, carbon-based catalyst, and carbon-based transition metal compound composite and self-supporting electrode. In addition, …

Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction In Flow Cells, Jia Fan, Na Han, Yan-Guang Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO₂RR) is an appealing approach to convert atmospheric CO₂ to value-added fuels and industrial chemicals, and may play an important role during the transition to a carbon-neutral economy. In order to make this technology commercially viable, it is essential to pursue CO₂RR in flow reactors instead of conventional H-type reactors, and to combine electrocatalyst development with system engineering. In this review, we overview the cell configurations and performance advantages of the two types of flow reactors, analyze their shortcomings, and discuss the effects of their different components including gas diffusion electrode …

Electrochemical Energy Storage And Conversion Based On Organic Electrodes, Jian-Hang Huang, Xiao-Li Dong, Zhao-Wei Guo, Yuan-Yuan Ma, Yan-Rong Wang, Yong-Gang Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Aqueous batteries have been considered to be a competitive candidate for large-scale energy storage. However, most of aqueous batteries adopt inorganic electrode materials with metallic elements, which are based on the reversible insertion of metal ions, making their application being highly hindered by limited cycle life, environmental issue, high cost and low reserves. On the other hand, organic electrode materials offer the advantages of abundant reserves, tunable structures, renewability and environmental benignity. Furthermore, the wide internal space enables these organics to flexibly store various charge carriers. Organics have been investigated as the alternative to inorganic electrode materials. Herein, we review …

Recent Progress On Enhancing Effect Of Nanosized Metals For Electrochemical Co2 Reduction, Yu-Ning Zhang, Dong-Fang Niu, Shuo-Zhen Hu, Xin-Sheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to chemical raw material for further utilization shows promising future to alleviate global warming and realize carbon cycle in nature, which is of great significance to the green chemistry and sustainable development. This review briefly introduces the advantages of CO₂ electrochemical reduction (CO₂ER) and its basic reaction principles, and summarizes the recent progress in a series of activity enhancement strategies based on nanosized metal catalysts. The influences of alloy effect, interface engineering, synergistic effect, surface defect engineering and support effect on the catalytic performance of nanosized metals for CO₂ER …

Electrolyte Tailoring For Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Stable Molecules, Jin-Han Li, Fang-Yi Cheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Reduction of stable molecules such as CO₂ and N₂ is important process in electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies for electrofuels production. However, for the inert nature of CO₂/N₂ molecule and competitive proton reduction in conventional aqueous electrolytes, selective electrochemical carbon/nitrogen fixation suffers from high overpotential, low reaction rate and low selectivity. While addressing these issues has witnessed substantial advances in electrocatalysts, much less attention has been placed on the electrolytes, which play an important role in regulating the local environment and thus the performance of catalysts under operating conditions. Rational design of electrolytes has …

Research Progress Of Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts Toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction Inm Changchun Institute Of Applied Chemistry, Ming-Jun Xu, Jie Liu, Jun-Jie Ge, Chang-Peng Liu, Wei Xing

Journal of Electrochemistry

The development of highly active and stable catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been facing severe challenges. In recent years, pyrolytic M-N-C catalysts and metal-organic framework derived materials made the performance of non-noble metal catalysts greatly improved, however, the molecular and atomic level understanding in the reaction active sites and the mechanism are still lacking. Here, we summarize the recent research progress made in the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry. We present a microporous metal-organic-framework confined strategy toward the preferable formation of ORR catalysts. Firstly, we studied the active site and proposed a new active site structure for the …

Fuel Cell Performance Of Non-Precious Metal Based Electrocatalysts, Yan-Feng Zhang, Fei Xiao, Guang-Yu Chen, Min-Hua Shao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is hindered by high cost and low durability of Pt based electrocatalysts. Developing efficient and durable non-precious metal catalysts is a promising approach to addressing these conundrums. Among them, transition metals dispersed in a nitrogen (N)-doped carbon support (M-N-C) show good oxygen reduction reaction activity. This article reviews recent progress in M-N-C catalysts development, focusing on the catalysts design, membrane electrode assembly fabrication, fuel cell performance, and durability testing. Template-assisted approach is an efficient way to synthesize M-N-C materials with homogeneously dispersed single atom active site and reduced metal particles, carbides …

Research Progresses Of Copper Interconnection In Chips, Lei Jin, Jia-Qiang Yang, Fang-Zu Yang, Dong-Ping Zhan, Zhong-Qun Tian, Shao-Min Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the copper interconnection technology in chip manufacturing is introduced in detail, and the essentials of acidic copper sulfate electroplating process and the mechanisms of common-used additives are reviewed. The progresses of novel additives at home and abroad are also summarized. Based on the studied achievement, the possibility of the novel copper interconnect process replacing the acidic copper electroplating is prospected.

Divergence Of The Dielectric Constant In Ultrathin Granular Metal Films Near The Percolation Threshold, H. Bakkali, E. Blanco, Samuel Lofland, M. Dominguez

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

We report on the electronic and optical properties of ultrathin granular films. We demonstrate that the static dielectric constant increases with thickness in the dielectric regime and diverges at the critical thickness, as predicted by classical percolation theory. However, for thicker samples, the dc conductivity does not obey scaling laws due to the presence of tunneling conduction. In this region the dielectric constant is positive, and the electronic transport is not metallic but can be described by Jonscher's universal power law, even though there is a Drude-like response indicating the presence of free charge carriers. Only for thicker films when …

In Situ Electric-Field Study Of Surface Effects In Domain Engineered Pb(In1/2nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3nb2/3)O3-Pbtio3 Relaxor Crystals By Grazing Incidence Diffraction, Markys G. Cain, Margo Staruch, Paul Thompson, Christopher Lucas, Didier Wermeille, Yves Kayser, Burkhard Beckhoff, Samuel Lofland, Peter Finkel

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

In this work, we present a grazing incidence X-ray diffraction study of the surface of a 0.24Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) [011] poled rhombohedral single crystal. The near surface microstructure (the top several tens to hundreds of unit cells) was measured in situ under an applied electric field. The strains calculated from the change in lattice parameters have been compared to the macroscopic strain measured with a strain gauge affixed to the sample surface. The depth dependence of the electrostrain at the crystal surface was investigated as a function of temperature. The analysis revealed hidden sweet spots featuring unusually high strains that were …

Effect Of Nanofiller Coating And Loading On Facial Elastomer Physical Properties, Rahmi K. Aulia

Theses & Dissertations

Current materials used for facial prostheses are far from being desirable, and improved properties with “skin-like” feel are needed. This study evaluates property changes induced by sequential additions of uncoated and hydrophobic-coated nano-SiO₂ to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and compares them with those measured for conventional submicron SiO₂-filled materials. Each filler type was sequentially added to vinyl-terminated PDMS at 0%, 0.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. Tensile, tear, Durometer hardness, translucency and viscoelastic properties were evaluated, with hardness and translucency also evaluated following 3000 hours of outdoor weathering. Results demonstrated that 15% coated nano-SiO₂-filled PDMS materials …

A Brief Bibliometric Survey On Circularly Polarized Antennas For Mobile Communication, Aniket Gunjal, Abhaya Pal Singh

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents a database review on “Circularly Polarized Antennas for Mobile Communication” as it is the emerging technique used by mobile service provider because of having benefits over other types of antennas available.The polarization purity is now the major issue. In some cases due to cross polarization issue the antenna signal is cancelled at receiver side.So, it is necessary to have circularly polarized antenna to avoid this polarization issue because of change in phase of signal. The change in phase of signal is due to striking of wave on the obstacles and it slightly tilted from its direction causes …

Plastic Recycling In Additive Manufacturing: A Systematic Literature Review And Opportunities For The Circular Economy, Fabio A. Cruz Sanchez, Hakim Boudaoud, Mauricio Camargo, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The rapid technical evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) enables a new path to a circular economy using distributed recycling and production. This concept of Distributed Recycling via Additive Manufacturing (DRAM) is related to the use of recycled materials by means of mechanical recycling process in the 3D printing process chain. This paper aims to examine the current advances on thermoplastic recycling processes via additive manufacturing technologies. After proposing a closed recycling global chain for DRAM, a systematic literature review including 92 papers from 2009 to 2019 was performed using the scopus, web of science and springer databases. This work examines …

The Influence Of Surface Types Towards Run-Off Water In Urban Park, Febby Andini

International Programs

Pavements in Alun Kapuas Park constribute 63 of run off water over the capacity of the soil to infiltrate. This water will potentially causes the flooding and puddling issues.

The Applications Of Auxetic Material, Faizal Arifurrahman

International Programs

To date, increasing structural efficiency has become a main objective in material science and engineering. One focus is an auxetic material with a unique characteristic obtained by fabricating cellular forms. With its higher strength-to-weight ratio, auxetic is becoming popular in the real-world to produce products that are light but more durable. This study examines potential application of auxetic compared to that of conventional material.

Artificial Neural Network Discovery Of A Switchable Metasurface Reflector, J. R. Thompson, J. A. Burrow, P. J. Shah, Jonathan E. Slagle, E. S. Harper, A. Van Rynbach, I. Agha, M. S. Mills

Student Publications

Optical materials engineered to dynamically and selectively manipulate electromagnetic waves are essential to the future of modern optical systems. In this paper, we simulate various metasurface configurations consisting of periodic 1D bars or 2D pillars made of the ternary phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). Dynamic switching behavior in reflectance is exploited due to a drastic refractive index change between the crystalline and amorphous states of GST. Selectivity in the reflection and transmission spectra is manipulated by tailoring the geometrical parameters of the metasurface. Due to the immense number of possible metasurface configurations, we train deep neural networks capable of exploring …

Homogenization Of Composite And Cellular Materials Incorporating Microstructure And Surface Energy Effects, Ahmad Gad

Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations

In the last few decades, the popularity of composite and cellular materials has rapidly increased through their widespread applications in multiple engineering fields including aerospace, automotive, civil and biomedical. However, to a large extent, the success of their practical applications depends on our ability to predict their mechanical behavior by using high-fidelity mechanics models.

Micromechanical modeling of composite and cellular materials is a challenging task due to the heterogeneous nature of such materials and the interactions among various constituent phases at the microscopic level, which result in non-homogeneous deformation, strain and stress fields. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple …

Maleic Anhydride Compatibilized Peach Waste As Filler In Polypropylene And High Density Polyethylene Biocomposites, Caralyn Wong, Stephanie Jung, Joongmin Shin, Ajay Kathuria

Master's Theses

It is estimated that roughly 103, 515 tons of peach waste is produced annually in the US. The majority of the waste is disposed of in landfills, which contributes to climate change as they release 93 million metric tons of CO₂ equivalent. Peach waste principally consists of remaining stone and seed after flesh removal. The agro-waste includes both cellulose and lignin, which can be utilized as a filler in plastic packaging to reduce carbon footprints and material cost. The objectives of this research are (1) to develop peach flour (PF)-filled biocomposites with a polyolefin matrix using maleic anhydride-g-high density …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt-Based Magnetic Nanostructures, Jacob Elkins

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Co is an attractive element in the development of nanostructured magnetic materials due to its relatively high moment (1.72-1.75 µB) and strong exchange and spin-orbit interactions, and many of these materials have potential in applications such as data recording media, hyperthermia treatments, and nanostructured permanent magnets. In this thesis, magnetic nanostructures of CoFe2O4, Co, and CoNi with controlled size, shape, composition, and crystal structure are synthesized via bottom-up wet chemical methods and their magnetic properties are systematically characterized. Additionally, nanocomposites of exchange-coupled FeCo/CoFe2O4 and Co/FeCo core-shell nanostructures with enhanced magnetizations are prepared and investigated. In order to understand the prominent …