Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Surface Acoustic Wave Spectroscopy Versus Nanoindentation: Potentials And Limits For Coating Characterization, Martin Zawischa, Dieter Schneider, Stefan, Makowski, Lars Lorenz

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development VII

Measuring mechanical film properties is essential for understanding and designing coating systems as well for controlling quality in coating manufacturing. Since more than two decades, two methods for determining Young’s modulus and other mechanical properties of thin films are widely used: The instrumented indentation technique (nanoindentation) and the laser-induced surface acoustic wave spectroscopy (LiSAWS). Due to their different physical principles, both methods address different fields of application but also complement each other. This presentation gives an overview for typical applications, strengths and limits for both methods from practical points of view like precision, requirements for sample material, preparation and test …

Effect Of Anisotropic Elasticity On Dislocation Pile-Ups At Grain Boundaries, Xiaolei Chen, Stéphane Berbenni, Christian Motz, Thiebaud Richeton

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development VII

This study deals with in-situ micromechanical tests of micron-sized bi-crystals and observations coupling SEM, AFM and EBSD. Different FCC bi-crystals are obtained from FIB machining. A SEM in-situ compression test with a low strain is performed on a micron-sized bi-crystal in order to induce single slip deformation. Spatial variations in the surface step height due to dislocation activity in localized slip bands terminating at the grain boundary (GB) are measured by AFM. This allows the determination of the Burgers vector distribution and hence the dislocation positions in the pile-up as shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, local misorientation along slip bands …

Conference Program, Jon Molina-Aldareguia

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development VII

No abstract provided.

Performance Enhancement Of Ssi-Leds And Geometrically Confinement Of Lighting Dots By Using Patterned Wafer Approaches, Shengli Wu, Yiwei Liu, Xiaoning Zhang, Can Yang, Lingguang Liu, Yaogong Wang, Gang Niu

Semiconductor Technology for Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits and Thin Film Transistors VII (ULSIC VS TFT 7)

Solid state incandescent light emitting devices (SSI-LEDs) were first demonstrated in 2013 by Kuo’s group, which have the metal-oxide-semiconductor structure and emit white light directly¹. The conductive filaments (CFs) through CAFM figures out that Si wafer has a significant impact on the device performance^{2, 3}, multiplayer dielectric layers structure have also been study to enhance the light emission⁴. We demonstrate two approaches to improve the performance of SSI-LEDs by using patterned wafer in this work.

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Ulsi And Tft Technologies In Industry, Research And Higher Education In France: An Evolution Towards Innovation Resulting From Close And Sustainable Interaction, Olivier Bonnaud

Semiconductor Technology for Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits and Thin Film Transistors VII (ULSIC VS TFT 7)

The semiconductor industry and associated microelectronic production began in France in the early 1980s as part of the national microelectronics plan launched by the French government to meet the needs of new economic sectors that are heavy users of microelectronic products. Indeed, microelectronic circuits, devices and systems are the key elements of the information technology field, which includes computer and communications capabilities, and application fields such as aerospace, transport, and energy, mainly. Several new technologies had to be developed, corresponding to the first advent of communication tools such as Minitel (ancestor of the web) or credit cards, which then underwent …

Conference Program, Yue Kuo, Junichi Murota, Yasuhiro Fukunaka, Yukiharu Uraoka

Semiconductor Technology for Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits and Thin Film Transistors VII (ULSIC VS TFT 7)

No abstract provided.

Ultra-Rapid Microwave Sintering Of Ceramics And Powder Metals, Kirill I. Rybakov, Yury Bykov, Anatoly Eremeev, Sergei Egorov, Vladislav Kholoptsev, Ivan Plotnikov, Andrei Sorokin

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

Over the recent years, we have demonstrated ultra-rapid microwave sintering of different ceramic materials, including Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, Y₂O₃, MgAl₂O₄, and Yb:(LaO)₂O₃, using a gyrotron system operating at a frequency of 24 GHz with an output microwave power of up to 6 kW [1-3]. The ceramic pellets were sintered to 98-99.5 % of the theoretical density with the duration of the high-temperature sintering stage not exceeding several minutes. We have shown that the absorbed microwave power required for the ultra-rapid sintering regimes is …

Effect Of The Addition Of Doped-Cobalt On The Properties Of Recycled Tungsten Carbide Powder Sintered By Sps, Alexandre Mégret, Véronique Vitry, Fabienne Delaunois

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

A key issue that has appeared in the last twenty years is the availability of certain materials. Cobalt is considered as a critical raw material since it is massively used in batteries for electrical cars [1]. Cobalt is also the usual binder in cemented carbides because it gives excellent hardness to toughness ratio at the tungsten carbide parts. There is a tendency to replace cobalt by other binders such nickel or iron [2] but cobalt remains the best one. Recycling old WC parts is a solution to limit the use of raw cobalt powder and to keep the benefits of …

Kinetics Of Liquid-Assisted Densification During Flash Sintering Of Ceramic Nanoparticles, Rachman Chaim

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

The recent liquid film capillary mechanism [1, 2] proposed for the rapid densification during the flash sintering was consistent energetically with the dissipated power during the process. Following this mechanism, melting of contacts with high electric resistance will induce high attractive capillary forces. Wetting of a solid substrate by its own melt is termed homologous wetting with zero wetting (dihedral) angle. Therefore, wetting and spreading of the melt on its own substrate is extremely fast. Here we will show that particle surface softening / melting and the following transient processes associated with it namely local melt wetting and spreading, particle …

Flash Sintering Of Beta-Alumina Solid Electrolytes For Sodium Battery Applications, Gareth Jones, Y. Hu, S. Ghanizadeh, D. Pearmain, S.N. Heavens, J.S. Blackburn, S. Maclachlan

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

The rechargeable sodium batteries, sodium sulphur (NaS) batteries and molten-salt sodium nickel chloride (Na-NiCl₂) are proven commercially available systems, particularly for large-scale energy storage applications and electric vehicle applications respectively. They have attractive properties such as the use of abundant low-cost raw materials, high energy and power density, high faradaic efficiency of charge/discharge, zero self-discharge rate and proven long-term durability. Conventional manufacturing of the core component, the sodium beta”-alumina solid electrolyte, requires a high sintering temperatures, ~ 1600 °C to achieve high density and good ceramic quality, which contributes significantly to battery cost, energy and time consumption in …

Advantages Of The Method Of High-Voltage Consolidation Of Powder Materials, Evgeny Grigoryev, Vladimir Goltsev, Natalya Ermakova, Andrey Osintsev, Aleksandr Plotnikov

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

The main features of high-voltage electropulse consolidation (H-VEC) of powder materials and the unique possibilities of the method caused by them are considered. The electro-thermal processes in the H-VEC at the contacts between the powder particles and in the macroscale of the whole consolidated sample are analyzed. The results of calculations of the dynamics of closure (collapse) of interparticle pores in the consolidated material are presented. The experimental results of high voltage consolidation W-based heavy alloys are discussed and a theoretical analysis of the kinetics of compaction of powder materials is made. The results of investigation of the macro- and …

Field Assisted Sintering Of Larger Scaled Ceramic Parts Using Adapted Tool Design And Hybrid Heating, Martin Bram, Moritz Kindelmann, Alexander M. Laptev, Olivier Guillon

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

Field Assisted Sintering/Spark Plasma Sintering (FAST/SPS) is a promising technology for the energy efficient sintering of ceramic, composite and metal powders. The combination of direct current heating and applied pressure enables high heating rates, rapid densification and offers the potential to decrease the sintering temperature significantly. FAST/SPS is of special interest for materials, which are difficult to densify by conventional methods like pressure less sintering. To establish this processing technology on industrial scale, fundamental studies are required to better understand the relationship between processing parameters, specific FAST/SPS boundary conditions and resulting material properties. A challenging task – especially for non-conductive …

Hybrid Sintering – The Beneficial Combination Of Sintering Principles, Juergen Hennicke, Tobias Kessel, Sergio Rivera Monte

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

„Hybrid Sintering“ can be defined as a beneficial combination of different sintering principles, e.g. direct and indirect heating, uniaxial and gas pressure, high and low electrical fields (Figure 1). In the technological context this can be completed by debindering, decoupled pre-heating and cooling as well as rate controlled sintering optionally. Hybrid sintering systems enable the development and production of all new material solutions.

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Photoluminescence In Sps-Processed Transparent Ce:Yag Ceramics, Avital Wagner, Nachum Frage, Sergey Kalabukhov, Barak Ratzker

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

Ceramic phosphors display great promise for the realization of high-power lighting devices. Cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) is commonly used as a phosphor in white light emitting diodes. Therefore, it was chosen as a case study to investigate photoluminescence of transparent ceramic phosphors fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). In the present work, 0.5 at.% Ce:YAG nano-powder was synthesized by a co-precipitation method and subsequently consolidated by SPS into highly transparent ceramic samples. The effect of varying sintering parameters (temperature and pressure) and post-sintering treatments (hot isostatic pressing and air atmosphere thermal treatment) on optical properties was investigated. Correlations between …

Β-Sialon-Based Ceramic Composites By Combustion Synthesis And Spark Plasma Sintering, Evgeny Grigoryev, Vladimir Goltsev, Konstantin Smirnov, Dmitriy Moskovskikh, Aleksey Sedegov

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

Spark-plasma sintering (SPS) of composite ceramics in the β-Si₅AlON₇– system (SiC, TiN, BN) was studied. An effective mechanism of intensification of sintering processes was revealed due to the introduction of h-BN, having a scaly structure and playing the role of a solid lubricant, which improves the compressibility of the sintered powder mixtures under load. For composites containing 0–30 wt. % h-BN, 0–40 wt.% β-SiC, and 0–40 wt. % TiN, with different character distribution of components by volume (homogeneous, layered and gradient), the optimal parameters of the PCA were established, ensuring the achievement of a high level …

Tensile Strength Of Materials Obtained By Electric Pulse Consolidation Of Powders, Evgeny Grigoryev, Vladimir Goltsev, Andrey Osintsev, Aleksandr Plotnikov

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

A wide range of products of modern technology, obtained by electropulse consolidation of powders, has dimensions that do not exceed 10-15 mm in diameter, and their thickness varies from 1 to 10 mm. Standard mechanical testing methods for such sample sizes are often not applicable.

The article investigates the possibility of determining the resistance to fracture of materials obtained from powders by electric pulse consolidation method using the test method for bending thin disks on an annular support and testing short cylinders according to the "Brazilian test". A numerical simulation of the process of bending a thin disk on an …

Microstructure Evolution During High-Pressure Spark Plasma Sintering (Hpsps) Of Transparent Alumina, Barak Ratzker, Sergey Kalabukhov, Nachum Frage, Avital Wagner

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

Applying high-pressure during spark plasma sintering (so-called HPSPS) enables rapid densification of a ceramic powder at relatively lower temperatures, limiting grain growth and allowing fabrication of fine-grained highly transparent ceramics. The present work focuses on the fabrication of fine submicron transparent alumina from untreated commercial powder by HPSPS and the microstructure evolution during consolidation under high applied pressure. The sintering was conducted at relatively low temperatures (1000-1100°C) under high pressure varied from 250 to 800 MPa. We review unique sintering phenomena such as stress-enhanced grain growth and de-sintering, which are related to creep taking place during the final stage of …

Conference Program, Rishi Raj, Olivier Guillon, Hidehiro Yoshida

Electric Field Enhanced Processing of Advanced Materials II: Complexities and Opportunities

No abstract provided.

Single Use Droplet Based Microfluidics – Screening Tools For Biotechnology And Life-Sciences, Alexander Groß, Jialan Cao, Stefen Schneider, J.M. Köhler, Thomas Henkel, Martin Roth, Mark Kielpinsky, Alexander Mendel

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

In the recent years droplet-based microfluidic techniques were developed and used for various screening purposes mainly in the field of life-sciences and biotechnology. Therefore, droplet volumes in a range from pL to μL were used and different technology platforms were necessary to produce the required fluidic devices which made of various materials. Traditionally, lithography combined with etching processes were used to produce precise glass or silicon devices. But, hot embossing and injection molding techniques are better suited for the production of single use devices. Recently, 3D-printing technologies are under development for the generation of individual costumes made microfluidic devices in …

Of Sut And Stainless, Manuel Carrondo

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

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Roll-To-Roll Pilot Line For Large-Scale Manufacturing Of Microfluidic Devices, Martin Smolka, Anja Haase, Ursula Palfinger, Dieter Nees, Ladislav Kuna, Jan Hesse, Barbara Stadlober, Sascha. Geidel, Jörg Nestler, Nikolaus Ladenhauf, Andoni Rodriguez, Florian Hasenöhrl, Martin Eibelhuber, Max Sonnleitner, Guggi Kofod, Dan Kofoed, Jan Kafka, Isbaal Ramos, Manuel W. Thesen, Mirko Lohse, Ana Ayerdi, Nerea Briz

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Roll-to-roll (R2R) technologies with roller-based nanoimprinting methods enable manufacturing of highly cost-effective and large-scale sheets of flexible polymer film with precise structures on a micro- and nanoscale 1. Areas that can benefit strongly from such large scale technologies are microfluidics, biosensors, and lab-on-chip products for point of care diagnostics, drug discovery and food control. Here, R2R fabrication could greatly reduce production costs and increase manufacturing capacity with respect to currently used products. A pilot line with this technology is investigated in the European Horizon 2020 project R2R Biofluidics and its capabilities are tested on two Demonstrators: - Demonstrator 1: In-vitro …

Protein-Specific Empirical Model Of Protein Adsorption On Surfaces, Dan Nicolau

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Predicting protein adsorption from solution to a surface is an important problem in biomedicine and related fields. Despite constant attention in the literature, it is not currently possible to predict quantitatively the amount of adsorbed protein given environment, protein and surface parameters. We present a purely empirical approach to predict protein adsorption using a linearly piecewise model with breakpoint, based on progress in the understanding and quantification of physico-chemical properties on protein molecular surfaces. This model is capable of accounting for over 90% of the variance in the data, despite the fact that the adsorption data spans over three orders …

On The “Fate Of Leachables” In Biopharmaceutical Up-Stream And Down- Stream Processes, Armin Hauk, Ina Pahl, Roberto Menzel, Samuel Dorey, Isabelle Uettwiller

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Single use systems (SUS), based on polymeric materials, are widely used in the biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Compounds potentially migrating from the polymeric materials into the production process at various stages as leachables can either negatively influence the production process performance (e.g. inhibit cell growth) or can contribute to process related drug impurities, which may potentially have an effect on product quality and/or patient safety. Today, the concept of investigating leachables is mainly focused on the measurement of extractables under worst case- or simulation-conditions plus their assessment including an interpolation towards potential leachables. In particular, in the frame of this assessment of …

Tie Layer Technology For Multilayer Coextrusion Of Single-Use Biopharma Bags, Barry A. Morris

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The needs of the demanding biopharma processing bag, such as barrier, toughness and heat sealability, cannot be met by any one polymer. As a result, multiple layers of different polymers, each playing its role in meeting the design requirements, are combined in coextrusion or lamination. Most of the polymers used in these layers do not naturally adhere to each other in the film making or lamination process without tie layers. Tie layers are polymer resins designed to provide adhesion between specific polymers in a given film manufacturing process. In coextrusion, the polymer layers are brought together in the melt state. …

Influence Of Γ-Irradiated Biopharmaceutical Films, Samuel Dorey, Fanny Gaston, Magali Barbaroux,, Nathalie Dupuy, Sylvain R.A. Marque

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Preventing cross-contamination, saving costs and increasing configuration flexibility make the adoption of single-use technologies very attractive for the biopharmaceutical industry. The integrity and the security of bags are due to appropriate flexible and barrier polymeric materials, such as polyethylene (PE) or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol (EVOH), which are barrier to water vapor and oxygen, respectively. Conventional stainless steel tanks are sterilized by steam sterilization by the end-users, whereas plastic containers are sterilized by gamma-irradiation before delivery. The major advantage of radio-sterilization is the penetration power of the γ-radiation. It is known that γ -sterilization of polyolefin based …

The Journey Of A Polymer Producer To Support Customers E&L Needs, Jerome Vachon

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

In the view of SABIC’s ambitions to grow in the Healthcare applications market, a clear understanding of customers’ challenges and problems with respect to Extractables and Leachables is crucial. In addition to ensuring high quality products and compliance with standard regulations, material suppliers must also have a deep knowledge of their product chemistries for specific healthcare applications. Responding to our customers’ needs when performing their own material toxicological assessment, SABIC has continued to develop and share deeper insights into E&L. A growing involvement of SABIC to develop a true E&L knowledge base, from Research to Marketing, has thus been taking …

Xdr-500 Mo—Single-Use Fermentor For Microbial Processes, Jozsef Vasi, Andreas Castan, Sandeep Kristiansson

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Single-use bioreactors are well-established in production of biopharmaceuticals in mammalian expression systems. However, a similar technology breakthrough for microbial/yeast-based productions is still awaiting due to the unique requirements associated with such high-cell density cultivations, including high oxygen transfer capacity and efficient heat removal. Here, we present the single-use Xcellerex™ XDR-500 MO stirred-tank fermentor system specifically designed for microbial/yeast applications. The performance of the fermentor was evaluated using an E. coli fed-batch process producing a domain antibody (dAb) as a model system. The process was originally developed for a lab-scale conventional stainless steel system. This work describes the transposition and scale-up …

Effect Of Agitation On Protein Aggregation In Vials Made From Glass Or Plastics, Birgit Mueller-Chorus, Erica Tullo, Vinod Vilivalam, Lloyd Waxman

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The increasing use of proteins as therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies has focused attention on the need to maintain the stability of these labile molecules during both storage and shipment. The degradation of therapeutic proteins can arise from aggregation and adsorption in primary containers, as well as from exposure to leachables, and chemical damage due to exposure to oxygen or light. Since vials continue to be used as primary containers for multiple-use applications, including vaccines and lyophilized drug products, we have compared the effect of mechanical stress on protein aggregation in vials made of glass versus vials made of the plastic …

Particulate Contamination In Single Use Systems: Measurement Challenges, Klaus Wormuth, Fanny Gaston, Mathieu Labedan

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

In conventional biopharmaceutical processes using stainless steel components, the pharmaceutical manufacturer is responsible for process cleanliness. However for single use systems, the pharmaceutical manufacturer “outsources” process cleanliness to the manufacturer of the single use systems, since no rinsing or cleaning occurs prior to implementation. Especially critical applications such as final fill and finish or aseptic processes demand a high degree of cleanliness with respect to particulate contamination. Although single use component assembly occurs in carefully controlled cleanroom environments, risks arise for particulate contamination from incoming components, cutting and welding operations, and human activity during manually intensive assembly processes. While visual …

Conference Program, Ekta Mahajan, Gary Lye, Regine Eibl-Schindler

Single-use Technologies II: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

No abstract provided.