Structural Engineering Commons^™

Assessment Of 1991 Nehrp Provisions For Nonstructural Components And Recommended Revisions, Tsuteh Soong, Genda Chen, Z. Wu, R. H. Zhang, M. Grigoriu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As one part of the 1994 update effort of the 1991 NEHRP provisions, the seismic design force formulas for nonstructural components as they exist in the 1991 provisions are critically assessed and some of their shortcomings are identified. Various levels of improvements to these formulas are then presented which, on the one hand, preserve the equivalent lateral force format for design applicability and, on the other, correct some of the deficiencies on the basis of analyses, experimental results and observation data from past earthquakes.

Based on different interpretations of the component seismic coefficients as well as different degrees of simplicity …

Ccfss Special Edition Technical Bulletin February 1993, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News February 1993, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Lrfd For Engineered Wood Structures - Connection Behavioral Equations, Thomas E. Mclain, Lawrence A. Soltis, David Pollock, Thomas L. Wilkinson

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

A new design specification for engineered wood structures has been proposed in load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format. This paper provides an overview of the proposed LRFD connections design criteria. The connections design provisions are, in part, calibrated from allowable stress design provisions. Major changes from historic practice, however, result from a change in behavioral equations to a theoretical base for predicting the lateral strength of connections using bolts, screws, and nails. New provisions for axial withdrawal of driven and turned fasteners, as well as combined axial and lateral loading criteria are also proposed. Safety levels were calibrated to …

Flexural Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu, Ming-Yang Shan

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Simulation De L'Interaction Entre Le Voilement Local Et Les Modes Globaux D'Instabilite Des Profils A Froid Par Une Combinaison De La Methode Des Largeurs Effectives Et De L'Element Fini Non-Lineaire De Poutre Spatiale, Luiz Felippe Estrella Jr.

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

The objective of this thesis is the study of the stability of cold-formed thin-walled steel members. The interaction between global instability and local buckling of the profile walls has a reducing effect on the collapse load. The aim is to develop a numerical tool able to predict not only the collapse load, but also the equilibrium path. With this aim in view, the non-linear spatial beam tinite element recently developed by Vincent de Ville in Liege University was chosen for this purpose. The steel member is considered as an association of flat plates and corners. Local buckling is modeled by …

Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Influence Of Strain Rate On The Mechanical Properties Of Sheet Steels And Structural Performance Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

The current design criteria for effective design width being used in the AISI Automotive Steel Design Manual 1 for the design of cold-formed steel members are based on tests under static loading condition. The primary objective of this investigation was to study the validity of these effective design width formulas for members subjected to dynamic loads. This report presents a detailed description of an experimental study. Selected steels with nominal yield strengths ranging from 25 ksi to 100 ksi were uniaxially tested under different strain rates. In order to study the structural behavior and strength of cold-formed steel members having …

Tests Of Profiled Steel Decks With V-Stiffeners, E. S. Bernard, Russell Q. Bridge, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The size and position of intermediate stiffeners in the compression flanges of thin-walled profiled steel decks exerts a strong influence on the dominant buckling mode of the flange. The ability of the deck to provide both high load carrying capacity before the onset of elastic buckling and a high ultimate load capacity may therefore be affected. A programme of tests to determine the effectiveness of intermediate stiffeners in controlling buckling modes has been undertaken. A series of specimens were loaded in pure bending resulting in various buckling waveforms prior to ultimate failure through a plastic collapse mechanism. All specimens were …

Flexural Capacity Of Discretely Braced C'S And Z'S, Thomas Sputo, Jack Haynes, Duane S. Ellifritt

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The American Iron and Steel Institute's Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (1) presently requires that channel and zee flexural members, when not attached to sheathing, be braced against twist and lateral translation at the quarter-points of the span (Section D3.2.2). This provision first appeared in the Second Edition of the Specification in 1956, and has been there through all succeeding editions up through the 1989 Addendum. The newest formula for lateral buckling (part (a) of C3.1.2) is a more exact procedure for calculating lateral torsional buckling of a doubly, singly, or point symmetrical section than was …

Tests Of Continuous Purlins Under Downwards Loading, Michael Celeban, Chris Healy, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper describes a test program on purlin-sheeting systems for which the sheeting was screw fastened to the purlins. The test program simulates downwards loading. Z-section purlins were tested in three span continuous lapped configurations. The test purlins were supported by a range of bridging (bracing) members ranging from no bracing to one brace per span. The test results are compared with the design values computed using the Australian Cold-Formed Steel Structures Standard (AS1538-1988). The Australian Standard design is based on a flexural-torsional buckling analysis which may include the restraint from attached sheeting.

The Buckling Behaviour Of Hollow Flange Beams, Mahen Mahendran, T. J. Heidt

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A new cold formed structural section known as the hollow flange beam is currently under development in Australia. This section will have many applications, particularly in portal frame buildings. This paper discusses the lateral distortional buckling behaviour of the hollow flange beam.

Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Design And Construction, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Unstiffened Elements - Some Interesting Features - Tests of Profiled Steel Decks with V-Stiffeners - Bending Strength of Beams with Non-Linear Analysis - Local and Distortional Buckling of Thin-Walled Beams - Design of C-Sections Against Deformational Lip Buckling - Lateral Buckling of Singly Symmetric Beams - Flexural Capacity of Discretely Braced C's and Z's - The Buckling Behaviour of Hollow Flange Beams - Experimental Investigations of I-Beams - Tests of Continuous Purlins Under Downwards Loading - Tests of Full-Scale Roofing Systems - Profiled Sheet Behaviour Under Concentrated Load - On Design of Profiled Sheets with Varying Cross Sections - Properties …

Stainless Steel Tubular Beams - Tests And Design, Gregory J. Hancock, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper presents tests on square and circular stainless steel tubular beams. An important part of the test programme was to quantify the increase in bending strength resulting from cold-work during the fabrication process. Tension and compression tests on coupons cut from finished tubes were also included in the test programme. Stress-strain curves for shear were obtained using the coupon test results and the concept of affinity factors. A design method is proposed for stainless steel tubular beams. The method incorporates the increase in strength produced by the cold-rolling process and is validated by comparing it to the test strengths. …

Bending Strength Of Beams With Non-Linear Analysis, Pekka Salmi, Asko Talja

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Bending strengths of open cross-section beams cold-formed from high-strength steel (HSS) are determined with non-linear analysis. Two kinds of beams are studied. The short beams are for examining the bending resistance of cross-sections and the long beams for studing the lateral buckling of open sections. The beams are modelled with shell elements and non-linear FEM analyses are carried out to predict the strengths of the models. Both material and geometrical non-linearities are included in the analyses. The results are compared with experimental results.

Local And Distortional Buckling Of Thin-Walled Beams, Reynaud Serrette, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Recent research has characterized the behavior of panel beams with laterally unsupported compression flanges as either a complex local buckling mode or an overall buckling mode. Tests have shown that the behavior of the unsupported flange and web is similar to that of lateral buckling, except, rotation is enforced along the axis of the web and the tension flange--a behavior which may be described as distortional buckling. In the work described here, an analytical expression is presented for computing the elastic distortional buckling stress based on a model which treats the web and compression flange as an elastically restrained beam. …

Lateral Buckling Of Singly Symmetric Beams, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

General solutions for the elastic lateral buckling moment of singly symmetric sections are studied. The studies include the effect of the location of the load on the section as well as the effect of moment gradients on the lateral buckling moment. Design provisions are outlined for the case of moment gradients.

On Design Of Profiled Sheets With Varying Cross Sections, Laszlo Horvath, Miklos Nemeti, Bela Veroci

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A short review is given on the effective width concept and about its use for determining of the moment capacity of sheets. A modified method, taking into account the varying flexural rigidity along the spans, is described and illustrated on examples carried out on first -generation panels.

Influence Of Deformed Metal Decking Composite Floors To Beam-Column Connections, Y. Xiao, D. A. Nethercot, B. S. Choo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A series of tests designed to investigate the interaction of a variety of different steel beam to column connection details with a composite metal deck floor is described. The main emphasis is on assessing the connections' moment capacity, rotational stiffness and rotation capacity. The full details of the experimental behaviour of the flush end plate and partial depth end plate connections will be described in this paper. A simple method for moment capacity calculation based on the test results is proposed herein.

The Bi-Axial Behaviour Of Shear Connectors In Composite Slabs And Beams, Chris T. Duffy, David O'Leary, Michel Montourcy

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The use of composite beams which utilise steel beams together with a composite steel sheet/concrete floor slab is well developed. Many forms of steel profile are used and the form of attachment to the steel beam is generally by welded shear studs or shot-fired shear connectors. The design procedures for these beams require a knowledge of the shear capacity of the connectors which may be influenced by the type of profile being used for the beam. This shear capacity is often deduced from information obtained from standard push-off tests which mayor may not include in the test set-up the actual …

Activities Of The Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures was established at the University of Missouri-Rolla in May 1990 under the sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute and the University of Missouri-Rolla. This paper summarizes the activities performed at the Center during the past two years.

Education In Cold-Formed Steel Structures - Lifelong Learning, Albert L. Johnson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

What is the system we're dealing with? Who's in the audience? What is the information we need? How do we package it? How is it delivered? How do we know if we've done a good job?

Behavior Of Arc Spot Weld Connections In Tension, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A comprehensive experimental study of the tension strength of arc spot weld connections, that affix a cold-formed steel roof deck to its support member, was conducted. Based on the experimental results obtained from over 260 connection tests, equations have been developed that predict the tension capacity of an arc spot weld connection. These equations are easily applied, and lend themselves to use by structural designers.

Experimental Investigations Of I-Beams, Shang-Jian Chen, Shan-Feng Fang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

I - beams made of cold - formed thin - walled channels, back to back, can be connected by resistance spot welding or arc-welding. Both stability and ultimate strength of these beams are different for welding method. The stability can be increased provided several battens are attached on the open sections of these beams.

Contrasting Behaviour Of Thin Steel Roof Claddings Uder Simulated Cyclonic Wind Loading, Mahen Mahendran

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

During an investigation on thin steel roof claddings under simulated cyclonic wind loading, it was found that trapezoidal roofing behaved quite differently to corrugated roofing due to the presence of overload cycles. This paper examines this contrasting behaviour of these two roofing profiles.

Profiled Sheet Behaviour Under Concentrated Load, Mohsen M. Salaheldin, Lweis C. Schmidt

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The behaviour of profiled sheets under concentrated static load is discussed. The effect of aspect ratio and the depth of the sheet on the redistribution of stresses is investigated. The stress concentration caused by the concentrated load can lead to an anomalous pattern of behaviour, where local plastic failure occurs at lower loads in shorter spans rather than in longer spans.

Properties For Cellular Decks In Negative Bending, K. Balaji, Larry D. Luttrell

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cellular roof and floor decks may be formed by attaching essentially flat sheets to a "hat-shapes" or to fluted profiles by spot welding along the contact lines. This leads to a closed cellular deck unit suitable for such purposes as in-floor power distribution or communication systems. In positive bending, or when the flat sheet is in tension and stable, cellular deck flexural properties can be determined following the American Iron and Steel Institute Cold Formed Steel Design Manual. When the flat sheet is in compression, its contribution is not described in the AISI Manual since it is not continuously connected …

Composite Slabs Analyzed By Block Bending Test, Li An, Krister Cederwall

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A new small-scale test, concrete block bending test, was carried out to determine the amount of shear stress and the slip distribution at the interface between the steel sheet and the concrete. The result was then used in the finite element analysis to predict the behaviour of composite slabs. Good agreement has been shown between the analytical results and measured results from the full-scale composite slabs.

Repeated Point Loading Tests On Composite Slabs, Yoshimitsu Itoh, Kiyoshi Komori, Hiroshi Fujioka

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Single span and double span composite slab specimens were tested by subjecting them to concentrated repeated point loading. From the test results, it was found that the control of concrete cracks caused by the negative moment over the interior support is important in the latter case.

Thermal Shielding Near Intermediate Supports Of Continuous Span Composite Slabs, Kees Both, Leen Twilt, Jan W. B. Stark

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

At TNO Building and Construction Research, in close co-operation with the Eindhoven University of Technology, research is carried out on the behaviour of fire-exposed composite steel/concrete slabs, in the framework of a research project co-sponsored by the ECSC (European Community for Steel and Coal). The paper describes the state of the art of the research project.

Design Of Channels Against Distortional Buckling, Y. B. Kwon, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Thin-walled lip-stiffened channel columns composed of high strength steel may fail in a distortional mode involving movement of the lip stiffener perpendicular to the flange plate it supports. In this report, test results for a simple lipped channel section(CH1) and an intermediate stiffened channel section (CH2) of thickness of approximately 1.1 mm (0.043 in) and 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) steel and undergoing distortional or mixed local-distortional buckling failure are compared with different design methods. The design methods compared are Australian Standard AS1538, EC3 Partl/ Annexe A, the ECCS Recommendations and the AISI Specification. In addition, new methods based on a …