Structural Engineering Commons^™

Behavior And Failure Mechanism Of Composite Slabs, J. J. Roger Cheng, Michael C. H. Yam, E. B. Davison

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The behavior of a composite slab using a 636 deck profIle was investigated experimentally. Twenty-three one-way slab tests and twenty-four pull-out tests were performed. It was found that the behavior and shear bond load of the composite slab were significantly affected by the depth of the embossment shear key. The average shear stress from the pull-out tests was generally lower than that of the one-way slab tests due to a lack of the transverse load effects which influenced the frictional resistance between the concrete slab and the steel deck.

Further Studies Of Composite Slab Strength, Angela S. Terry, Samuel W. Easterling

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The results to date of a research program focusing on the strength of composite slabs are described. Full-scale experimental slab tests are compared to strengths calculated using the Steel Deck Institute Composite Deck Design Handbook. Based on the comparisons, recommendations are made for modifications to the calculation procedures.

Review Of Concepts Concerning Bond Of Steel Decking, Mark Patrick, Russell Q. Bridge

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

It is well established that bond between deformed reinforcing bars and concrete is produced by three distinct actions: chemical adhesion; friction; and mechanical interlock. However, researchers of composite slab behaviour do not generally agree on the actions which produce bond between steel decking and concrete, and the concepts they have developed in this regard are reviewed.

Local Buckling Of Filled Sections, Howard D. Wright

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The buckling capacity of plates in contact with a rigid medium is greater than that for free plates. Such plates occur in sections filled with a suitably stiff material. Classical analysis is used to compare restrained and free plates.

Tests Of Thin-Walled Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes, Martin D. O'Shea, Russell Q. Bridge

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Concrete filled tubes are likely to be economical with the use of very high strength concretes and thin-walled steel tubes. The strength of the steel tube is affected by local buckling effects which may also influence the confinement to the concrete infill. Very high strength concretes exhibit rapid unloading in the post-ultimate region. The strength of the composite column is not a simple superposition of strengths of the individual steel and concrete components. This paper describes the initial tests of an experimental program to determine the effects of local buckling on concrete filled tubes. Tubes with a diameter to wall …

Design Of A Purlin System, C. Jiang, D. St. Quinton

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is concerned with the design of cold-formed steel structural members which span between the frames of a building and carry cladding which is usually either single- or double-skin profiled metal sheeting or a sandwich panel. The cladding is fIxed to these purlins or sheeting rails at regular intervals and the performance in service, and therefore the design, is strongly influenced by interaction with the sheeting. The connection between the purlins and the supporting structure also has a significant influence on performance so that, historically, the emphasis has tended to be on empirical methods of design rather than detailed …

Light-Gauge Engineering In Today's Marketplace - The Challenges, Gene Farach, Robert C. Grupe Jr.

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Light-gauge has tremendous potential in the construction industry. It is a material which affords more carrying capacity per less weight. Thus less material needs to be used which leads to a reduction in labor and subsequent reduction in cost, light-gauge is a durable, recyclable product, environmentally friendly in keeping with today's concern for the world around us. It is resistant to insects such as termites, mold mildew, rotting, drying out, warping and non combustible. However the reality remains that if research and development is not undertaken soon, the window of current demand may be short lived. We must accept that …

Comparison Of A Non-Linear Purlin Model With Tests, Catherine J. Rousch, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A non-linear elastic analysis has been developed for determining the lateral deflections of, and stresses in, the unconnected flanges of simply-supported and continuous channel and Z-section purlins screw-fastened to sheeting and subject to either wind uplift or gravity loading. The analysis incorporates a model, based on a combination of those developed by Pekoz and Soroushian, and Thomasson, which depicts the unconnected purlin flange as a beam-column. The restraint against lateral deflection is provided primarily by the sheeting, and is represented by a linear extensional spring of stiffness k located at the level of the unconnected purlin flange. To verify the …

Reference Section Method For Local Web Buckling, T. K. Sooi, Reynaud Serrette, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The present AISI effective width approach for determining flexural section capacities of sections with slender webs requires an iterative approach. A simplified method, called the Reference Section Method or RSM, which eliminates the need for iteration is presented and discussed. The reference section is defined as one that is similar to the actual section except for the web height. This simplified method is based on the premise that the flexural capacity of a section with slender webs is proportional to that of a reference section with compact web. The ratio of the web height of the actual section to that …

Flexural Capacity Of Continuous Span Standing Seam Panels: Gravity Load, Reynaud Serrette, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The standing seam panel is one of the most practical and economical roofing systems developed in recent years. Construction of the roof system requires that the panel legs be overlapped and crimped. Under gravity load, the crimped outstanding leg of the connected panels may be subject to distortional buckling. A design method was previously suggested for estimating the distortional buckling strength of the outstanding leg of a single simply supported standing seam panel. In this paper, an approximate method is present for estimating the capacity of a system of interconnected continuous span standing seam panels. Experimental results for three full-scale …

Cold-Formed Steel Sections For Transmission Towers, David Odaisky, Dimos Polyzios, Glenn Morris

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Hydro-electric transmission towers are traditionally built using hot-rolled angles. However cold formed angles are becoming more popular as replacements for hot-rolled angles, especially in the smaller angle sizes. In addition to conventional 90° angles, a wide range of shapes can be produced, in sizes to suit individual project requirements. In particular, cold-forming can be used to provide stiffening lips to prevent local buckling of thin wide elements, to optimize shapes so that longer unbraced lengths can be used, and to create shapes such as 60° angles for triangular towers. A research project was carried out at the University of Manitoba …

Stub Column Study Using Welded, Cold-Reduced Steel, L. Randy Daudet, K. H. Klippstein

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The primary goal of the subject study was to investigate the behavior and load capacity of stub columns using cold-reduced, low-ductility steel versus un-reduced, normal-ductility steel. Specimens that were cold-reduced were also welded transversely across the entire stud cross section. Therefore, this study also yielded data with regard to the axial performance of welded studs. In addition, since stub columns were punched and un-punched, further conclusions can be drawn about the effect of a weld located at a web perforation. A total of 133 stub column tests were performed at the Dietrich Material Testing Laboratory in Hammond, Indiana, between December …

Design And Analysis Of Constrained Layer Damping Treatments For Bending And Torsion, Kimberly J. Balkema

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, different aspects of constrained layer damping treatments on beams of various geometries are studied. First, the optimal length of a constrained layer damping treatment mounted on a surface in linear strain is identified as a function of the relative stiffnesses of the damping layers and the non-uniformity of the surface stain. The analysis extends previous work that considered the case of uniform surface strain. Sixth order sandwich beam theory is then modified for use with a rectangular beam covered with a segmented constrained layer damping treatment. Non-dimensional variables are used to simplify the form of the problem. …

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1994, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News August 1994, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Thickness And Curvature On The Natural Frequencies Of Cylindrical Composite Shells, Jose L. Monteverde E.

Theses and Dissertations

An analytical study is performed to determine the dynamic response, natural frequencies and mode shapes, of deep composite cylindrical shells, including the effect of through the thickness shear strain. The DSHELL finite element program is used to predict the first four natural frequencies and the results are compared to a reference using the Galerkin technique. The program was extended to problems considering simply supported-free boundary conditions. As is well know, the free boundary is rather difficult to represent using the Galerkin technique approach. The mode shapes are created by plotting a surface-contour plot of the eigenvector output from DSHELL.

A …

Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings Subjected To Bending, Shear And The Combination Of Bending And Shear, Ming-Yang Shan, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE The current design criteria for cold-formed steel members published by the American Iron and Steel Institute (1986,1991) do not provide sufficient information for the design of web elements with openings. The primary objective of this investigation was to study the structural behavior of cold-formed steel C-sections with web openings. This study deals with the structural behavior of beam webs subjected to bending moment, shear force and combined bending moment and shear force. This report presents a summary of experimental study and findings of analytical results. The test results indicate that the current AISI Specification does not account for the …

Tensile And Bearing Capacities Of Bolted Connections, Jeffrey L. Carril, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE Experimental studies were preformed to investigate the tensile capacity, bearing capacity and the interaction of tension and bearing capacities of flat sheet cold-formed steel bolted connections. The effect of bolt hole deformation on the bearing capacity of bolted connections, was also investigated. In the experimental investigation, single shear flat sheet connections were investigated for single bolt and multiple bolt configurations. The intent of this investigation was to compare the current AISI and AISC Specifications for the nominal bearing and tensile capacities and to develop appropriate serviceability design criteria. A review and evaluation of past research on the tensile and …

Structural Behavior Of Perforated Web Elements Of Cold-Formed Steel Flexural Members Subjected To Web Crippling And A Combination Of Web Crippling And Bending, James E. Langan, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE A study of structural behavior was conducted and design equations were developed that account for the degradation in web crippling capacity caused by web openings for single web cold-formed steel flexural members. The sections were subjected to a concentrated load applied to one flange. The load application satisfied the AISI definition for either End-One-Flange or Interior-One-Flange loading. The research findings enable the current design provisions for sections without web openings to be modified by a reduction factor equation to obtain the web crippling capacity for sections with web openings. The modified capacity is considered for the web crippling capacity …

Engineered Vs. Traditional: A Comparison Of Wood Beams, Richard Humphrey

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1994, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News February 1994, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Cutout Dimensionality On The Collapse Characteristics Of Cylindrical Composite Shells Of Varying Thickness, John C. Del Barga

Theses and Dissertations

This study involved a numerical and experimental investigation of the (geometric instability of graphite/epoxy cylindrical panels with free vertical edges undergoing axial compression. Symmetric quasi-isotropic laminates with five different size centralized cutouts, were investigated for two axial lengths of panels and three thicknesses. The study compared experimental data to results from SHELL, a geometrically nonlinear finite-element program which incorporates a parabolic transverse shear strain distribution through the thickness. The research verified that the SHELL program will provide good predictions of the collapse characteristics of a panel with large cutouts of varying dimensions undergoing large displacements and rotations. The best correlation …

Comparison Of The Dynamic Behavior Of Composite Plates And Shells Incorporating Green's Strain Terms With The Von Karman And Donnell Models, Arthur E. Forral

Theses and Dissertations

The dynamic collapse behavior of thin, composite cylindrical shells subjected to transverse point loads is considered. The dynamic behavior of the undamped cylindrical shells of varying radii is analyzed with a finite element formulation that incorporates all nonlinear Green's strain terms in the in-plane directions; transverse strains are linear and vary parabolically through the shell thickness. This formulation is denoted as the simplified large displacement/rotation (SLR) theory. Graphical representations are used extensively to examine dynamic behaviors not noted in similar research that utilized the DSHELL finite element code. Composite plate behavior is also explored. Comparison of the higher-order formulations to …

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1993, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News August 1993, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

An Energy Approach To Seismic Analysis And Design Of Secondary System, Genda Chen, Tsuteh Soong

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamic analysis and design of secondary systems have been extensively studied over the last two decades, resulting in a better understanding of their general dynamic characteristics. One of the current challenges for researchers is to develop simple yet accurate procedures incorporating these research results and transfer them into the development of practical design and performance evaluation procedures. This is the basic thrust of this report.

Statistical energy analysis has been proven to be a powerful tool in the dynamic analysis of complex systems involving interaction effect between acoustic field and structure. In this report, such a tool is systematically …

Effect Of Reduced Plate Width On The Structural Behaviour Of A Triangularly Folded Plate Barrel Vault, S Manyele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Various methods of analysis have been employed to predict the  structural behaviour of the Triangularly Folded Plate Barrel  Vault, with conflicting results. A review of past analytical  and experimental investigations carried out on the structure  show that theoretical analysis based on a smaller effective  width rather than the overall plate width is capable of closely  predicting the deflection behaviour of the structure.  This paper presents an experimental study of the behaviour of  a triangularly folded plate barrel vault with physically reduced  plate width.  It is found that physical reduction of the plate width to  correspond to ‘theoretical’ effective width weakens …

Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Effect Of Strain Rate On The Structural Strength And Crushing Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Stub Columns, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION In the past, a considerable amount of theoretical and experimental research has been undertaken to study material properties and the behavior of structures under dynamic loads and impact loads. For the purpose of investigating the structural behavior and strength of cold-formed steel members under dynamic loads, a research project was conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla from January 1988 through December 1991 to study the effect of strain rate on mechanical properties of sheet steels and the structural behavior and strength of cold-formed steel members. The test results of material properties, stub columns, and beams with evaluations were summarized …

Eureka General Plan Update, Susie Van Kirk

Susie Van Kirk Papers

Historic resources within the City of Eureka's planning area, which extends from College of the Redwoods to Indianola, reflect the region's development since its settlement in 1850. Significant in the area's social, economic, and architectural history, these resources include a diversity of structures, sites, groups, neighborhoods, and communities, each of which contributes to the planning area's aesthetic qualities and historic context. They are the tangible evidence of the regions past and a heritage to be valued by this and future generations.